HISTORY 



OF Till-: :— 



cDoecji ]<i I l*'xe>( jii J )e>n1 



West Virginia Cavaihy Voiunteers. 



— DURING THE 



r^ r~ 



r^ 



w 



N 



'^bM'.3^^'' 



BY J. J. SUTTON, 



LATE PRIVATE OF THE REGIMENT. 




PORTSMOUTH, OHIO, 

1892. 



E 



1. .. . iriii' tlr.it li<» is' :» iMUffantor who causes two 
lilatK'H of jrni<w to prow whcrf only <inc jjrcw before, then 
it nmv Ik' <\'h\ that he who cnusos two faets to stand <»ut in 
ImiM relief whcrf only one i'lui apparetl hiforo, is a friend 
to truth an. I a convrvut«»r of Jii>tory ; and if he hringj? a 
multitude of factii that otherwise would have been lost to 
sinht. «un I. he iJi to he commanded, and his motives not 
to Im- uit>M<itistruetI. The author of thia work needs not to 
a|i«do;;i£e for briuKinp it ft»rtli. Jle has j»ut ujM>n record a 
multitude ..f facts that mi^ht have jjassed into oblivion, as 
far a* the nu'mory of man id cdiiccrncti, had he not taken 
occttfioD to fix them on jmijmt aH he himstjf rememberi'd 
them, and a«« huntlnds of others will attcbt, for the lurn-al 
"f •'• •• futuri' hihturian. 

\lreadv the jfcueral results of the war are well known 

to ev rv Mu lent <»f history, for the late war has n«iw passed 

int*» h•■'tor^ ; but the thoUAantU of incidents that a|)|»eared 

then to Ih' of no iin|»<irtance have yet |»rove<l to be the piv- 

otni pointo u\tim which many an cn|^i;;empnt tnriu m|. and 

f * -rth in the lijjht i:i which they appealed to 

Mddier. who.ne duty was to j;o and to come at 

the liiddiut; of hiw MU|K'rior <ini< ■ r. Ii w.is not hi.s privilege 

i.av, but nimplv to obey. J{y no means vas 

1 voluntefr wddier a machine. Ofu-n N\as it 

the e,:-4 il ,i' hc who »imply \N'''re the blue, without insij;- 

nia oT ofli'A of any kind, wm p >«He»^ed of an ino||.dit as 



INTRODUCTORY 



penetrating into the events that were passing about him as 
was that of those whose duty it was to direct the issues of 
the campaign. This may be said truthfully of the Ameri- 
can volunteer, that, taken collectively, they rarely ever ar- 
rived at a wrong conclusion in the movemeut that was 
being made, aud this without communication with their 
superior officers. They conversed freely with each other 
while around the picket fire, and intelligently forecasted 
the operations of their superiors, and not infrequently were 
pungent criticisms indulged in that would have cost them 
their hope of preferment; for every soldier hoped that in 
some way his services would be recognized, and that he 
might be able to go back to his people, if not with the in- 
signia of promotion, at least with the commendation of his 
superior officers, that would enable him to look the wliole 
world in the face. 

The author of this book has made the various situa- 
tions from 18G1 to ISGo a careful study, aud having been 
continually at the front during all that period, and having 
been a close student of all that was going on about him, he 
possesses a vantage ground from which he can take abroad 
survey of all the events of that period. Much of the time 
his opportunities for obtaining information were of the best, 
and while it was his duty to serve with closed lips, his ear 
was alert for everything that would tend to enligiiten him 
upon what was going on. Often entrusted with the execu- 
tion of important orders, his opportunities for observation 
were enlarged, and, being careful to keep a record of the 
daily doings of the armv with which he was connected, he 
created a fund of information that for usefulness far sur- 
passed anything that he then suspected, for when he con- 
ceived the idea of writing up the annals of his regiment, he 
found himself possessed of a vast amount of material 
that was like a reflected image, for it was the record of the 
hour and the place. But that was not all. His experience 
had prepared him to bring to his assistance the best testi- 
mony that could be obtained concerning the various cam- 
paigns in which his regiment was engaged. He h 



INTROlUiTtlUY. 



'liH'iinteiiU that emnimtcHl iu the hourofi'ii^ntp'tiient, 
uimIit the r-iiuwers of shot and hhell, umidtit the roar of 
liuiih', the hiizyjihs of victory, or in sinht of the j»ani<', it 
lUTty h.', that aliuo<«t itivuriahly att«ii(hil <hfeat. Some of 

'.'HMinicntA are of more than onlinary interest, an tliey 
iiii. \v a >-tr«in^ li^l't upon the intitive«^ that aetiiattd the 
aiilhoriiifh on either ^ith^ Some have heen |»ri|iareil by 
the f»nrvivon* of the war, wlio o(>eupie(l |irominent |>o>.itiuii>^ 
and wiehl 'd jjreat intliirnec, and thi- te>iiinoDV will he <d 
|i:irti(Mihir inteie.st to all wht) iKirticifKited in the hatth-s de- 
H'rthed a** rertectinj; the intent ton that \va« behind each 
niovrnicnt. I/<-tter> have been written cndinicinj; events 
lliat wouhl have fu«lcd from memory, atul as thcv are thus 
brought to mind, they will find corroboration in the niin<U 
of many who participated in the actiooK described. 

This Nolume will prove to be of ^reat value to the 
studftii of the late war ; first, because no pains have been 
.H|i:ire«| to ttectir« accuracy, and sec(»nd. rvcrv form of exag- 
geratitin or laudation has been carelullv cxclu<K(l. 

K. K. K\\ l.\(i. 
Lieutenant 5il>i O. W 1. 







ROSa^KR OF 



Field, Staff and Company Officers of the Regiment, 

Showing the changes therein from the (lute of origi- 
nal erganization to the date of muster out, June 30, 18(i0. 



Date of 

('(lIlllMNsilll 



XanK-H mill Rank. 



Sept. 
Julv 
May 

Sept. 
Aug. 
Dec. 
Mav 
Julv 
Nov. 

Oct, 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Aug, 

Jan. 

A])r. 

Julv 

Nov. 



IG.'Gl. 
18, '0-2. 
18, 'G3. 

10, •♦ii. 

H),'()-2, 
5, '(y-l 
18, '()3 
14, 'G4 
26,'()4. 

2, 01. 
2, 01. 
5, '02. 
19,'02. 
2, '03. 
29, '04, 
14,'04, 
2<i.'(;4 



Colonels. 
Wm. M. Bolles 
John C. Pax ton 
Wm. H. Powell 

JA. Oolonel.<. 
John V. Paxton 
Rollin L. Curtis 
Wm. H. Powell 
David Dove 
John J. Hoffman 
James Allen 



On. 


•2o, 


'til. 


Nov 


■ 1, 


't;2. 


Nov 


12 


'0 1 . 


Oct. 


'■^'>, 


'01. 


Oct. 




— ) 


'01. 


Oct. 


2:',, 


'01. 



Jan. 2, '03, 



Oct. 


•2->, 


'01 


Jan. 


1", 


'03 


Nov 


. 0, 


'01 


N<.v 


. B, 


'03 


Mav 


18, 


'03 



Oct. 2, '01 



Rollin Jj. Curtis 
John J. Hoffman 
Henrv Steinback 
Wra. H. Powell 
John Mc^NIahou 
James Allen 
Chas. K. Hambleton 
l-'dwi'i S. Moigaii 

l~l 1,1. aiMl Ad'it. 
.loim 1'. .Merrill 
Klijah I", (iillcn 
Karl A. Cranston 
(jreo. Downiug 

1st Lt. & K. Q 
Sayres (Jl. Paxton 
Wm. Hoi den 

IstLt. andK.C. S 
Geo. S. South 

Surgeons. 
Thos. Neal 
Matthew McEwen 

Assistant Surgeons 
Lucius L. Comstock 
Ozias Xellis 
Edward Jj. Gilliam 

Chaplain. 
Chas. ]SI. Uethauser 



M, 



Res. June 25, '02 
Res. May 7, '03 
Pro. to Rrig. Gen 

Pro, to Colonel 
Re:<. Oct. 25, '(12 
Pro. to Colonel 
Res. July 5, '64 

^IllS. nut l-Xp. tl-IUI -il'IX iif. 

Mus. out clo.-e of war 

Pro. to Lt Colonel 
Pro. to Lt Cohuiel 
Mus. out Feb. 23, '04 
Pro. to Lt Colonel 
Mus. out Apr. 25, '04 
Pro. to Lt Col 

Jills, uiil 1-xp. t'liii H.-r\ iio 

Mu.-^. out elo><- \\:ir 

Rc.^--. .luiie 5, '(12 
Res. Sept. 7. 'ii4 
\U'^. .June 2, •(i2 
Res. :May 1, '02 

^\\t''. iiut cxp. term morvico 

Res. March 13, '02 

Mus. (lilt cxp. torni scrvici' 

Res. Feb. 9, '03 



Pro. toSur?., .SW. Aa. Inf. 
JIus. out I'xp. term sorviii- 



Res. Oct. 12, '02 



?^ • .1. 1 i: J ::it'jjt Lavalrv — Continued. 



l.»cl. 


K». ' 1 


Apr. 


1M«,-.:| 


N. 


J 


N... 




<»it. 


! 


July 


i^. ■ 


Jan. 


7, '«. 


N 




.In 




Apr. 


". 


Nov. 


• > , ■ _ 


1 


PV t . ^ 


•Ian. 


1 , Oo 


()<t. 


i;», '«;i 


Mav 


is.*.;? 


NuC-. 




Nov. 


•^ 


Nov. 




•Ian. 


•>■ 


Muv 


1- 


Nov. 


". 


J lint 


'_ 


Apr. 


i 


Nov. 


4 


Oct, 


1 


.Inn. 


1 


May 


1 


N..;. 




N..\. 





\.,1 



N..V. 

( ), I 1 



Or! m.'fil 



.N< 







U<>m«rk«. 


C'apliiin- 






.lav 1.. \\.i\Ur 


A 


Di^. Apr. 2ri, '04 


. Win. \'. .lii|in»*on 


A 


llu* uul Pip Irriu ■rr%'lce 


. .Vllurtn ( aiiiplK-ll 


A 




Wm. H. l»..u.ll 


R 


Pro. to Major 


:i>. K. Ilnniltltiun 


n 


Pro. to Major 


' " ^' !.H.k 


H 


Mf uul rtt>. IrrniMTTirr 


1 


i» 


Ko8. June 11, 'C5 


.^ S,u\ 


(• 


U.H. .Inly 22, '02 


Allrn 


t ' 


I'l ' t.. Nlujor 


iiifM A Morrinoii 




II'- Irrtn •rrrlrv 


. .hvin .S. Morjran 


' 


1 1". Ml Major 


KlM*ni'r.«T K. NN'iUon 


(' 


Mu-*. out close war 


Ifnirv S. Il:ii'ult«tn 


1) 


\Uh. (late not known 


\l.x."ll. l:.. krr 


I) 


T^ali l.-lu. H Mar. 1 'M 


-. A. I'lnph'liv 


I) 


♦lu. (.Ill t-»p, Irrm •rrTir* 


!.n MiNallv ■ 


I) 


^Tim. «»ut cloxcof war 


iMln'xr Sc'ott 




. .Ian. 12. '02 


rriuiali Ihivid-oii 


1 . 


;'> M«j r*o. \ . 1 srpt H, 


-•■|»li Aiikroin 


!■: 


Mu.s. out clo.ne of war 


;I>. lyiis 


1' 


lu-*. Mav ti, '02 


. H. P. .St-ott 


1' 


K. V 1 ).><•. 2:5. '02 


... Millar.l 


!•' 


<l... ..Ill i«p. Irrin MTvlr* 


iiry S. .S\\,Mitz»l 


1' 


Mils. f»iit cio.se of war 


!in M<-.Malion 


(i 


Pro. to Major 


: A. Smith 


C 


Kch. May M. 'G.'i 


. Aiikroin 


c 


frsin. to ('<». E. 


-|mt .\. Smith 


(i 


-Mils, out close of war 


vi<l I)<i\«- 


II 


Pro. to LtCoI. 


lit s A. I'tnph-hv 


II 


Tran. to Co. D 


H. nwkvr ' 


1 1 


Mm. ••Ill ftp. Irriu »rrvir«> 


1 .1. Hrhan 




. Oct. 2.3, '62 


:i. .M. FurtrhfUt 


1 


■i • •>«! p»p. lorn. ■■r»i<» 


IX II. KmmniiH 


K 


U.S. Oct. 17, '62 


iwin .S M«»r^aii 


K 


Pnin. to Co. C. 


• W. (nlmor- 


T 


^!.i. rul p«p. IrriM •rrvlce 


.v. Smith 




.11. to Co. (J 


t Li«iit<-iian!^. 






K. ( iimplxll, 


.\ 


P«v VvU. 28, 1803. 


'1. 


.\ 


.1 ft uini •prtlrp. 


1 -' '11. 


\ 


It rlujte war. 
('apt. 


...... ,M,, 


t< 


.v. -. . il>. 21* 1.S03. 



Second Heglment Cavalry — Continued. 



Date of 
('oniiiiiHi^ion. 



Mav 18/63. 
July 14/64. 
Nov. 22/61, 
Nov. 26/61, 
Jan. 7/65. 
Oct. 19/61. 
May 18/63. 
Nov. 5/62. 
Nov. 26/64, 
Nov. 22/61, 
May 29/62. 
Jan. 2/63. 
Jan. 27/63. 
May 18/63. 
July 12/64. 
Jan. 7/65. 
Nov. 22/61. 
June 26/62, 
Nov. 5/62. 
April 1/62. 
Nov. 26/64. 
Oct. 19/61. 
May 18/63. 
Nov. 2/64. 
Nov. 22/61. 
Nov. 5/62. 
Apr. .29/64. 
Nov. 22/61. 
June 26/62. 
Oct. 9/62. 
Apr. 29/64. 
Nov. 22/61. 
Nov. 5/62. 
May 18/63. 
Oct. 16/61. 
Sept. 26/64. 
Nov. 2/64. 

Oct. 19/61. 
Oct. 9/62. 
May 18/63. 
Apr. 29/64. 
Nov. 26/64. 



Names and Rank. 



Israel B. ^lurdock, 
Edwin A. Ros.scr, 
Jeremiah M. I'oyd, 
Elx'nezer E. A\'ilson, 
Abijah li. Fanner, 
Geo. W. Snyder, 
James M. Mcrrell, 
John McXally, 
Samuel McVcy, 
Andrew A. Fonts, 
flasper A. Smith, 
Jeremiali Davidson, 
Joseph Ankrom, 
John D. Barber, 
Wm. S. Merrell, 
James W. Hicks, 
Oliver H. P. Scott, 
Wm. M. Fortoscue, 
Geo. Millard, 
Lloyd B. Stephens, 
Charles C. Cli.se, 
Geo. B. Montgomery, 
John J. Medlicott, 
Milton McMillin, 
John Walden, 
James A. Umpleby, 
James W. Ricker, 
John W. Neal, 
Geo. K. Weir, 
Wm. V. Johnson, 
Samuel S. Hawk, 
Wm. Yard, 
John McNally, 
James M. Merrell, 
James Abraham, 
Jasper A. Smith, 
Milton McMillin, 

Sec. Lieutenants. 
Charles A. Hudson, 
Alexander AVard, 
James W. Ricker, 
Ebenezer E. Wilson, 
Abijah B. Farmer, 



Pro. to Ciipt. 
Mnstered uut. 
Killed Sept. '64. 
Pro. to Capl. 

Wouiiili'il at Sailor's Cri'i-k 

Res." Feb. 24, '63. 
Trans, to Co. K. 
Pro. to Capt. 
Mus. out close war. 
Dis. Feb. 26, '62. 
Pro. to Capt. Co. G. 
Pro. to Ciipt. 
Pro. to Ca])t. Co. G. 

KilliMl imar Wim hititcr ,liil.v 27, 

Pro. to Cai)t. Co. B. 
Mus. out close war. 
Pro. to Capt. 
Pro. to Capt. Co. L 
Pro. to Cajit. 
Res. July 13, '64. 
Mus. out close war. 
Res. Feb 24, '63. 

Iloiiiirably diKcliarpcd Si-pf . 27, 

1 M, I . 

I\Ius. out close war. 
Res. Oct. 22, 1863. 
Pro. to Capt. 

Mustered out ex toj in service 

Res. May 5, 1862. 

Ivilled at Fayettsville Sipt. 12, 

Pro. to Capt. Co. A. 

JIu.stired out ex (erni serviee. 

Res. Sept. 30, '62. 
Trans. Apr. 7, '63. 

Mustered out ex term service. 
Blustered out ex term service. 

Pro, to Capt. 
Trans, to Co G. 

Res. Sept. 30, '62. 
Pro. to Lst. Lt. 

Pro. to lst. Lieut. Co. II. 
Pro. to lst. Lieut -Co. C. 
Pro. to Is*. Lieuf Co. C. 



SimhjuJ IVginunt C'avnlrv— (oiitimuil. 



>>■«><« ••il Rank 



lt.-niiirk. 



.Inn. 7. 'Go. KinirMin MrMi||i,i. 
Nov. •J2,'GI..Iaiii.%s Alltn. 
.liiiM- •2ii,'ii2. Im-jhI H. Miinl.Mk. 
Mav ls.'»j;{. .lu,. A M.„rlM.i,. 
A|.i. :il».'i;4. \V,„. S. .M,.rr:||. 
.\«»v. 2»j,*«;4. Muriiii Kmiiiir. 
Nov. •.'•J.'Ul. Win. Chiirrli. 
<M. i».'02. Harvry .1. Fuhn. r. 
Nov. :i»J,'i;4. (u-i». KriMinjin, 
<>.t. 1!»;«5I. K.lwin S. M..rj.':in. 
•Ian. 2,'G.i. .Iani«-.s A. H.M.vrr. 
Nov. -J^.'JU. \V. S. Clannalian. 
Nov. 2*J,'<il..Iow|i|i Ankn.ni. 
•Ian. 1'7/«;J. Ilrnrv F. Sw, lU/.I. 
Nov. •J«;.'»:4..I:mM.l \V. lli.k^. 
-May \H,'V,:i. .MlM-rt.. ( Mini,!,,.!!, 
.Ian. 7. '»>.'». .Ii.iin M. (uins^ 

Nov. •J7,'<il. W Ml. .M. KorCrxiir, 

.Innr 'JH/JJ-i. <i»or^M' Millanl, 
-Nov. .')/(;i'. |J,,y«i n. St»|,|i,.ris. 
.\|»r. I. «;.{. ( Hiv.-r ( '. On;:. 
Nov. li»;/«;j. Kli.l,:, I'. Fi^Lr. 
<)«t. l!».'i;i. .Irniniiili I);ivi(|«Mn, 
•Ian. •.'.'«;:{. .lolui .1. .M.dlirott. ' 
M:.y M. '♦{.{. AllM-rfn « ';ini|M|.II. 

^••|.t. :;o.n;i. \\„,. .i. Ki,K..„<l:*,ii. 

N..\. •-••_'. '•;!. .htiii.- A. Ii,,|.|.-I.v . 
.\..v :..•.;•.'. «;..... \\ . si,..,nKilv. r. 

« ».'l. IN.'";.:. < liarl.- « . < li,,.. 
May -JJ.'*;!. .lolwi A. Low.. 
Ofl. 9.'«;2. .lonallian li. Carlisle 
Nov. •.'2;«i!..lo|,n M.Nally. 
Nov. .'*.'»i'J. Wali.r ( lMi>tu|.li.r. 
Anf:. •.'•J.'«I. |^.wi> M. I)„w.,.i,. 
<K't. •-'•_'. •«;!. Naar N. I"..i.lvr.. 
.S-|.t. .'Jo/tJ^. NN in. .1. Kirkfn.lull. 



!•: 



Mns. uiit flttM' war. 
Fro. to ("apt. (V). ('. 
Fro. to 1st Ft. 
Fro. to C'upt. Co. C. 

I*r«. w i«l. Llmi. Co. K. 

-Mn-. ont rlost' war. 
F< V .S|,t. 3(1, 'i\-2. 

M<..|. )••! Mill n ii-tiii M-it ill-. 

.Mnf«. out eloKf war. 
Fro. to ('apt. Co. K. 

M.-i.M.l ..til r» i< nil H-r«iiT. 

M I1-. <»iit rioso war. 
Fi-oinotctI to F»t Ft. 
Fro. to ("apt. Co. F. 
Fro. to 1st. Ft. 
Fro. to Cnpt. Co. A. 
-Mns. (»nt close war. 
Fro. to Isi. Fi. 



.M 



Fri.-oiKT ol" wai . 
Mns. out close war. 

'fi.' I. I.I l.i.iii ».. K 

'I'rn. to l^t. Ft. 
TrrtMs. to Co. F. 
Mil', oni clo^.- WAV. 
I'y. \<> Ft Fi. 
Kil «il .May J. •;;{. 

I'ro ■■. ui. l.i..ut. I ,, t 

'k«-s. Sept. 30. '(;j. 

>lii«ii-r>-<i <iui Manli ;•!. '*>:>. 

iVo. to 1st. Lt. 

I'ri...i,ir of «Hr <a|itur<-.l at 
I •oit.ttlU' Jul) I. la 

l»i*. ()<t. 31, 'i;!. 
Fis. Nov. 11», •«;•.'. 
Frans. to Co. Ci. 



NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 



NiiiiM-. Kiiiik. 


< 


Wlini 
iiilo 


inns 


CT.'.l 


ItniMirkK. 


Sain'l r>. Murdock, 


S^'t .Maj. 


2i) 


Nov 


• '^t 


()1 


Pro 2nd \A. ("<.. r» 


.lames M. Mcrroll, 


ii 


44 




It 




Pro. 1st Lt. Co. K 


K(l. A. Thomas, 


a 




Get. 


10 


(52 


Killi'.l ii.ai WiiKlii'.ln 
.IlllN L'l. Ix.l. 


Abijali li. Farm IT, 


u 


3f) 


JuK 


'24,61 


Pro. 2nd Lt. Vet. 


J. S. Duke, 


i( 


3-H 


Xo^ 


.H, 


()1 


Vet. 


Jus. A. Hoover, 


(I M S 


22 




li 




Pro. 2d Lt. Co. G 


Thos. A. Lvttle, 


u 


24 




<> 




M ll-tl IC.I Milt l\-KITVi<f. 


E. MrMillin, 


(I 


18 




(( 




Pro. 2nd Lt. 


Jno. J. Mcdlit'ot, 


Ciilii S;.'t 


40 




i( 




Pro. 2d Lt. Co. (J 


KichM W. Say res, 


<t 


20 




i( 




Mllsl.ITll ■•lit .X-MIVIII-. 


Martin Cramer, 


u 


24 




u 




Vet. Pro. 2nd Lt. 


John M. Corns, 


(I ' 


23 




(( 




u u 


John R. James, 


H. S. 






a 




Died Se|)t. 4, (;2 


Dan'l W. lliugins, 


i( 






(( 




Vet 


( ico. DeBnssey, 


u 


21 




a 




u 


(i. W. Tin k ham, 


Sadd'r 






i( 




(( 


Jae. H. P^mmons, 


n,i,-fii,i-- 


22 




u 




Trans, to Co. K 


Thos. James, 


i< 


24 




i( 




.MiisliTcil (lilt i-x-"i-|-virc. 


Rol.'t Mitchell, 


V.Sgn 


32 




a 




(1 c< 




Stand Up. Seand West Yirginia Cavalry, and Be 

Cuuiiied! 

he SccoDi) Wftjt Virjjiuia Voluiitotr Cavalry, 
In M»ul rtj;iuKni fn.m tin- »lat«' of or- 
. ul" tir»t iiuif>ur out on ihi* 2bi\\ tlay 
ul Nitvi'iubvr, 1664. 



r-.TT--. -^ 



A. 



Ileum rk» 



( ain;.:..!!, i^. K. 1st J.t il 
Wan!. AlexamliT. *' .:> 
II«im1 rs.iii. ('. A. iM I.t :.'! 



(Jl Dis. Apr. 21,lJ4 

Ntit iiiii-ti ii il out. 



1 «.). i I < 'III 1 



.1 Sgt. 



t< ■ ni. fr^'Ui Ul Nit. Co. II. 

« I Pro. rruin Ut Hcl. Cu. (', 

• uliijori', .Jo.v. ii. ("orpl J.; ■ \<»t nuistentl out. 

Sl»iiii!l<-. San. Ill I '^i,!.l'i ■: " " 

Joiu-. ( liui 

Kicruit-. 
.M«*Illto^ll,A^•x. II. Sotrt I.!:; MiliH, 62 Not niii.stin «1 out 
."-^iiviiis, William ' Ian. 10,04 

Alkin,.Inhu Ti '• ' 

Callioun Nt.lile A. " ]\s " 

Pavirt. Hcurv ** ' ! " . 

Dye, An.lriCv « .. 

Forrt »t.l''Ior<iitii <<[..•. 

Fiilt/, C.-o. W'. 
It'.^t^ Truman 
< i! < . Ira II. I'risuiicr ol war 

. Al»ner {Not inii.'sti'n'd out. 

Daniil | " " 

.V!iii»/M . Pri.sonor of war. 

Nt»t iiiu.<t('roil out. 



llv-t.:, W ii-on 

H'n;;!..., Tl.nM. ( 

iiiiiiipiin V, .1. yi 



1)1-0.29,64! 



J . : 1 

1...N, 

\ I .. . . 




.Mi.M. 


. Hiury 
.en*, T1j< 



.•ifi. I.S, ' 



Co. "A'^ Second Regiment Cavalry- 


— Continued. 11 


Names. 


ll;uik. 


**• illlci Hi-lvili'. 


Kcmurkc. 


Newman, Jos. B. 


Priv. 


10 


u 


Not mustered out. 


Parr, Peter 


u 


18 


It 


(( <( 


Pierce, Amos 


ll 


19 


Jan. 14,64 


ll ll 


Pierce, Elmore 


il 


42 


Jan. 15,64 


ll ll 


Price, B. F. 


a 


19 


1 1 


it a 


Plummer W. S. 


(( 


18 


u 


t( u 


Rupe, John C 


u 


18 


ll 


ll ll 


Russell, Sheffield 


i( 


22 


Dec 29, 63 


(( (( 


Russell, Chas. R. 


a 


18 


Jan. 15,64 


(( u 


Rutherford, M. J. 


<( 


18 Dec. 29,6;^ 


<. .1 


Sansbury, Isaac 


<< 


18 


JanJ 1 5, 64 




Scott, Austin 


ll 


27 


ll 


" 


Sear Is, William 


ll 


18 


ll 


i( li 


Smith, David C. 


a 


24 


(I 


H 11 


Stout, Geo, P. 


ll 


19 


ll 


(( (i 


Ted row, William 


ll 


23 


ll 


It (( 


Welker, David 


ll 


31 


ll 


ll 


Welkcr, Samuel 


ll 


19 


ll 


it It 


Woodard, Geo. W. 


ll 


29 


ll 


'• 


Veterans. 










Robinson Ellhu 


1st Sgt 


21 


Nov. 8, 61 


Rc-onliated Nov. M, 1863. 


Cornwell, Jno. G. 


ll 


22 


u 


U It 


Sanders, Ezra 


ll 


23 


<( 


'■ 


Crouser, John A. 


Segt 


22 


ll 


" 


Ollvin, Isaac W. 


ll 


27 


ll 


(( (I 


Nease, Lewis S. 


ll 


27 


ll 


ll a 


Smith, Clark B. 


ll 


24 


ll 


ll ll 


Sanders, Emerson, 


Corp'l 


20 


ll 


it u 


Campbell, Chas.B. 


(( 


20 


ll 


it ll 


Sipon, David 


ll 


21 


(( 




ChappcU, B. M. 


ll 


19 


ll 




Simms, W. II. H. 


ll 


21 


li 


ll 


Crooks, John L. 


ll 


20 


ll 


ll a 


Merrill, Robert 


ll 


38 


Feb. 26,62 


it it 


Day, Simeon 


Bugler 


20 


Nov. 8, 61 




Krofoot, Geo. M. 


li'.iifk- 

rilllith 


20 


.'( 


u > . 


Garner, James 


;( 


19 


ll 


• ' 


Dubois, Levi 


Wag'r 


27 


ll 


u >> 


Barker, Leand'r R. 


Priv. 


18 


u 


<( tl 


Biggs, Alex. T. 


ll 


18 


il 


it ll 


Boling Joseph R. 


ll 


22 


k( 


ll il 


Calhoun, Thos. J. 


ll 


19 


It 


it il 


Cartwright, G. T. 


ll 


18 


it 


ll 1 1 


Hysell, Sampson 


ll 


29 


(( 


» . * . 



...•mi K<;;iimiii (':i\ulrv--( uiitiuuttl. 



l!.vs«II. SiimM V. 
llxx'll, I*t'>vi> 
.l«iiic!», Amln-w 1*. 
Kciiiudv, A. M. 
I^i'wiv, .loliii L. 
I^hiiiuh, Sam'l ('. 
Lyinuii, Uiuii K. 
Morpm, (iniii. 
iNnk. A. .1. 
tiilitklf, Alrx. K. 
KirlianU, Mor(.mii 
KolMTt.MiM. .1. W. 
Hoii»li, Win. 
Kntlirrfortl M. W. 
Sliillinj;, St4|»lu'ii. 
S|»r:\j;iH', SainL S. 
Sti'|(lirn*»iu, T. W. 
Saml^Ts, W'm. (J. 
NN'rllsttT, Hciij. 
1 >i^<-liarp'(l. 

< i<M|«lar<l, IVarli'V. 
(iariuT. Sila*. 
(Jil.s. Win. II. 

< irrolinan. iN-tcr. 
I^ittlii-ail. Sila- A 
.Mnrra\ . W in. 
>an'l'i-. I>:ml. ^^ 
SkiniM r. .Ia». I >. 

hir.l. 
Siller, I lui". A . 
( 'liUM*, Suininrr I'. 
Hnil.y. Davi.I C. 
Kiii>j, Thn.. \\. 
MiCormi.k. .1. \V 
Key 111)1(1.-, Win. I, 
Kailfitrtl, .l*i>M-|ili. 
Skill-. riioH. v. 

'I'mnsfirnMl. 
( 'niii|ilM-ll, AIImtIo. 
SlnMinak<T, <i. W . 
AtkitiHuii, .lann-s. 
Hniwii, I^ainirr. 
Calliouii, NN ni. NN 
CliUinlN-rluiii, •!. .M 



l(>l>k 


i 


U'hrlt MlUvlrrvtl 
illlu M-M li-v. 

Nov. 8, 61 


Itrluark*. 


!»riv. 


21 


IU-.«-iili.i. .1 N..» 3>. !>*«. 


'* 


18 




., 


" 


19 




" 


•' 


21 




tl II 


** 


11 




<i II 


" 


•21 


" 


<i <i 


«• 


IS 




.\(tt inu>-. tint. 


" 


is 




" 


« 


r.' 






«> 


2^ 




II II 


tt 


IS 


Itr-i tiU*li-l Xt.*. »l. "itJ 


It 


\H 




i< l< 


<( 


\x 


ji 


<l <l 


<« 


•j(i 




11 l( 


t« 


IH 




<l 11 


It 


21 




l< II 


II 


29 




11 It 


II 


18 




<l II 


II 


23 






li 

It 
It 


18 
18 
21 
44 


Jan. 13. '«4. 

X.iv. ii. 'HI. 
(< 
« 


.\l lialllpoUti. <>., .ImI- uii 

kiKiW h. 

.M I'l. rii-n'Ulil. Vn. tUI' 
illiklioM h 

.\i i:ainiN.ii.. It. .uif iiu 

klloMII 

M I'l l'l.«.«iil. V«. d«i. 

• lllklK'O II 




22 *• 


Callliioli-. <». 




1 ,«<•'•"• '•■•• ••* 


.. 




,.,N..t .. ... 


.. 




I> 




ii<. 1. f 


n 


\... • 


Si I- iK :ilIi r..ll. 


Piiv. 


2a 


Jan. |.^, °M. 


tt 


" 


21 


N..V. ». "M. 


II (1 


• < 


21 


Jan. I«. '64. 


<< <( 


" 


18 


N»v. M, '«!. 


II a 


" 


21 


I( 


It It 


It 


21 


II 


It 11 


It 


IS 


• < 


II II 


. .... 


.1 




ixl •xlaiinl 1.. 1 .. (. 


S«-Kt. 


21 




"Ill atnl aBalaiirtl lit t'li II 


Priv. 


19 


II 


To ("... K. 


•' 


18 


Jan tS. ■«! 


To Co. n. 




■ '( 1 


:. 'u. 


To C... K. 


" 


l.s 


s • •. •»! 


T.. Cm. K. 



Co." A" Second Kegimcut Cavalry — Contiuucd Vi 



Naiii.^. 


li:ilik: 


5 


Wlii-ii iiiiisti-rcMl 
into Bcrvii-i-. 


Ui'iii:irk- 


Croiiser, Wm. H. 


<< 


25 


« 


Trans, to CV). E. 


Cornwell, (ieo. 


<< 


19 


H 


n << p 


Dickens, H. 


a 


22 


AiiK. .Tit, 'iV.. 


" K. 


DeBiissov, Geo. 


u 


21 


.hill. 1, '.-.-. 


I'lii lioM)itiil Stewart 


Harley, Win. II. 


« 


20 


.iiiiif .K», '(■a. 


Trans, to Co. K. 


Holmes, Barron. 


i( 


18 


(I 


" K. 


McCoUoin, V. 


u 


18 


Jan. 15,64 


" H. 


>rcMa.sters, J. L. 


<( 


18 


Xov. 8, 61 


" E. 


Monroe, James M. 


l< 


18 


Jan. 15,64 


" B. 


Mathew, James P. 


<t 


23 


Xov. 8, 61 


I'm til Lt ill .inl Va riilvnry 


McClain, Chas. 


u 


19 


it 


Trans, to Co. E. 


McColIono:h, John. 


(( 


20 


(I 


a <( 


McCollough H. 


a 


18 


(( 


« (< 


McElhinny S. C. 


a 


18 


Jan. 2, 63 


a (( 


Newsome Edwin. 


<( 


30 


Aug 24,63 


a (( 


Peck, Darius. 


u 


•^0 


Nov. 8, 61 


<( << 


Quickie, Nial A. 


(( 


20 


(( 


(( ii 


Romines, T. S. 


(( 


18 


Jan 15, 64 


" " B. 


Si as, Isaac. 


<< 


24 


June 30,63 


" K. 


Sprague, Tho5. J. 
Scott, Charles. 


u 


22 
39 


Xov. 8, 61 

a 


Pro to 1st Lt 4th W Va cal- 
vary 

Trans, to Co. K. 


Sisson, Xat. 


a 


18 


Jan. 2, 63 


'' K. 


Thonias, John W. 


(C 


23 


Xov. 8, 61 


" " E. 


Thompson, H. M. 


(( 


22 


a 


" K. 


Winters, Wm. A. 


(( 


22 


u 


Trans. V. R. C. 


A\ eavor, Geo. 


(( 


18 


ii 


" E. 


Wilcoxen, J. C. 


i( 


22 


11 


" K. 


Deserted. 










Halsey, Alfred. 


(I 


20 


Mar. 4, 62 


Xov. 18, 63. 


Richard, Groner. 


u 


19 


Xov 15, 61 


Oct f, 62, at Pt IMiasaiit 


Robinson, Lewis. 


a 


27 


Jan. 15,64 


At Williamsport. Mil 


Ummensetta, J. B. 


a 


21 


Xov. 8, 61 


Oct 27, >".2ttt Siary, Va 



Aggregate, 151 men 



Ihiiuiilctoii. 
M unlock, 1 h. 

'' ■» •:•.•!(. r. F •" 

Allrll, .iailM'M. " ' ' 

M«»rri-on, Jaw. A. ' " 
Morrill, Win. ^ 
Fer;rjj-<ni, \\ . \, 
Clark, .Sinuul. 
Able ili*8.sf. 
KIrkor Uirlinnl \ 
IlupHiis. 1). \V. Lor 
I'j.rk. I, Wtii. II- 
lUankt n.-^liiiJ, Wni. 
Ilowarii, Mitiincl. .. 
Itoutii, Natliaiiiel. Priv. 
IJurfh, Wayu«'. 
Hi'iiry, ^\■|ll. K. 
H<»j)k;ii>, Will. G.i ** 
II.i|)ki!.-. 11.(5. I " 
Ia'wIs, Kii'liard. *• 

M »r:.M'i, M )r'ltci '* 
Millar-I, Ki.lar.i. 
Mfinrof, U. M. 
Morri- Ji'fli'r>(»ii 
I'li^rh, John. 
Kidotii (ii'orjro 
Swart<iialt«'r II. A. I 
Siarlin Alualiaii; " 
SiiiuHon All*iiiii li.\ " 
San tier-. Owar W.| " 
T.mM Alfn.l ; •' 

Williains Tliomafij " 

KriTllltM. 
Kirkrr (a I 

I'rown L<aiMl. r .I'liv 
( 'arnii<-lia<-I John 
('arntiirrw Wni. L. 
I>mkr Sti-iilun I*. 
I'.:iklii» Kiiiory A. 
. r rank 
KnI.l. 
Kirk i.li i: 



I'- - 









lUuisik* 




.V..S, 


Hi 


Pro. to MnJ. 




V '22 


CI 


I*n). to Maj. 
I'ro. to l8t Lt. 


1 


■ v. 8, 


Gl 


I'ro from Co. I. 
I'n. Capt C«). C. 


I.J, 






rrtt, from Scr^^t. 
I'nt. from Sor^t. 
I'ro. from I'riv. 
N<»t muH. out. 
Not. miiK. out. 
I'ris. of war. 


HI 


• ( 




Muhtrrfd out. 




t> 




t( 


u 


(t 




11 


IS 


u 




*• 


21 


tt 






81 


" 




.. 


33 


" 




t( «( 


n 


•• 




n tt 


Ov 


" 




a 


3G 


•' 




" 


IK 


" 










31 



: iwliis III •<'lli<ii at Npw- 
(own 

\.>, ti 1 N<it miiNit'r(«l «Mit 

10 .♦;*_' 



|H»|) 



«•<•. .: 



).". 



l.N .\l«r. '.iii.ol 



Co."B" Second Regiment Cavalry — Continued. 1 



NllIIICH. 


Rank. 




Wlipri ninftored 






< 


into Ht-TVico. 


Morris Chas. E. 


a 


2;j 


Oct. 10,62 


Morris Cha.s. L. 


(( 


19 


(( 


Morris James A. 


(( 


19 


Nov.27,6."' 


Miteiiell Win. 


i( 


20 Oct. 10,C: 


Monroe James M. 


i( 


18 


Jan. 15,64 


Parker John S. 


(( 


18 


Oct. 10,62 


Tinkerman Elias 


(( 


21 


Dec. 2, 6a 


Pifer (leor<To 


(( 


18 


Aug.28,G3 


Romine Thaddeus 


(( 


18 


Jan. 15,64 


Sanders John 


(( 


2(J 


Oct. 10,62 


Spen(;er Eli as C. 


• (I 


2-1 


Jan. 15,64 


Tracks Joseph 


Cl 


18 


Aug. 23,63 


Windel JohnR. 


" 


I.'! 


Frb. 27,64 


Veterans. 








Duke John S. 


1st Sgi 


.,. . 


..WV-. 8, 61 


('orns John M. 


i( 


23 


1 *< . ' ■ ' 


Boynton Henry B. 


a 


20 


, 


Sanders E. N. 


a 


28 




Ki])l)en;Tor Wm. J 


Corp. 


■Ih 


' ' 


Verbcck A. J. 


(( 


20 


ii 


Messer Jacob 


(( 


27 


) " 


Dempsey John H. 


i( 


•20 


(( 


Hurn Mills C. 


Black - 
Hiiiitli 


25 


" 


Irwin, John 


Wag'r 


27 


(( 


Boynton, Chas. C. 


Priv. 


24 


(< 


Blankeusliip, Jos. 


a 


18 


11 


Carr, Jeremiah 


C( 


^0 


i( 


Carr, Cornelius 


i( 


J8 


\( 


Cally, Wm. L. 


ii 


21 


(( 


Daniels, John 


Cl 


:i() 


a 


Evans, P^van 


c< 


2 "2 


a 


(jinheimer, Fred 


a 


21: 


it 


Cates, Stephen P. 


u 


29 


a 


Kimball, Joseph 


a 


18 


(I 


Jjloyd, David 


(( 


18 


Xov.17,61 


McCoy, Alfred 


ii 


18 


Nov. 8, 61 


Murphy, Horace 


<( 


21 


" 


Pine, James 


(( 


22 


iC 


Staten, Wm. H. 


<( 


18 


•'■' 


Slack, John 


(( 


21 


'• 


Todd, Geo. B. 


(( 


18 




Vandervort, E T. 




19 


" 


Discharged. 








Burkett, David K. 


.Qui. Sgt 


•jo 


ii 



Remarks 



Not niii-i 



Apr. 7, Cj'l 



16 Ci»."ii** S4}<'ou(l IU'|>imcnt Cavalry — Continued. 



Xal 






Ut Sjrt 



l>laiiki'n'>lii|), .loliii l*ri\ . 
H.rlrain.Cli. -t, ! T 
Kvan^tloliii 
Ilatiiiltoii, W III. 
.l<i|iii->on, llinirn 
I'attoij. Wa^li. I 

Millanl, ( tvo. 

Stewart. .Inlin N.|**"""^« 
N'anKvtTV, Martin S<;t 
Tln.,Ma>. K.I. A. ' " 
Ki«'Vt», Braxton 1*. 
llaik'v, Irwin 1{. Corp. 
Mitrlifll, K.lwaril lV.r.,^ 
TomlinHin.Tlioji II Biij;le 
Hntirr, .laint'K H. I*riv 
lUankt-n^liip, K. 
( 'on way, Lewis 
I >avi>, KtlniMtul 
H.nshaw. H. II. 
1 Idtliiian, < i<<). 
.lonrs, Ilrnry 
McK«T, A tiio> 
Tninstirnd. 
.lafiMs, 'riiornas Hn^Ie 
( 'arli>I<'. .Imo. B. S^t 
BranimtT, Svdni'V Priv. 
Skclton. .lolm (\ 

Mitrlu'll. K.)l,t. 

I)t-.<rt«<l. 
.M«( 'ollinn, Frank. 
Foler, Knianncl ' 



■'( I 



\\< 
27 
25 

27 
41 



■JSOrt. I0,fi2 

;;i Nov. 8, <Ji 
21 

'2')j 

23 Dec. 11.61 



Itriuatk*, 

K<»r«li-. ()(t.l'>«)2 
Forilis. (>rt.l« 62 
For (lis. tian. 7,<{.*J 
F..r«lis. Oct.l 4,f;2 
F<.r«li-., ()<t.H;,ii2 
F..nli>. .Inlv21.iil 
Pro. 2n.l LtCo. F 

See (h'atli roll 



Nov. 8,61 
Oct. 1(),62 
Nov. H.fjl 
Oct. 1(>.«>2 
Nov. K, til 



24 Nov. 8, 61 Pro. Cl.irf Bn,r|ar 
18. •• (pro. 2im1 Lt Co. I. 
19 Oct. 1(i,<;l' To v. K. C. 

.52 Nov. 7, CI To \vi .Surgeon 



I H 1 ),c. 1 .'),(; 1 I ^" •■•"'rl-l-'i. Junr >>. Ai 

' 17 Mar. 27--- Apr. 28, (14 
AffKr^'f?"**** '^''*'* rci-civeil fro:n otiicr Co's....!ll men. 



? H 
§ H 
5 O 

i ? 

o 








COMPANY C. 



17 



Names. 

Neal, Thomas 
Allen, James 
Morrison, Jas. A. 
Boyd, Jeremiah 
C^hureh, Wm. 
Fulnier, Harry J. 
Plarn, Thomas 
Burrows, Wm. 
Penn, Columbus 
Lono;, Richard S. 
Mitchell, Rosebery 
Adams, Thomas 
Holland, \Vm. H. 
Barker, Noah 
Bontri^ger, H. 
Bliss, Samuel 
Cohen, Burnett 
Eikey, Charles 
Gault, Andrew 
Goosman, Israel 
Hoffman Jacob M. 
Hubbs, Solomon 
Hoffman, R. M. 
Hisson, John 
Lorey, John 
Loroy, Conrad 
Miller, James G. 
McMillen, Richard 
Porter, Alvin 
Ridgway, Sam'l 
Smith, Sam'l 
Winton, Clark 

Recruits. 
Burris, John A. 
Burns, John M. 
Drake, Benjamin 
Dorff, Rueben 
Eh man, Lagans 
Ellswick, Geo. W. 
Fields, John C. 
Johnson, Wm. L. 
Mitchel, Jas. B. 
Miner, Harper 



Rank. 


1 


When nnigtiTi-d 


licnuirkH. 




— 


into Bervicf. 




Capt. 


Nov. 8, 61 


Res. July 2, 62 '~ 


<k 




(< 


Promoted Major 


i( 


26 


u 


Mustered out 


1st Lt 


49 


il 


li a 


2d Lt 


47 


i( 


ii it 


u 


21 


n 


ii it 


Segt 


41 


a 


a ii 


a 


22l " 


ii a 


It 


19 


K 


it ii 


(( 


24 


ii 


\V(uiii(1.m1 Sopt. I'.i, r,4 


Corp. 


43 


i( 


Mustered out 


a 


2^; 


>( 


.k it 


Sdlr. 


26 


Dec. 2, 61 


ii n 


Priv. 


20 


Nov. 8, 61 


ii ii 


.( 


20 


<( 


i( n 


u 


21 


u 


Woun.lc.l !it Kukit'l. .luly 






It. 11.'! 


(< 


18 




Mustered out 


>( 


18 


M 


i( a 


u 


44 


Sept. 7, 61 


a ii 


a 


18 


Nov. 8, 61 


Woiindid at Kalfish .liilv 
11, i'.:i 


u 


28 


K 


Mustered out 


(( 


38 


<l 


ii iC 


n 


24 


<< 


it li 


i( 


18 


It 


<l <( 


u 


18 


(t 


WouniU-d at I{aUit;li July 
n. r.:i 


a 


19 


i( 


Mustered out 


(( 


21 


i( 


WimniliMl at Winclirr.ter 






Sept. :>, iVI 


" 


20 


ii 


Mustered out 


a 


19 


a ■ 


ii ii 


(( 


22 


a 


ii a 


<( 


42 


u 


ii a 


it 


25 


a 


it a 


<< 


19 


Mar 24, 64 


Not mustered out 


<( 


40 


ii 


ii ii 


ii 


25 Deo 22, 6:: 


ii a 


/ 


181 Dec 22,63 

18j 


a ii 
a a 


(( 


42! Apr. 2, 64 


a it 


t( 


19 Doc. 7, 63 


it t< 


<< 


35' Jan. 4, 64 


a 


34 Autr28,63-' 


ii 


40 


M:.r3(), <i4 


li li 



•^T «'ii«i i\»-£llin-tii i :i\ail\ — i olllltltil-ti. 



Ka*k. 



Kriuark*. 



Miiitr, firo. W. 
H(-f(i, Hcnjaiiiiii 
Sli.ll. J..I111 il. 
Triiax. Willlniu 

N'rlrnin*. 
Fn-riiinii, (JiMir^c 
l^n*«Miil». ( 'Iin>t. 
Y«»un}f, Sihm K. 
Itiirnr*, (triilitli ( '. 
riltiiii. Knink 
M«'Alli-t«'r .Inincfi 
ho.i.ls. .i..M|i|i 
KiiiiiiHll, .l<>>«<'|)ii 
(iaiiilin, (ii'<tr^ 
Ilaniiltoii, Thd.H. ! 
Swiiy.iT, ( 'lias. 
Strwart. I!li:i«. 
Hmwii, .Intiu*.*i W. 
Mrnwn, .Iiiliii 
liarkcr, K/ra 
ICuttoiiiHi-M. Win. I 
HiittoiiiHrM, Isiinv 
( 'olillinii^li, .l«>hu 
|)yi', KiumIj L. 
I>«'iiiii*. .lo^'pli 
Ihirff, Clmrlfj*, 
Dnikf, Joliti 
l^rakc, TIpMiins 
hnrr, .Iilin T. 

<!lt(tfMI. ktilirtt 

lliirt-l<<iri>. Will, 
liauiilioit, A. ■!. 
IlMtlinan, K. 
H«-rii. ( •rniivillf 
ll<>l(na;:li, •la-'*. M. 
Mv.r-. .I..),ii 
Mi-Kait.'. .l-.lm I'. 
IViiy, SiiimhI 
SUtIi', .IiiIii'Z 
Slrrlf. A«laiii 

S|i»u!, .laculi 



in Apr. 6, «4 
■'. .I.in. 4, »J4 

~ Nlar 'M jj 4 ^'"•••"'•^ ••**••"■'•*"'«••■ 
M;ir. 4, »»■_* Not nitistcri'd out 
.Inn. 4, (M 

I-t Sl;1 •_••_' Nov. H, Gl "•—'•"•••^ >••'«•"'>• 

• • |lt«-rliiUtt<iI N'uV. >i. M 

Corp. 2»* 



W^r 
I'riv. 



•J I 



•Ji |)..-. -2, til 

is Nov. H, (Jl I-,-, III. Mar. :•, lil 
" nwnl. Nov. '20,r,S 

!37Nov 8,' Gl »«'-«'ii»«"« >'«»•».« 



30 

IS 
IS 

Is 
lid 



J I Mar. 4, G-J"' 

■ <• Nov. s, (ir 



It. iiilUt.'.! MmriU y. 61 



;|U-<iiIUIimI Niiv.3l>. M 



iiil|p|<<| Miinli V. M 
i'iili>ti-<l N.iv. 31, U 



; I •< R(-onlUlrcl MHrrti<v,ni 

> M;ir 1 );'>!"«'-<'«lllii|r.l Xtiv. »l, fO 

7 Nov. S (J) »• 'lilt IMardiu. At 

II •• II' • i.ii^L.i N..V at. M 



I •<•«•. 'J G I I'*'*-!'"**"' N<'« »'. 'J 



Co."C" Sccoiul licgiincnt ('tivalry--C()iitimic(l 



19 



NamCH. 


lUiik. 


M 


WIh'ii nniH 


(•red 


Renmrks 






"^ 


into Kcrvi 






Young, David 


(( 


18 


Feb 13, 


62 


l{c-i-iili^tr,l N.A. L'ci, ,,:; 


Discharged. 












Harrenn, F. A. 


li 


1« 


Nov. 8 


61 


For (lis. Get. 6,62 


Boyd, Henry 


a 


19 


ii 




a u 


Foutz, Thos. B. 


(( 


23 


11 




For (lis. O.t 14,62 


Lynch, Geo. B. 


ii 


48 


(( 




For (lis Oct. 8,62 


Tlioiiipson, Orville 


i( 


18 


i< 




At ]'t. I'llMKilllt Nov. Si, lV.l 


Slack, Kobt S. 


ii 


121 


ii 




At GallipoliM Oct. lii, i'.2 


Woods, Simon 


ii 


30 


li 




li li 


Wilson, J. M. 


u 


25 


ti 




Dis. at enlistment 


Died. 












Dye, Enoch L. 


Sirt 


22 


Nov. 8, 


61 


See death roll 


Swallow, John W. 


Corp. 


20 


li 




11 u 


Cox, Baldwin 


Priv. 


22 


11 




11 u 


Hamilton, S, B. 


(< 


20 


(( 




(( u 


Hoskins, Hudson 


a 


21 


ii 




li 11 


Leonard, A. AV. 


ii 


19 


11 




11 a 


McMillin, Marion 


a 


19 


Dec. 1, 


63 


U ii 


Shreves, Jas. H. 


ii 


20 


Xov. 8, 


61 


11 11 


Smith, William 


li 


18 


li 




a li 


Ullum, Stepiien 


li 


44 


11 




i. 11 


Transferred. 












Barber, John B. 


1st Sgt 


23 


Nov. 8, 


61 


i*ro. Ist Lt.G). E 


Johnston, W. V. 


11 


25 


ii 




Pro. 1st Lt. Co. 1 


Smith, Geo. S. 


Bugler 


23 


(( 




Pro. 1st Lt. Co. - 


Wilson, E. E. 


1st Sgt 


22 


li 




Pro. 2d Lt.Co- A. 


Deserted. 












Barker, Elisha 


Priv. 


22 Dec. 2, 


61 


Sept. 17, 62 


Batton, Jas. O. 


li 


18' 




,Vt CliailcsKiii .laii. .">, HI 


McMillin, I^evi 


11 


16' Nov. 8, 


61 


At ParkcrslmiK July V.i. M 


Switzer, Fred 


li 


24 


June 2, 


61 


Sept. K;, 62 



Aggregate 



111 men 



20 



COMPANY D. 



Ilaiiiilluit, II. S 
Kitkir. Altx II. 
riii|iUliy,.)aiUi>i> A. 
Sii\«Kt, (Jeo. W, Iht I A 
Ml' N ally. .I..hn 
M<»r^j:iii, FaIwiii S. l!il Lt. 
IlooviT, .laiiu'.x A. *' 
WanI, AU-xatuliT 1st Sgt 
I^iwry, (trafUtn Sjji 
Sliry, Sylve.sttT Corp. 
l)ii\vtl, lloiner C ! *' 
Harilinrt". .laiiu-. I*riv. 
( arjKiiirr, H. l'\ 
("l.ul.-M«t /. 
huiiklr, llinry 
Kini^l), Joshua ** 

Foul, (T«*«trjjt' \V. 
Harharpr, John 
tloM-ph, .latiu's 
M«M»rt', JfSM' 
Milll.t<k. Will. 

.MrAlliHttT, AUlMl ** 
Soh\var|», Aiulrvw " 

It^cruitH. 
Ariiistroii^, James " 
|{iish, .Siriiucl 
l5es», C'harlti. 
HowiT, l/«*onaril 
CollltiT, iWiij. 
Cook, ^ali^ 
l)a\ i*-, John 
Ihivi-, IJ<Mlj. 
( ior«-, 'iohli II. 
liiTnthMi, \\ 111. 
liti^^in-. Win. 
JoiMv, (iraiivilh- 
•loiM*'*, Kiii;iiiu«'l 
Johii-on.Kltiirr A 
Milh-r, .Xnd'rh'iri 
OiUr, John A. 
Olhr. <iro. K. 
I'arthiw, Morpiii 
K. mh. Vrwr \ 



Capt. MoXov.S, 61 



\,.> 



r.i 



Itrmarkr 



Uc*iffl>r4l ilair UUknuVU 

Assi^rufJ to Co. 11 
Not nlu^terl*^^ out 

ltr«lcii<nl dale uukuuwu 

Pro. to cnptain 

Not inustt-roil out 
Pro. Iht Lt. Co A 

\VuuiiJr.| Ml U luclmlrr 
l*rpl. If. M 

Muiit4.'rc'd out 



IH 
Is 

•Jn 

4<' 



Prit-onrr of \\:ir. 
Au«r 2«,03 Not imi>. out. 
F.I). •J(>,G4 

4« 

.Imi.3(),G:i 

Nov. is.oa 

Mar. «;, «;j 

I III! ."{O.G.'J 

i VI.. 20,<J4 

Nov. 1S,()M niio";: .\I:iy l). «>.; 

Mav 1, JM imt iiii'-irnd out. 

! )(•<•. '2, (12; 

\l:ir.2o.(;ii 

I'th. 20,U4| 

Mar. 24,64 

iuii.;;(), i;:'.! 

!». .• i!».r,'. (;. < . M 



Co. "D" Sorond Regiment C'avalrv — Cnnliniicd. 21 



Simmons, Henry Pri' 
Soulsby, Edward 
Thomas, David C 
Wills, David T. 
Workman, Ilob't 
AVorkman, David 

Veterans. 
M'Clannahan, W S!lstSegt 



Rank. m Wlioii miiHtcri'il 
into Hcrvici'. 



Frazee, Jekhiel 

Davis, Samuel 

Shaw, James 

Andrews, Jos. AV. 

Dunkle, Perley 

Steele, James S. 

Jarvis, Emanuel 

Hawks, John L. 

Nunnemaker, fino. 

McConnell, Wm. 

Smith, Silas 

tthuster, John S. 

Coulter, Jos. C. 

Cooper, Isaac N. 

Myers, Fred 

Blackford, Thos. 

Black, Geo. N. 

Boyer, Geo. W. 

Bobo, Arvi J. 

Brown, James N. 

Cable, John 

Dixon, Henry 
David, F. M. 
Eby, Philander 
Erwin, Wm. D. 
Herrold, Chas. 
Hileman, H. H 
Hannah, S, P. 
Hays, Christopher 
Hanning, John 
Juroek, Prosper 
Keeton, J. M. 
Kale, John 
Dowry, Thomas 
McQuaid, L. M. 



2d Segt 
C. Sgt 
Segt. 



Corp. 



Bugler 

Saddl'r 

Bl'k 

Wag'r 

Priv. 



Aug.28,G3^Not musterrd out. 
Mar. G, 64 
Aug.28,63' " 

Dec. 2, 631 



P. 



241 Mar. 
18 Nov 
24 
21 

18 

19 

20 

28 

18 

21 

23 

23 

19 

19 

22 

32 

24 

18 

19 

19 

21 

19 

18 

20 

18 

25 

18 

21 

23 

18 

21 

27 

19 

20 

35 

18 



25,62re-enl. Mar. 25,64 
,8, Gljwoun'dSep. 22,64 
'' re-enl. Jan. 1, 64 



Wnded and jtris. 
Re-enl. Jan. 1, (54 



Re-enl. Mar.25,64 
Re-enl. Jan. 1, 64 

WoundcJ and prisoner, 

July 24 "64. 
Woiindeil ana prisoner 

May 111, 'tVI. 

Re-enl. Jan. 1, 64 



\Vf)iindp<l and prisoner 
May 111. 'I'l. 

Re-enl. Jan 1, 64 



Wmindcil and prisoner 
May 111. "hi. 

Re-enl. Jan. 1, 64 



itioucii. 



MK^uaia, C. W. Priv. i:e-enl. Jan. 1,64 



.1 



Murpin 



' ''•■4M Ma 

' Ke-tnl. Jan. l,*jA 

^ . << «< 

f J. nil W. Ko-<'nl. Jan. 1.C4 

.1.. J. F. • . .... 

\\., nuol '* -; " 

W V W . " -J 

W'eWii, .iantf-^ " 

DiMrliarptl. 

Ilerrnld John J_ r DU. Ort. !«.•«. 

Nixon, John *' JT '' "" ** '^ 

Kby«, Andrew 41 - 

Tmnofirrc'd 

War«l, .Mrxaiidtr l-tSirfJ? I'ro. 2nd Lt. Co A 

Morptn, |->Iwar ; in-.i.CM«.co.E. 

Dit.l. ' 

iJIack, lUnj. W l'n\ . J.; S<' doatli ndl. 

I;«jImi,(;. ( . " l,s 

I>»wry. Ihivid ('. Corp. 22 ** " 

I/owrv, Coiirtnrv I'riv. 2l| ** I " " 

iJurjci'***. Wrii. lV * :J7.\ii};.2H,fi.T 

lU'iny, William Is .Iun,..*J(»,G:i 

JarkM.n, John .1 2lMar. <;,(»4 

De-M-rtrd. i j 

Kefton, .I<.|iii .1. " 22 Nov.«, Gl '•'"«• »•••'. i"*^*". 

r..w«rt.. Ihiiil \'. ♦' 22 1 >»•<•. 2:{,«i2 '•""''*'•"••'•"** "^ 

Harthofl, Azariah I ** :V2 Nov. 8. fir^"""*^-"- >«"^« 

lV«k«iiiKui^'l», 1{. ' " lMAnp.2H,«:r '"•►■'•'"''• »'~*-*° 

MulUn»«. John H. " 2»; l)«f. 2, «;{« •"►Toiwd, r^b ». « 

H«iyir, .X-hi I •* IM Nov. «, «i I ''•'^"''""« •'"'''•*•'*« 

Ha'tlifl, Pariii- •* 21 Frb 20,«H '"••"•»"•«•>'•'■ '^ m 

Null, FraiH-is .M. " 2l|Nov. 8, (Jiji"«rk'r.i.uf«, Jui, is. m 

Ihirikl*-, .\riio^ *• !<♦; '• - .„ , t.,,...!. J..i> •. -.• 

A(.pr.t'atf 117 I, Mil. 



.1. ll 







24 Co.**E" Sit'oml lU'^iincDt Cavalry — (^'ontimiec'. 



Nai 



ShcKMuakiT, .1. H. 
Si»-|ihin^, ,]o^. \{. 
Tliuiua'', .lohii \V. 
NVirker-haiii, IV 
WmviT ( ii-orj;' 

lu-t-nilf-. 
AlUrry, Klcliani 
AllR*rrv, A. 
Allu-rrv, .Ins4>|i|i 
IVMuM.r.. .1. A. 
Jiill. .Siniiirl 
Kfllisiti), M. 
Li\ iiij;-tnn, .1. I>. 
Martin. A. T. 
Nrc( Jniw, Wm. 
Morris, I'liilip 
MrKlluiiy. S. C. 
Nixon, Wiiliain 
NrWsoinr, K. M. 
I'aliiur. ( u'o. li. 
Kolliii, Franklin 
Hollin.x, .lo!>t|th 
Trout, .lanjcs H. 
Vincent, Win. .1. 

V«'t«'rans. 
Fislnr, Klisha 
Hurro\\>, .lanuvH 
lioyjl, .lanir.H 
Vansickl"', A. 
K<»Un, Danifl 
Allnrry, .lolm 
(■ol)urn, H. L. 
MrCartv. Wm. 11. 
RoliinMtii, .lust ire 
Hooker, W'rn. H. 
(JillM-rt, Koht. H. 
1 1 ay I'M, Oliver 
Kinjr, Martin, S. 
M«'(iratli. (iforj^ 
Oliver. ANx. 
lMiilli|iH. Kirhanl 
lii»Hj(, 'riiotiiaM 
Shafcr, Jolin 



Buk. 



I'riv 



Ur llmlk* 



r^ 



Mubtercd out. 



_<( •mil. 

|1H| 

•J I .Mar. *J, «;i 
21 .Ian. .'i. t;j 

|ix.lun»;{o,«;.{ 

IH K.I. '2i\,(\i 

ihS.|.i i4,r>;{ 
ji8l)ec. 2a,<»:i 

|;JM .Ian. .'), tJ4 
iH.Iunf'i, G.*i 
29 .Ian. .'), «4 
27 S<|.t. l.H.i 

2;{ hrc. .3i.<;;i 

|2U,.lunL';K),G;i 
1 22 

fo'Mar .^1,64 
.-i.Man. J. «;i 



(5} Xt>t niu-. out. 



iQ M S 
Sgt 

It 

Corp. 



W atn'r. 

IViv. 



18 

35 

44 

26 

24 

19 

22 

20 

20 

2' 

I ■ 

lb 

19 

19 

19 

22 

18 

18 



Nov. 8, 61 Rc-onl. .Ian. «;, 04 
Hc-«nlNov. 2( ).(].} 



'lii-iiii. .Ian. <;,(;! 

i:. -, nl N..v.2(»,(*.;^ 
|{. -< 111. .l:iM C. CI 



Co. "E" Second Regiment C-ivalry — Continned. 25 


Names. 


Kiink. 


6t 


Whfii muHtiTcil KiiikuUh. 






< 


into HiTvicM'. 




Smith, John 


Priv. 


IS 


Nov. 8, 61 


Re-enl Nov. 20,63 


Smith, Jacob 


(( 


18 


<< 


• • •. 


Spencer, Geo. J. C 


(( 


19 


i( 


.. Jan. 6, 64 


Williams, Peter 


(( 


23 


<( 


.. Nov. 20, 63 


Benson, Calvin 


u 


32 


(1 


.. 


Discharged. 






a 




Ankrom, JosejJi 


i( 


42 


11 


Fordis. Septl6,62 


Ankrom, Andrew 


(( 


23 


(( 


.. 


Calwell, James 


(( 


18 


a 


.. Aug. 62 


Davis, George 


(( 


44 


ii 


.. Oct. 62 


Graw, John W. 


<( 


28 


<( 


l!y (;. CM. Kcl.. l.H. r.2 


Hart, Josiah M. 


i( 


44 


(( 


Fordis. Mar.l 63 


llallcraft, Elijah 


u 


42 


« 


.. Oct. 62 


McQuaid, Eli 


it 


40 


'< 


.. Sept 16, 63 


McGwigan.AVm. E 


n 


36 


li 


.. Nov. 11, 62 


Moore, John W. 


ti 


18 


i( 


Diiti'iind cause unknown. 


Sweatland, Joel G. 


(( 


46 


u 


For dis, June 62 


Troymau, Josc])h 


u 


28 


a 


.. Oct. 62 


Woodvard, John E 


li 


26 


ii 




Woodyard, T. W. 


a 


19 


u 




Died. 










Smith, Wm. 


Corp 




Nov. 8, 61 


See death roll 


Humpfield, Ed. 


Bugler 




u 




Burdett, Silas A. 


Priv. 




(( 


.. 


Chaplin, John L. 


n 








Durbin, Samuel A. 


(( 




Nov. 8, 61 




Filkill,\Vm. H. 


a 




u 




Hartford, Wm. M. 


i( 




l< 




Irwin, Justice 


i( 




(( 


.. 


Orr, Wm. W. 


n 




ii 




Worman, Franklin 


(I 




ii 




Phillips, George 


u 




Apr. 5 64 




Transferred. 










Ong, Oliver C. 


1st Sgt 


20 


Nov. 8, 61 


Pro. 2nd Lt Co F 


Deserted. 










Bradley, Patrick 


a 




a 


Camp Piatt Fdi. '.i, M. 


Eades, Cieo. W. 


a 






.. Jan. 5, 64 


Parr, John J. 


a 




Nov. 8, 61 


At WestonAV.Va. 


Hamilton, Isaac 


u 




Aug.28,63 


(iallipoliH.liiiic ITi'.l 



Aggregate, less received from other Cos 106 men. 



CCIIPAriY F. 



so.tt.oiivirH. r. •• 

Millani, (iriirp* \>-l I- 
F«»rt»'x*up, Win.M 
St«'|»ln*ns, Ll«<vill 
On-^'. OlivtT ('". ::ml 1. 

I'tititiiiitrtoii, II. II. S^t 
Sluirji, Tlntina- ' 
.h'ukitv-, Sziiiuii'I Corp 
HnMikc, Ilrnrv 1{. 
n.KTV, Win. '[\ Priv 
I'.IUon, I-iali 
( Irav, .lor-liua 
Ilari..loliii 
Ilirinan, ( has. A. " 

M«t<alf. .Ins«j»ll 

Mill.T. Klhri.lp- 
Smilh, Win. .\. 
SiriMix', IMiilliji 



J N..V. r.M;i RrsM Mav .'>. (,2 
.\..v. S (il .. lU.r.'2.1, C'i 
l*ro. (apt. 
Pro. Capt. I 



iMunan, 



»ainiU' 



Wtir. Win. C. 
C'aHM'II, \\ in. K. 

Ki'cruitK. 
r.arkcr. .lu.-iali W 
nalleiij:«'r, .I:iin»> 
( 'niinin^:liain. A. .1. 
Drval, Sainnd 
( irav. 'rii<iMi:H 
Mall. Li'inaii 
Hall. I-aar 
II oil man. A. .1. 
1 1 lint, Kdwiti I 

Lan^'lfv, NirhuIuHi 
Li^lit, Ili'iiry 
Lillv, I'lca.^nt H.' 
Lillv,(;ro. W. 
Lain-, .lojin 1*. i 
.M'lnnrtt, ( u•or^^^■ 
.Mnrplly, .Idlin 
.Mr:ii|«(\vK, ( 'n-«'«I 'I 
MiailuWH, Will. 
.Mamii. lliirali*) 



•'s 



jllrv'il italc iiiikhuwn 

'Pris. May 12. <:2 
Nov, Hh;i MiiHt<r<M| out 

\'r\>. N..V. 10, (;3 
Mii-trnMl out 

WnM May 10. JJ 1 
.Miistin m1 out 



l> 
'2\ 



Sppt.20,<;i 

Nov.I!»,«;i WnM S«'i.t. O, (>l 
" .Mu>ttn <1 <iut 



ItraaTli^l (rxlti liillllnr) 
plixili. 



.lulv 8, G3 N(»t fniisttTc*! out. 
.Inii.-'Jit.C.'V 

S.pt.'Jlt,«''- 
.Ian. .'», <>4 
Au^r.28,«;:i 
.luncL'JJ.G.". 



Nifi 



loll*, 



William 



ll ( )rt. lO.G'J 

•_t; I'.l.. 'J0.G4 
is. I lino 2'.m;.'1 
22')ct. 10, (12 
21 n.'c. 2X,<;2| 

I )<••■. 2H.:)2 

< )<'t. lo,«;:5 

< )rt. lo.i;.; 
\iij; 2S.(i;; 
Vii;; 2M.«;;i 
I >rc. 2M.i;;5 

^ Oct. U), 02 



Co. ''F" Second lieo-inu'iit Cavalry— Contiinicd. 



Naiiios. 


Kaiik. 


u 


Wlii'ii iiniHtprcd 


nomnrkii. 








iiitd Kfivicc. 




Ormsby, .ranies 


Priv 


19 


Oct. 1, 62 




Ray, Saniiu'l 


u 


19 


•• 


. . 


Smith, Jacob 


u 




Sept 29,63 


.. 


Stryers, Jehu 


<( 


19 


June 29,63 




Spoon er, Cyrus M. 


u 


.31 


Jan. 5, 64 




Walters, Geo. K. 


u 




Sept 29,62 




Whitehill, Kesin 


l< 




•• 




Yickcry, Azell K. 


a 


28 


Aug. 28 6.3 




Veterans. 










McYey, Samuel 


IstSgt 




Nov. 8 61 


Ke-eul. Jan. 1, 64 


Dearner, John F. 


2m Sgt 


:]H 


Nov. 19 61 




Kckleberry, M. 


Com S 


20 






Harris, Samuel 


Segt 


24 






Wilson, Wm. 


u 


21 


.. 


.. . . 


Sanford, Geo. P. 


Corp'l 


20 


,, 


. . 


Nickel, James ]>. 


(( 


24 


,, 




Wright, Amos 


li 


21 


,, 




Alton, Milton 


it, 








Ellis, Lindlay F. 


i( 


21 




.. 


Leasure, Ephraini 


a 


21 






Jenvey, Geo. K. 


Bugler 


18 


.. ' 




Morgaragc, D. J. 


n 


19 




.. 


Stutes, David 


IJliUk- 

Kiiiith 


30 






Dyer, Charles 


<( 


18 


,, 


.. 


Papp, John 


Sadd'r 


33 


,, 


., 


Walker, Andrew 


Wag'r 


35 


,. 




Andrews, Marcel 


Priv 








Brooks, Joseph 


a 




.. 


.. 


Biggers, Wilson S 


a 




.. 




Bartlett, Calvin 


u 


28 






Byers, James F. 


u 


20 






Byers, William A. 


a 


18 






Clifford, Samuel 


a 








Cronley, Paul F. 


(( 


23 






Cowce, Seneca A. 


(( 


21 






Darby, Thomas 


(( 


21 




.. 


Dyer, John 


a 


21 






Freek, John F. 


a 


22 






Goodwin, John A. 


u 


22 


.. 




Hankinson, H. J. 


n 


19 






Hall, Jonathan 


a 


22 


.. 




Hays, James M. 


i( 




.. 


.. 


King, John 


(( 


21 


•• 


.. 



28 I w. F" StfonJ Reginu'iit Cavalry — ContiiiiuHl. 



lUnk. 



IjiUfrlitTy, Thorn. I*riv 
I^ivf, Siloniitn 
Limiii, tiacuh 
Mains, Simon 
^lainM, Klijah 
M.At.f. \Vn.. 
MrDri.l. .Inl.n.I. I " 
Mallory .lolm^oii | " 
iViiulK', Martin i 
Pyli., (ii-o. 1). " 

HnpTS. (icorpc I *' 
Itanl.n, Win. II. " 
Uanlrn. W. 11. H. " 
Ku^>. Dani.l 
Kink. (if.,. W. 
\N liyili", .lanws , " 
Colv<in. h^Iward i " 

I)i?-(lKir^(Mi. 
IN-rry Arnistronj; Corp. 
Hvtrs, .lolin A. I'riv. 
Hill, .lanus U. 
Hn>lion Joscpli " 

Cornelius, (Jcorp* " 
I>ozor, Lyman I '* 

FislnT, .Inslllia " 

( ianliirr, .laiin-s 
Kanit-n, .lacolt C, 
StodilanI, Milton 
Sifjnor, Tljonia.s 
\N'arn<r. < •«•«». I*. 
IhinliTMM), Win, 
Dir.i. 

BoIfM, .lu-cj(|i M 

Kit/|»atri<k, Jolui 
Il4»wi'll, l^aac { 

IVrry, James W.I 
S'ott, KriM-inan I 
Taylor. .lo-i pli 1*. 
l'atlnrK, Clia«. .1. 

TranHfirnMl. 
Weir, (ivu. K . 
Cliwe. Clias. ( '. 
Mi<lli(<ilt, .lolin 



* Wlim niutiritxl 
^ I lulu arrYlcB. 



18Xov.l9,Gl Uo-cnI. .Ian. 1. r,\ 
18 



20 
22 
20 
29 

18 
18 
22 
22 
22 
19 
21 
19 
18 



23 
22 
20 
22 

21| 





_ 1 


t( 


24 


«< 


33 


H 


45 


1 


38 


1 


38 




Om 



For (lisal)ilit' 



*2(>Xov.l9,Gl 
lJ»;i).c 23, G'i 
'JllAnjr 2H,(;3 
IS 

MS N..v.iu,<;i 



Sec (Icatli roll 



J I Nov !!»,(; I Fro. 1st Lt. Co. I 

•J.*| 'iVo.'Jnd Lt.Co.lI 

Friv. I2ul Fro. Und ht. Co.(J 



1st S 



Co."F" Second Regiment Cavalry — Continued. 20 



NaiiicH. 


Ilaiik. 


M Wll.-ll 
■^ into 


iiiiiHt<>riMl 

wrvii-c. 


K.iimrUH. 


Deserted. 


Priv. 






Akdiier, William 




20 Oct. 


10, 02 At Cami) I'iatt 


Baaz, Samuel 








a .(. 


Snodo-rass, Joseph 




1 8 Nov 


.li»,01 


U (( 


Langley, Harvey 




18; 


u 


At Ciiarleston 


Lowery Alvia 




27! 


u 


u u 



A ggrcgate 120 men. 





COMPANY G. 




Xiiincs. Iliiiik. 1 


M 


Whi'ii iiHistcrcd 


Ki'iiiiirk.s. 






< 


into service. 




McMahon, John 


Capt. 


48 


Nov. 8, 01 


l'n». Maj. Dee..",!. 'iC. 


Smith, Jasper A 


i( 


27 




Res'nd May 14, (53 


Ankrom, Joseph 


n 


29 




Trans, from Co. E 


Montgomery, Geo. 


1st Lt. 


22 




Res'nd Feb. 24,63 


Medlicott, John J. 


u 


20 




Dis. Sept. 27, 64 


Davidson, Jerm'ii 


2d Lt. 


27 




Pro. 1st Sgt Co E 


('aiii})l)ell, Alberta 


u 


23 




I'll), from 1st Si.'t. Co. A. 


Zehring, Freder'k 


1st Sgt 
Q.M.S. 


29 




Mustered out 


Arthur, Caleb 


81 




u u 


Lunsford, Wni. 


Sgt. 


22 




il il 


Meljaughlin, E.D. 


u 


86 


a 


U ii 


Abslier, John 


Priv. 


27 


a 


ii ii 


Anderson, Boyd 


u 


35 




ii ii 


Ashcroft, Smith 


(( 


44 




ii li 


r>utU'r, eTames E. 


a 


43 




ii ii 


Harron, Thomas, 


>i 


22 




ii ii 


Harron, Richard 


(I 


20 




w nd'd July 4, 63 


De 1 a n ey , Ed m u n d 


i( 


20 




Mustered out 


Daley, John 


n 


19 




MissiiiK in Actcn, Oct. 'J "iVI 


Flynn, John 


a 


30 




Mustered out 


l-'arer, Daniel 


ii 


18 




Trans, from Co. 1 1 


(lardner, Samuel 


li 


23 




Slissingiu actiuu Dec. 11, 
ISIill. 


(n)lden, .John 


u 


18 




MiHsingiu action Aug. 21, 

ISlVl. 


(Jlenn, William 


a 


22 




Trans, from Co.H 


Iloaley, John 


ii 


36 




Missing in action 'S\:\\ .-, 

iMill. 


King, Mark 


u 


23 




Mustered out 


liUnsford, Levi 


a 


20 




li il 


]>unsford, Andrew 


a 


40 




ii il 


McMahan, Jacks'n 


n 


27 




u u 


Uiter, rhillip 


a 


19 




a a 


[{itchey, ( Jeo. B. 


u 


34 




ii li 



.,n ( (J" ScciMitl luL'iiMiiit Cavalry — CVtiitintit'il. 

Uemarko 



Ct.rpM 
I»riv. 



Siillivun, Jfrry jPriv. 
ThnK-kiiiortuii, B.i 
Wliiit, (ii'or^if 
Warmki'. Au«;ii>; 

KiH-niits. 
iKiniii. Nifhola> 
Atkiii.H, KuljiTt 
lllatlklMl^llip, tl:i>. 
('Iiri>liaij i^Miimy 
Cniij:. INttr 
KKK-rkin. .Ia«kson 
Harris. I)avi«l 
ll«.\vi'll, Silas 
.lolinstiiti, James 
Kill;;. .lames 
Kin;;, .loliti 
Ma>M"V, .)aiiU'> 
Mann. ( nU'\> 
( )«lMirn, .Innics 
Kartt-rty, Tiioinns 
Uousry, Situiii'l 
Smith, William 
'ro(|<l, .lanjfs 
Williams, S:inui«'!| 

Wtcraijs, ( 

A>lirrart. .lusjuia (,).M.S. 
Ku<U, .lamfs 
Man.KI, ThmI 
Lnnsford, llio 

.Inlic- .I(».-c|»ll 

Waits, ( '<»nra«l 
KiniT, Alex 
I'avnc, .lamrs 
( 'avi', Aijuilla 
■( '«»alr>, ( M'or;;*' 
Kislnr, An;,Mist 
Duct/, Jdlin K. 
rnuu'k, .lolin 
l»n'«'«liiij;, .Iamr> 
Iturkf, rimma' 
HriinT. < ii-or;;*' 
Iturk, hariiis S. 
l(ariiliar<lt. 'lam* 



,.7 Nov. 
1311 



>i:t. 



21 JllM. 

\U 

iHl'VI). 
2ll 

IHSi'j.t. 
IS. Inn. 
ja.liin. 
IS. Inn. 

IS. Fun. 

IS. Mar. 

IS .Inni' 

•J.Mnlv 

•jOl'Vli. 

IS I'Vl.. 

2()!A|)r. 

.'{2Sr|.t. 

2(i,()c-t. 

20 

21 



W . 





J') 


Corp'l 


20 


., 


21 




20 




21 




18 




2S 


nni,'k.r 


2M 


Sa.ll'r 


2.j 


liU'k- 


'>7 


■ititiii 


ti 1 


,, 


20 


IViv. 


IM 



8, Gi;Mu8tereil out 

;Trmu>. (r«iii «'«. II. wnuiiil- 
• I «IJiil> Jt. IM. 

Miisttrt'tl <int 



2, i't'l Sol mu-ti rt 'I (iiil. 



1 '.».»;:. 1 raii>. Ir.Mii ( u.ll 

7. (14 Wh.lM Oct. 1, <;i 
•> 1 *;•{>•'"•'«'« "• «■ ciMii <•, I, I. 

*'•"> (j'{ M'""'!; •"• ii'ii.'ii .iiih I. 
10, 02 Trans. Co. II 
2.'),0.'{ Not mustered (uit. 
27, (M 

S, O.'J iVaii^ from ( "o II 
22,0;5 

2. o;v 

27,0.'{ Not innstcrcd out 
27,0.5 Trans Iroin Co II 
1 , O.'I Not mustcrcti (»ut 
10, Ol' rran> in.m C.. II 
S, (11 



Wm.IM Oct IS, 01 
Itc-cnl Dec 2.'). 0:5 
Uc-cnl l-\ b 0, CI 
lle-cnl l)ec2.j, 0;5 



MImIiiit ill M< lion 

jKo-elil I'<1> 0, (il 
iKc-cnl .Ian A,r,4 
jKc.cnl Dec 2.'.. o;{ 

pii'-.lli.' I. lira). <>■ I. •.« 

,Ki'-cnl .Ian 0, 01 

iMIxliii: Hi K.ltoli <KI. X, «>s 

IJcMul Dec 2.^), o;i 



KJo' 
I - 



Co. "G"Secon(l Regiment Cavalry — Continued. :]\ 



w Wlicn niiiHtorcd Kciimrk« 

*< into Hi-rvice. 



Doran, \\'n). P 

Delanoy, Artluir 
Dunfield, John 
Dailey, Jamci>s 
(ioodtcUow, John 
Harinan, White 
Ilarvv, Jolm 
Ililluii-n, .[ohn 
Morford, Jnlien R. 
Morford, John R. 
Marekel, James 
McCaslin, Geo. 
Patterson, James 
Sullivan, Dennis 
Sloan, (xranville 
Wood, William 
Yates, Biddle 

l)iijehar<j;ed. 
An<:;el, Henry 
Barrett, INFiehael 
Reals, Wm. 
Reals, Isaac 
Evans, Kdwaixl 
Green, Wm. I). 
Sullivan, Jeremiah 

Died. 
Lunsford, Pressley 
Dnndan, John 
Mc(\)nnell, James Corp 
Clayl)an(!;h, Jacob Bugler 
Dnnfield, George Priv 
Doran, Edward 
Harvey, Albert 
Miller', Matthew 

Transferred. 
Hoover, James 

Deserted. 
McDonough, M. Priv 
Saunders, Patrick 
Syurs, James 
Sheaver, John 
Deerman, Wm. 
Mankius, Robt. 
' Aggregate less received 



■28 
23 
25 
•;•; 

44 

18 

;U 

32 
18 
19 
18 
28 
24 
18 
30 
18 
24 

23 
U» 
37 

28 
27 
40 
43 

20 
21 
27 
33 
21 
24 
18 
26 

21 

22 
21 
23 
18 
17 
18 



Nov. 8, 61 



xVng. 7, G3 

Nut iiiii,;tiTiMi 



Re-enl .Ian 4, (i3 
Re-en 1 Dee 25, (;3 
Rc-cid Feb (), (54 
i.ie-eul Dec 25, 03 

Re-enl Feb (i, (> 1 
lle-cnl Jan 4, (11 
Re-enl Dee 25,(53 



Re-enl. Jan. (5, 04 
Re-enl. Dec. 25,03 



I) is. Oct. 28, 03 
Dis. Dec. 25, 02 
Dis. June 15, 03 
Dis. June 25, 03 
l>y order See. war 
For disability 

Kor ilistiliilily .Iiiuc :;o, C,?, 

See death roll 



To Qm. Dei)t. 

I'iiiiip I'iatt I'cli. 17. 1.;; 

Cliarksti.n, July :., (14 
Cliaik'ston, July 1", <>1 
Ijowinburg, June 2S, (i4 
lM:irtiii5liui;;, July L'l, r.j 



from other Ce's lOl men. 



32 



COMPANY H. 



Rank 



Dovf. huvia Capi. J-J Nov. 8, 01 

l'in|»K'l»v, Jus. A li«>' 

Kirk.T.Al.x II ;;«jMuv18,«:{ 
Wal.Kii. .Fuliii iM Lt.2:VNov. 8, (il 

Itirkir, .laiiu's W. 20 

Sh.KiimkiT, (J. W. 2d Lt. 22 
Clicf. Clisirl.v- V. 
I/oiulfrluifk, A. 
WtM'il, (Vtluinlius 

Tarr, Al«»n/.o 



( 'ojp 



'2:\ 

!2:. 
2> 

'IX 

:J2 



Pro. Lt. CV.l. 
Trails, to Co. I) 
.MlLsttTtil out 
Kt'K Oct 22, 04 

l*ri>. (rum :niil l.i. t ti. A 

Killr.1 May 2, G3 

I'l.. Jr. .Ill Ul cu'l, t .. K. 

.Mi»!-t«'ri*il out 



Clurrin^ton. 1), N\ I{ii^ltT28 

I^.vrjoy, Paul M. •.V'V.l 33 
(ir«iH.oiiian, .V. A. ,Priv. 25 

I>:uki'V, .lujiiirctlia, .. 30 

Mi-Miiliii, An.lrtw' .. 21 

Smith, .Iona.>i ' .. 18 

W'ormau, Thomas ' .. 33 

Kecrnits. 

Baxter, Ftlix J. .. 28 

Hrowii, (u't). W. ,24 

Cutlip, .laim-H I). .. 23 

(•utli|., A. K. .. 22 

('o»i|HT, lialid .. IH 

Kl>\vi(k, Ki.Hdell .. 38 

Fonl, .loliii .. 25 

Ilaiina, SamiU'I j .. 28 

HalfiMimv, L<\vis 22 

Hiitrhiiisoii, ,1. A. 25 

Katly, William , .. |37 

Kimii.-otj, K. (I. .. 22 

Kirk,. lam. s 'is 

Ijiih', Wiliiam II. IS 

I^iii.hrs, All.n T. .. 18 

Morion, C. \V. T. 2U 

.Morton. PaM-hair. .. 18 

Mav-y, M. i;{ 

Mrnt-r. L» vi .1. VI 

Kapp, .Iob4'ph A. 24 

Siiiiili, ( lonloii .'Id 

Smiih, Kli^ha ix 

.Stvp«'H, SamiH'l \S 

Sill.-. Isiar .1. 22()rt. 10. 01 



W.,uu<l<-I al KUIitr'. Ilia 

."•••III . SJ. i.| 

.Mnstwrcd out 



I'licoiitT ulnJo July U, «S 

Mii-t('rr<l out 



-Vug. — <;3 Not mnstrnd out 

Oc-t. io,«;2 

Jiily22,G3 

Mar. 21,04! 

Oct. 1 0^ 0*'" """•'• ■'^'•' " 

.Inly 7, 03 Not nuistcrc<l out 



.Inly 22, 03p^""""'-* '*••••••-•"' 

Oct'. 10,02 Not muftcrcjl out 

Kcl). 27,04 

Mar. 24,04! 

Dec. 23,02| 

Oct. 10, 021 " " 



Apr. 24, (J3 
A UK' 12,03 
Au^r. 7,02 
Oct. 10,02 
Mar. 22,04 



Co. '*H" Second Regiment Cavalry — Contiuiied. 



:33 



NaincH. 

Sutton, Joseph J. 
Williams, S. P. 
Williams, John 
Williams, Henry 
Williams, Alfred 
Woolwine, Jacob 

Veterans. 
Kramer, Martin 
Marshman, II. H. 
McMillin, E. 
Hammons, R. T. 
Howe, Jefferson 
Nickle, Harrison 
Stewart, Geo. A. 
Hull, Renheii E. 
Spurrier, Wm. 
Philley, A. T. 
Bartoe, David 
Hoover, Nathaniel 
Cherrington, D. W 
Branson, Chas. W. 
Alton, John 
Brunton, Wni. 
Ellis, Pierson V. 
Flowers, A. J. 
Fullertou, G. W. 
Garret, Albert B. 
Gardner, John I. 
Heniker, Gustave 
Helphenstine,J. F. 
Higgins, Dan'l W. 
McArron, Wm. J. 
McKeever, Thos. 
McMillin, ?^lnrrav 
McCarty, M. 1). ' 
Myers, Joseph 
Miller, Thomas 
Milliken, James 
Owens, Thomas 
Poor, John W. T. 
I'oor, Gabriel T. 
Patton, John 
Radel iff, John >r. 



WIkU IIIUHtiTI'll 

into HiTvitc. I 



SiTt. 



Corj) 



Bugler 

Sadi'r 
Priv. 



2()!Mar. 29,6;i Not mu^ 
20 Oct. 10,62 
Apr. 24,6,S 



Mar. 24,64 
Sept. 10,63 



24 Xov, 

23 

18 

20 

24 

20 

20 

21 

22 

20 

20 

22 

22 

21 

18 

20 

18 

18 

30 

21 

18 

35 

18 

38 

20 

21 

19 

39 

20 

24 

19 

24 

27 

23 

23 

19 



8,61 



out. 



Re-enlXov. 22,63 



Ap;i Ilipspital steward. 

Re-enl Xov.22,63 



I'ris. 

Kf-fiili 



ris, 

l!t-.iil 



Aug. 

lf(l Nov. 



64. 



Oct. 4, 

t.-.l Nov. :: 



64. 



!iJ UfginiC'iu Cavalrv — Coutiniietl. 



> 


Uauk 

1 


* /U hrli uill>lrrv<l lt<-Iliitrk« 


SmlH-rlzin.!. M. ( >. 


IViv 


IS.NoV. H, Gl Kt-riil N..v.'J2.<;.{ 


Smiili, l>sivi«l 


" 


'I'l •' I'ris. Oct. 1, (i4 


Tii»'k»T. Will. 1". 




22 " Ht-iiil. Nov.22,(J3 


\V,-.il.(lia^. M 




)W •' »• o 


\V,Htl. Win II 




- 1 Woiin'd A |ir. 1 ,'■>"» 


Wil!i>.(Vni- 11 




•ji 1 


I'ro. to rurjt'l 


l)i>4liari:itl. 








.Iuii»'>, l)2ivi«l K. 1. 


< "orp. 


|24 


Date unknown. 


Kiriil>aii^li.lo|iiiIl. 


I'riv. 


'is 


1 i|i » tit li.itM 11- 1 ..rpii» 


DU.I. 








SiMHiiiakrr, it. W. 


Lt. 




•' 


.S-i- .i.alli roll. 


Uurn>i.l.-. Will. 11. 


Si'gt. 


22 


(( 


.. 


(Jar.l.Sntt 


Corp. 


19 


(t 


a 


lir.t..u>. William 


Priv. 


21 


t( 


>( it 


("laar, SniiiUfl 


'• 


19 


(( 


It t( 


FaiiT>, < '\ re mis H. 


<i 


18 


«( 


" 


(larviii, \\'m. 


it 


20 


t( 


.. 


(loil.lanl, IVtiT 


>> 


18 


(( 


'• 


Hal.-. <;iM.. w. 


" 


18 


<( 


.. 


llanliii^..I<>si'|»li .1. 


•• 


22 


11 


t. i< 


.Iaiii«*s, .lolin U. 


>< 


2r> 


11 


• t (t 


MillliofV, .laf.il) IV 


" 


18 


(( 


i« (( 


Morton, Tiio*.. r. 


" 


2;{IS<.pt. 2, G3 


(< « 


MotiiT, 1 -aar 




.UOct. 10, (J2 


K 


Prim, iJiiij. 




2;iNov. 8, (jl 


it it 


Sim|)>oii, ( M'o. \\ . 




18 


ti 


it ii 


Smitli. .laiius 11. 




20 


(( 


it t. 


WlT«l, AlltllTW .1 . 


'• 


20 


t( 


" 


Woriiiaii, ( '. 


" 


;J6 


(< 




WixMiniiii, •lamr> 


•• 


2r,s..pt.n,fi3 


.. 


iJaM.i. .1. .\1. 


" 


noct. io,(;2 


it t( 


Traii^ttrnMl. 










Siuii^i, .la.-jnr A. 


.^;rt • 


27 


Nov. 8, «1 I'n.. l>t Lt. (\. K 


Hawk, Sjiimu'i S. 


(( 


19 


(( 


Pro. 1st Lt. Co.l. 


(niijr, l*.t«'r II. 


IViv. 


18 Oct. 10,(52 


TrniiH 1.. ><• 1. \i<i .«' i.i 


FarriM. 1 >a:iirl S. 




18 Nov. 8, (>1 




(Jiiiiii. W.ii. W. 


" 


.)•) •• 


" 


Iloojl-V, .lollll 


" 


;;ti 


it It 


.Ioll||^lo||, .1. W. 


.. 


;i5()ct.lO,62 


.. 


Moor.-, M. 




201 " 


.. 


MaMM'V, .lanu'K D. i 


«• 


1 81.1 iin. 18,(5:} 




Maiiii.' ('al.l> M. 


" 


22.liilv22.<;;5 




( 'Klioni, .laiiirs 1 1 . 




20 


Ffi>. 2«i,«;.'{ 





Co. "PI" Second Ivcjrinu'iit ( avalrv— Coutimiotl. ;3.j 



Nanifs. 


Rank. 


3; 


Wlion iitiiHtiM'i^d 


15 


'iii:irk-ti. 






"^ 


into «fivicf. 






Kousc'v, Samuel 


I'riv. 


28 


Apr. 17, 03 


>( 


u 


Throckmortin, 15. 


u 


31 


Nov. 8, 01 


a 


a 


Todfl, James V. 


a 


20 


Sent. 1, 03 


i( 


u 


Williams, S. P. 


u 


2H Oct. 10, 02 


(( 


u 


Deserted. 










Pep])ers, (reo. W. 


ii 


21 Nov. 8, ()1 


(iliyiilirlctl 


', lii;. 


Stanton, Osear C 


i( 


35 Dec 23, G 2 


lic'IIKIIIIlt ( 


'amp, Oct. I.".,!;!, 



Aggregate 121* men . 

COMPANY I. 



Hehan, Newton J. 
Fortesctie, W. M. 
Ncal, John W. 
Weir, (leo. K. 
Johnston, Wm. Y 
Hawk, Samuel S. 
Lowe, John A. 
Carlisle, J. B. 
Dudley, Daniel 
Prescott, Charles 
Carr, A. W. 
Hamilton, David 
Cammell, Henry 
Allen, Tiewis D. 
Berrv, T. P. 
Da-vson, Wni. 
Hawk, Vanson 
Jones, Junius M. 
Jobes, William 
Leyshon, Wm. 
Lowes, John H. 
Lee, Harrison P. 
Fiowry, John 
Lowden, (ieo. W. 
l^/owden, Thomas 
Miller, Wm. 
Owens, William 
Rice, Lewis 
Terrijl, John 



liaiik. 


S 


Capt. 


22! 


11 


28 


1st Lt. 


34 


u 


21 


(( 


25 


>^ 


21 


2d Lt. 


30 


u 


21 


Cimi S(.>i,'t. 


46 


Sgt. 


22 


Corp. 


21 


u 


25 


Hii-lcr. 


21 


Priv. 


24 


" 


22 


.< 


24 


i( 


24 


i i 


23 


a 


32 


>c 


23 


ii 


19 


a 


27 


u 


25 


u 


23 


ii 


21 


('. 


21- 


a 


43 


'■ 


24- 


'• 


•251 



Wlii'ii iiinstcri'd 
iiiti) siTvicf. 



Nov. 8, 01 Pes. Get. 23,02 

I'rofn.m IkI I.t (n I''. 

Res. May 5, '02 

Killc'J fii'pt. IJ, 'ill'. 
I'ro to ('apt Co A. 
Pro. from 1st Sgt 0« U. 
Res Sopt 3i», TiL'. 

Pris'Sept 14, 03. 
Mustered out 

a ii 

Pris. Sej)t. 14, 03. 
Mustered out 



Pris. Sept. 14, '03 
Mustered out. 
Pris. Sept. 14, 03. 
Mustered out 
Pris. Sept. 14, 63. 

it u 

Mustered ()ut 



' i»/*l Jjcruiul Kcgiiiunt Cavalry— Ctuitimud 



lUuk. 



Tli(Mii|iMiii, Va\. IViv. 

'ril<l||l|».Ml|l, Jll>. " 

\Vu«lr, Kims 

l{«.rrnit>. 
IjiVfiiil.T, .loliii S. (\»r|». 
JiiitliT, William Priv. 
Hiirltatian, .laiiu's 
lioiu'. Win. M. •« 

Itoiif, DiHtor II. 
liuliii, lfV.ui<-is M. 
dinr, Liiiiiicl .1. 
Coi'iiil, Keiiljin 
C«iriK't, .lanil) 
("arr, .lolm C. 
( 'uiiilry, .hu'ob A. I *' 
1 >uiiltar, Tlit'o. " 

Umiijjlirt'y, Geo. ! " 

llollsi* KlllttTt 

Ilnrtlfii. KitlianI 
•laroH', Will. 
I.a.\, rhoiiias 
Loiijr, Anliil)al(l ** 

LuWr-. lliuliias " 

Mil nail. William ' " 
M.II.iiry. Ii.»l)t. •' 

Mill.-s, AiKltr.Hoii '* 

McCh-ary. .1. 
Maliala, .Iissi- j •» 

Maliala, Win. | " 

Mra<i<»\\s, .1 ilin ( '.! " 
Millrr. li.nj. 
.Mill.T. .Ia<".l) 
M«( orijiirk, Will 
I'nv>.>lv, Will. 
l'ri.-..Wiii. 
I'rirr, 1 Iiiiiiia« 
Vr'u'v, I)uvi«l 
l*ri«*«', .M(>.*i.-.s 
itoat k, .li'KM- 
H'lark, Tiiiioiliv 

Kul)HI)||, .)tlM>]t|| 

Sir wart, ( lirif*. 

Sui.I,... s,, ..,,,. I 



•• Wlirii inu*lrrr<l 
^ I Itilu arrtltr. 



Uriimrk. 



•»jNov. M,61,Mustrro(l out 

,1 

23!.V|>r.24, 63 Not imi>tin .1 

24 Oct. 10, (J3 

n».\|.r. 12,G;{ 

2.'> .Viig2.S,G;i 

21 1 '* 

2.1 Oct. 10,02 

HI Auj? 2S,03 

25|.Juue30,G4 

23 

18 " 

IH. Mar 4, 04 

24 Dec 23,02 

20' " 

20()ct.lO, 02 

l!)!Aiijr2«,03 

3H()ct. 10,02 

ll>;Aug.28,03| 

18 

18 

Hoc. 23,02 

Oft. 10,02 



Auj,'.28,03 



19 
lU 
28 
'If) 
21 

i;{4 

25 

2i Jiilvlo,0:5 

llN.Mar. I, r,:\ 

l.s \|)r. 24,03 

!!• \|.r.*_'S,0;; 

IJ 
3;) 

!33A|>r30, 03 
12! .Nov. 1, 03 
22 Aiij:.2S.03 

;{2 

AH •• , 

121 Oft. 10, 03' 

i"»()(t. |s.i;:i 



Dill 



Co. "I" Second Regiment Cavalry — Continued. .17 



Sellers', James AV. 
Stiff; Allen 
A^arran, Daniel 
Wiggins, (ieo. W. 
Wills, Macron R. 
Wilson, Charles 
Yonng, S. H. 

Veterans. 
Hicks, Jam(\s W, 
Fountain, W. H. 
Torrance, Alex. C, 
Yeager, AVm. V. 
Reed, Henrv N. 
Fellows, Geo. W. 
Rawling, Richard 
Spencer, Saulcer 
Curtis, Erastus 
Buckner, Wm H. 
Variana, Chas. G. 
I^ush, John E. 
Collins, Joseph 
Glover, Charles 
Hawk,SolomonF. 
Hysell, Gaston 
Stanley, James 
Terrill, Isaac 
Tull, AVm. 
ToMnsend,Wm.E 
Yanclcif, Dorsey 
Willis, John 
Woomar, John 
Discharged. 
Gilliam, David T. 
Jackson, Andrew 
Buckhee,JamesA. 
Bowen, Abednego 
Dennis, John 
Flesher, William 
Hanes, Shelton 
Hicks, John 
Lytton, James 
Saddler, Lewis 
Tij)lady, Edmond 



Priv, 



Wbi'ii nnH<tercd 
i»to service. 



22 Jan. 30, 63 

19|Ang 28,63 
2UJan. 1, 64 
20 

Aug 28,64 
May 1. 64 
July 3, 64 



Ilcniai'kH. 



1st Sgt 

Qm, i^Kl. 

Segt 



Corp. 



Black- 
Biiiith 



Sad'lr 



Priv 



Corp. 

lilack- 
hiiiitli. 

Sad'lr 



18 

24 
23 
24 
27 
24 
25 
20 
28 
23 
23 
26 
20 
21 
20 
•20 
20 
20 
22 
22 
20 
22 
35 
20 

18 
38 
33 



Nov. 8, 61 



Priv. 


23 




18 




21 




18 




30 




38 




23 




32 



Re-enl Xov. 20,63 



Sept. 12 6^ for wouiiils 

Dis. Jan. 19, 63 
Dis. Oct. 19, 62 
Dis. Oct. 9, 62 
Dis. Jan. 9, 63 
Dis. Oct. 18, 62 
Dis. Oct. 15,62 
Dis. Oct. 15, 62 
Dis. Apr. 7, 62 
iDis. July 24, 62 
iDis. Oct. 9, 62 



' 1 "^.'fuiul litiriiiii nt Cavalrv— ( '<»ntimuHl. 



Calvtrt, (itM». W. I*riv. 

IIlMlViT, .lollli \V. ' J 

<>'Hritn. I'linma- 
Park aril. Mvron 
('rant/, Mirhail I'liv. 
Dill. Dnvi.l " 

KjrLMTJi, I^iiac " 

Harris, (.'vru-«- 
Ilrwitt. ('a>|)< I 
Kolurt^., W.K.M. 
Sill. I r, Davi-i 
Kolnrt. Hyruii " 

HoltiiiHin, NN 111. " 

Transftrr* il. 
I'tiliiur, Ili'iirv .1. Sjrt 
<iilliam, IM.' I,. I'riv. 
Ho.vM-r. I'M win A. 
Savrcs H. W. Sjrj 

I.itlU-, Tiio.. (). « 

I)tS4'rtt<l 
Alkrrs, A«laiM Priv. 

lira.li.-y, Silas 
Cliapinan, Win. *' 

Ciinjrrovi*, ( lrorj;« I " 
Laiiil). .Ittlin I " 

Maiikiti. A>lironl , " 
JVicr, Timntliy I *' 
S|M«or. Ilfiny T " 
SkiniHr, .laiiirs " 



tutu X-ltlt 



I>is. a-t. lo, Cil 
l>is. Drr. ;U. 62 

i 

S»M' death r<tll 



,'J() 

.■{•jS-|.t. l.s.(>'j 

21 N«»v. s. i;i 

2o| 

jurNnv. SOI 

.•J7J 

|;U)jJuly 22,«;.l 

j21 N(»i tmis. In Lilthy jirisdti 

24 " Sec death rull. 



18 


N..N 


. s. t;i 




24 






I'm. I'li.l I,t Srpt. 1. fi? 


2."} 






I'to. ;iiil ii»»i*t. Ss'ii Mj) 
.1, ut 


24 




I'ro. llA July 21. )->t 


22 




I{. C. S. X(.V. (J.'i 


27 

'>0 


v.... 


'> 1 i\i 


<^ M. S. Nov. 03 

eimrliiitoii (ippt If, rci 



1 CJ >• <'lilirlra|iill, July |A, M 

O*? "V,,.. v; (I I Mrmltiw llliiff, Juiip 12. (C 

1!) " " " 

"I'A Sr'I»t. 1 S,<!1 '"'"'' '''""• *'■''• '• "• 

r.» Ni.t inns. ^" ''■"«"•• x-'» « 

27 Nov. K, »;i •-,.,. l'....tM«r« M. ^ 

li'Si-pt.ls.C-j '• '< 



Aj:j;n^at« 



I in men. 



COMPANY K. 



:vj 



NilllU'H. 


Kiirik. 




Wbi'ii iiiuHtoroil 
into Rcrviii'. 

Nov. 8, 61 


IteiiiHi'kK 


Kmnums, SiUis H 


Capt. 


Res. Oct 17, 62 


IVrorsxari. K. S. 


(( 


29 


<( 


Pro. from 2ifd Lt 


Yard, William 


1st Lt. 




(( 


Res. Sept. 30, 63 


McNally, John 


a 




a 


Trans, to ( 'o. 1) 


ISIerrill, James M. 


ii 


44 


ii 


Pro. from 1st Sgt 


Walter, Chris. 


2d Lt. 




ii 


Pris. July 63 


Carr, Sto])hcii 


Com. SKt. 


2(5 


ii 


Mustered out 


Morse, John 


Sgt. 


28 


ii 


Pris. July 29, 63 


Ward, John 


(i 


35 


ii 


Mustered out 


Hastings, John 


il 


19 


ii 


a a 


McMackin, John 


(< 


34 


ii 


Wn'd July 4, 63 


Peni, James M. 


Corp. 


44 


a 


Mustered out 


McMackin, Dan. 


Sgt 


2() 


a 


a a 


Calfer, Walter 


Corp. 


35 


a 


Wn'd Julv 29,63 


Sterm, AVm. W. 


a 


29 


ii 


Pris. July 29, 63 


Eramuns,Jacol)H. 


Bugler 


22 


a 


Mustered out 


Prince, John W^. 


Itlilck- 
Niiiitli 


34 


a 


ii a 


Bartler, Isaac K. 


Sad'lr 


25 


ii 


a a 


Clark, Henry 


Priv. 


41 


{( 


Pris. July 64 


Donaldson, A. P. 


n 


27 


ii 


Mustered oit 


Friel, P:dward 


<( 


32 


a 


a a 


Hall, John 


(( 


23 


ii 


ii a 


Kinkaird, James 


a 


32 


a 


ii .1 


McCJregor, M'chl 


a 


27 


ii 


ii a 


Murphy, Ptobt. 


11 


42 


ii 


a ii 


McGlone, Patrick 


a 


31 


a 


ii a 


Mooney, James 


a 


32 


u 


a a 


Milhorne, James 


a 


35 


(( 


Mustered out 


Null, Andrew 


(( 


38 


ii 


ii u 


C^uinn, Thomas 


i( 


2G 


a 


ii ii 


Reed, Samuel 


u 


43 


ii 


ii 11 


Rush, A\'m. 


u 


38 


ii 


ii ii 


Stafford, Matthew" 


ji 


18 


ii 


il ii 


State, James 


iC 


40 


a 


ii il 


Smith, P. M. C. 


(( 


21 


a 


ii ii 


Scott, Charles 


(( 


39 


ii 


ii ii 


Thompson, H. M. 


(( 


22 


a 


Pris. May 10, (54 


Wangler, John 


a 


40 


a 


Mustered out 


Wilcox, James C. 


a 


25 


it 


ii a 


Recruits. 










Wheeler, Alex. 


Corp. 




June25, 62 


Xot mustered out 


Sisson, Nathaniel 


ii 


19 


Julv 2, 63 


" " 


^Ic Kinney, N. 


Bugler 


32 


Aug. 31,63 


ii u 



-|o Co."K" SiiJuiul UiirinK lit (':iv:ilrv — ( 'ontiiiiuii. 

Rrmark*. 



N«Me 



RaML 



AiMis. Htnj. 
A>hl>y, A/jiiinh 
AMt rstuj. ( Mo.W 

lillMi-ll, IxilU- W . 

liruylrs, Sinu'uii 
Cawlfv, .I«)|iti 
( alhoiin, Will. \\ . 
Cotlu'rin, U»»l»trt 
(Vithfriii, .laiiics 
I>icktn^,n:irri>on 
Ilnllitlnv, Saimu'l 
llaliy, Win. H. 
I!o|iin'>i, By roll i 
Kittli-, Daniel 
Mullrn. .I..l.n W. 
Sias, I siac 
Vulin .Iiiliii \j. 

Vttrran>. 
Kls<-ail«lt'n, (ico. 
.SumKt-, Kli^lla 
Mark-, 'iMi(»ma> 
I)avis, Barton 
I)o^j;i't, Kvt-n 
KuiiiiiH'jMrpirnM. 
I'attcr-on Sanuicl 
Anptl. Kt»l)«rt 
AMt-r-on, Saimid 
licacli, .I((S(|ili 
1 )oiialiiic, .l<>-c|ili 
Donaliiii-, .lackh'n 
Flcininjr, Wash, 
(iooilinan, Kvan 
fiiMHlinaii, Martin 
(inanl, Nnali 
( •(i|<l<-n, •laiiM-s 
IiijrIc'K. William 
Martin, Hn^'li 
Martin, .lnjin 
Mi'( iiiwan, .laiin-s 
Viuv, Williani 
K«il)inHtii, .l«iM-|ili 
S'oit, Tlioina^ 
.Shields, I'arnanI 



HU-k 

• UUIIl 

I'riv. 



IstSogt 
('••rf». 

24 

IS 

(I .J.; 
iii<-.k- 

Klllllll. I 

Waff'r ;J1 
IViv. 21 
M 
44 
23 
18 
35 
18 
21 
22 
19 
35 
20 
30 
3G 
1^ 



1^^ Nov.24,t5n. 
is.Iulv •J;{,ti4 

IK 

i;» iw. *ja,«;:i 

41 Ang:n,fi.{ 
n« N.iv.2:h;.{ '• 
Ji'.lnn. -J, «;;{ 
;i7iFpl>. 24,«H 

ih| 

21 .Iimt' :\ <i:i 
27.1uiu'2r.,»;;! 
2(H.Iuni' :i, (Jn 
iM.liin. 3, (l.'i 
IhMar.'JO, <;4 
In I'Vli. 'J(i,ii4 
•JT.Innt' ;{, (;.{ 
|Fc4>.20,tJ4 

33 Nov. H.ci !!( -.111. Nov. 18,03 
22 



Co. "K"Secon(l Regiment Cavalry — Continuod. 41 



Stewart, Sanford 
Bhelton, Charles 
Spence, AVilliam 
Turner, iNIiian 
Torbert, Wm. JJ. 
Wilson, Thomas 
Webb, Pleasant 

Discharged. 
Cotheran, Abr'h'm 
jranthorn, Jas. W. 
Barr, Samuel 
Henry, Abr'h'm 15. 
Spears, Peter 

Died. 
Myers, Jacob A. 
C]iamberlain,Riir5 
Irwin, doiin 
Javens, John 
Martin, Edward 
O'Donald, Daniel 
Sweeny, James 

Transferred. 
Merrell, Will S. 

Deserted. 
Furr, Daniel 
Dugan, Patrick 
Liney, Anthony 
Si as, Isaac 



riv. 



Corp. 

Bliicck, 
Ninitli. 

Priv. 



WImmi miisturiMl 
into serviri'. 



Ifet Sgt 

Corp. 
Priv. 



20 
31 
42 

20 
18 
20 

34 
40 
35 
35 

27 

34 

IH 
28 
21 
38 
28 
21 

20 

19 
22 
25 
18 



Xov. 8, 01 re-enl.Nov. 18,03 



Disability 



From wounds 
Disability. 

See death mil 



Feb. 24,04 
Nov. 8,01 



Pro. 1st Lt. 

Julv 1,03 
Nov. 20, 03 
Julyl, 03 
At Charleston. 



Jun. 30,04 
Aggregate less rcc'd from other companies, 99 men. 



4 J 



COMPANY U. 



Nai 



lt< iiiHrlw. 



Smith. .las|»or A. 
MrMilliti, Miltnn 
KInl.i.dall. \V. .1. 
MrMilliii..!. II. 
Samlrr?", .lolui 
I)ui)la|>. .liiiiii'-^ 
Mull. KnilM-u K. 
Stewart, <I. A. 
Wlu'tsrl, .latMih A. 
Mrl^Mi^lirm. .1. 
l>tin|»^<\ , A. S. 
hanm. Ni<*lu»la.>< 
Siiiiih. (Jiinlon 
Wal.l.n. Cliail. 
Ni.lioN. T. V. 
O'lvorirk. M. 
IlaltiTiiiaii. 1 ). 
Kartlitt. M. I". 
Hall, .lam.- 
W'iscniHii, ( ifi.. L. I 
/inn, < i«'<>r;:»' 

LvtH'll. ( ifO. \\ . 

MfKinin'V, N. 
(all, William 
S|»rin;ror. \N in. 
A.lkiuN KolMTt 
Itaaz/lf. Wm. 
UfVptii. .lacolt 1 1 . 

liclkct. Will. W. 

liiitlcr, William 
Brown, ( •••<». ^^ . 
( 'ariitli«'rs, \N . L. 
< 'armii'liat-l, .lolin 
( 'niiir. I*«*t«*r 
(ardtr, 'rimma- 
Carru-k, J.M. 
Coiiipston. •!. 11 
('ollanl. •loliii 
( 'onli, •latiu-o 
I>a\VMin, Wm. 
I>afli«'r. .Ia<k'«tn 
r^lwanl-, Wm. II 
Ivikin-, Knutry A 



Trans, from ( 'o.H 
Not niiistertMl nut 



C'apt. .11 ^"> -•. • 1 .N.it tiiu-»tored ntit 
Ut Lt. :\] i(\.mM N«»v. '2. fil 

•Jn.l 1 C.iDiM So|.t.:i<».<il 

Nt ^- t. :».«;! \„t Miiistcncl out 

-t. '», G4 
.,., - i)t.'J7,(J4 
Sjrt i2l|N"V.8, 61 

" l22'Aug *27,G4 

.. '.»n »< 
•»u 

'i.jScpt *J, <!4 

Corp. Ji .iiiiu- 'I, '•- Trails, from ('o.(J 

' ' '-' U>, «J-; Trans. IVom CoM 

t .'U),«)4|.\i.t miistcri'd (Hit. 

^U| A ujj; 27,1)4 

'•2li '* 

•• |-i4' 

• iHSi'pt. !»,«4 
i22 Oft. 14,(14 
'>ii;;l« 1231 Aug 27,64 
" |I8| 

'.',„, I. •:;{<>< t. 0, (14 

;;2 Aiijr .'ll.G.H'i'iniis. from Cii.tJ 
wu-..r |27S(.|.t.!l, (;4'N(,t nmstiTc'd (.iit 
Sail.rri2(i(>«t. (5, ()4 
I'riv. illJ.Ian. 2, ()4|'T:in>-. fr.vn ('...( i. 

2.VSi'pt. l,()4Nnt miist(rt(l (»iit 

:{(;Sopt i.'),(;4 " 
,,, 

•J7 ( ), • lit •;■' Trm^. IVmiii Cm. I'. 



i: •• •• i; 

is •• " •• i; 

' ). I. \'2X> 1 N«.| iiiu-i. 1. 1| out 

• V.ig -..*' ■ 
(I I 

2.S " .... 

ai 

25 

lK|.-%rpt. l,(i-, 

llMVc 28, (i2l Trans. iVom (...]; 



Co. "M" Stfoiid liej:iir.(Jit Cavalry — Continued. 



43 



Els-svick, Kopdc'U 
House Robert 
Iluniphroy, G. 
Hager, Jiunes S. 
Hall, William 
Hiilteniian, David 
Harmon, Wesley 
Hutcliin.son, W. B 
Jeffries, Lsiah C. 
Jacox, Wm. D. 
Johnston, Jamos 
Kady, William 
Kisor, Benj. F. ; 
Lott, Nathan B. 
Lane, William H^ 
Landress, Allen F 
Light, Henry 
Morton, Geo. W.T 
Morton, Paschal 
Mills, Anderson 
Murray, Wm. F. 
Morris, Ch'as. L. 
Morris, Chas. B. 
Mason, Thos. L. 
McKinley. Robert 
McKinmis, Milton 
Montgomery, Wm. 
Montgomery ,G.W. 
Mannine:, A. J. 
Morehuid, E. N.G. 
Ma.xwell, Bernard 
ISIorrison, Robt. 
Palmer, Isaac 
Palmer, I^evi 
Quimbly, Geo. A. 
Rexroad, Hezekiah 
Shinn, Ebert R. 
Spencer, Jacob E, 
Steele, Robt. M. 
Sanders, John 
Swisher Samuel 
Settle, Isaac. J. 
Williams,. S. P. 



•28 
39 
20 

42 
21 
20 
IH 
20 
30 
25 
37 
19 

99 



Oct 10,02 
Oct 10, (52 
Dec. 23,G2 



into i-crvii-f. 



H 

Trans, from Co. I 
I 
Qct. 8, 64 Not mustered out. 
Sept 21,64 
Aug 27,64 



Sept 30,64 
Oct 10, 62 



Aug 27,62 
Sept.27,64 

18l Dec. 23,62 

18 Oct. 10,62 

92 

27 

18 

26 

20 

19 

23 

23 

20 

19 



Trans. 


from ( 


(1 


. 1 


i< 


i< 




C 


a 


a 




11 


Not mustered 


1 1 


III. 


<( 


<t 






Trans. 


from ( 





.11 


u 


" 




11 


(( 


u 




1'^ 


11 


li 




11 


^i 


(< 




11 



Dec. 23,62 
Oct. 10,6"^ 



r> 



Oct. 6, 64 

Oct. 10,6*^ Trans, from Co. I 

Sept.27,64!Xot mustered out 

19lSept. 30,64} 

18Sept.l5,64| 

•>7 Sept. 9, 641 

18 Sept. 9, 641 

27 Sept. 1,64 

35 Au3.27,64 

•v\ 

30 Sept. 5, 64 
23 Sept.25 64 
35 Sept. 9, 64 

17 
lSSept.21,64 

18 Sept.27,64 

20 Oct. 10, 62 

20 Oct. 18 62 

22 Oct. 1.0,62 

29 



Trans. 


froui 


Co 


P> 
I 


Trans 


from 


Co. 


H 



n 



< ".'. "M"' Sccdii.l nc>;;iimMit ('avaliv--( Vnitiminl 



Xamr*. 



lUnk. 



« iWlirli niUatrrMi 
■^ ■ illlu MTVICf. 






Williams, Sniiuit'l 
Wiiiiliiij;, (iiH). W.' 
\N isfiiiaii Jos, X. 
T»'»'st, Isnae F. 
NVilUv. Khun 
\N uri>, .laiius 
\N il>on, .Idlin ] 

NV.iMI,., .huol. HJ 
/i'lii, (iiitr j 

/iim, II:irv«'V | 



Ki'inarkn. 



i-Jo " Tnms. froniC... H 

lsSfpt.21,(J4 iXot imi<tirc<l out. 
is Sept. 5,(14 ' 
.;7 All- 27,(J4 

IS 

'2'2i>ct. \H,(>\ 
24 I)«c. 5, <;4 
•iO An«:.27,»;.'{ 
24Sc'i.t.22,«i4 



Aggregate, less rci-civnl from other ( 'o's <j I iiifii. 

Captain ( lilijiore's company scrvetl \\ith the rt';:iinfnt 
from .lulv 1 Ith, ]S.(\'.\, until Scptcmhcr 1st, 1S(;4, and were 
mu>t«'rt'il (lut as('ompanv L Second West N'irjiinia ( 'av- 
nlrv. Their easualli<s are «;ivcn in the death loll. 

Total eidi>tmcnt> 1221 nn-n. 






i^' 



PREFACE. 



"About the man who fights ou horseback the ro- 
mance of war has always centered. From the first 
chronicled battle the horseman has been not only the most 
])icturesque, but the most dramatic figure in warfare. 
Writers who have recorded the history of armed conflicts 
have found the most thrilling climaxes in the sweep of rid- 
ing squadrons, Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brig- 
ade'' will be read when the stories of greater combats have 
been forgotten. 

In the days of chivalry the mounted man was the 
main reliance in war. But gradually the more dtadly 
musket became the chief instrument of death. Drill and 
discipline were reduced to a science. The art of war was 
revolutionized. 

There have been still greater changes since. The 
duties of mounted men have greatly expanded. They not 
oulv rush upon the solid lines of infantry in battle array, 
but in a thousand minor ways lend aid and inspiration to 
great armies. They Hash upon the flanks of the enemy, 
and make dariug raids for the destruction of lines of 
communication for war supplies. They are the swift an- 
novauf-e of the enemy, the restless messengers of defeat 
and death. The hoof-beats of the horseman falls through 
every gap in the lines, and tlie feckless charffe 
marks the end of battle and the beginning 



4»> i'i:i I \' I 

of |iur>ui(. Tin- ••nvalry fi-iU tin « lu-iiiy, iitxi 
n-|M»rt>* upon tlu- c>*ti(liti<»ii iiiul tlit- |>ri'.<ii'ii«'i* of liis :inni<->. 
It i-» tlu" iv.*»i."»tl-*>-s !!.u|>|t'irt of the iulhntry, *m llu* horriljU- 
pirtiili of (itci'l, whii'li foiTi'M tlu' final «li'<i.sioij. Sudi, in 
grt-aUT or Ipks ♦If^rt'e, lm« lu-cn its fiinctiuns (or nuuiy 
yeiirf*. Hut in mir latf war it lar};i'Iy intTra>*tMl its UM-t'iil- 
lU'Jisj, ami won a ljrua«Kr n<*o>;nition tlian v\vr hi'furc. 

The cavalryman >till retains liis rDinaiitir pn-i'mimMUT. 
Till- |M»ft \vlu» -iujjs <»f l»atilr in-«tinctivi'ly muUo tlie tntop- 
«T hi-^ tlu-nu'. Ktail **l*aul lifvciv's Hide" ti» anmso tlic 
mm of MitMlost'X, Toin HoimI's "Wild St"f»| of tlic 
l*lain»*." an<l :i dozen other s.mj;--, where even a sin«;le 
trooper ha> made hi.» eaiix* lamnus. The rush «d Murat's 
Mpiad rolls is heard tlinui^li all the lonj; story of Napoleon's 
."trujrgle for exislene.*. With lis the reeord has hi'en the 
s:tmc. The history <d' tho Uevidiitiou was euriehod l»y the 
exploits of Marion's horsemen, niackhorse cavalry has 
ever l>een a eonspieuons lii;iire in the romance of all wars. 

In our latest conflict, the music of hattle comes to u-; 
laden willi the Idare of Sheridan's l>ti;;les, and the ru-li ol 
Stewart's rouL:h ritlen*. Custer's resistless eliar};es, Kil- 
patrick'> raids, Torheft's, Wilson's, Merritl'x, AvercH'-. 
••wift da-'hes l»y day and l>y ni^^lit, are lilKd 
with the viL^ur ol movement ;ind the charm ot' 
tiue<"e>.-. l>nf<»rd, Hayard. ( "rierson and a hundred oth'-r 
p'lienils, Unii^hts cd* the siher and stlrrn|), fill in a wmi- 
di'rful picture of da-<hin;^ heroism that will live in sum; 
and story as lonjj as the ree<»rds of war are read. These 
horsemen tan^ht the wf»rld new lesson'> in the use <d' cav- 
alry. The story of l{iandy Station, Kilpatriek's raid on 
Uiclimond, the <-avaIrv fi;;ht at Trcvillian Station, tin- re- 
sist les.n charges at Winchc'ti-r and ('edar ('reek, and tiie 
rouj;h «X|K'ri 'necs (d Avi'reir> hattallion-. i:ive t" all man- 
kind a thrillin;; and instriu^tive narrativ. . 

To ^ive the ••tory of some ol th«'>e hor.-M nuii, in>j)ircd to 
linive de4'd- liv loflx pal rlol i -iii . is the p'lrpo^r uf (hi>e 

i«iL'<- 1. A. r.. 




»':i<;- 



COL. WM. M. BOLLES. 
► ir.i tut ..r ihr i:.t'iiii.iii 




^ 



V 



Flag of the fret' hearts' hope and home 

By angel hands to valor given, 
Thy ■'^^ars have lit the welkin dome, 

And all thy hues were horn in heaven. 
Forever tloaf that standard sheet 

Where hreathes the foe i)Ut falls hefore u.- 
With freedom's soil beneath our feet 

And freedom's banner streaming o'er us. 



CiiAI'TKlJ I. 



INTRODfCTlON AND OrvG A NIZATIOX. 



In preparing this work, it has been my aim to present 
the history of the regiment, in as com])lete a form as pos- 
sible. Manv incidents wortliv of" note have no (h)ul)t 
escaped me, hut the war has been over for near twenty 
eight years and many of these thrilling occurrences have 
])assed from the memory of many of us. I have endeav- 
ored to a(bnit of no ntatter that is not snp])orted by records, 
or upon the statement of those whose privilege it was to 
know them. I have been compelled to give in ]iart, an 
account of marches and battles that arc familiar to all read- 
ers of war history. In such of these as I have given, the 
regiment bore a conspicuous part. The de'sign of this lit- 



4H INTUODUCTIOX ANl> ORGAXI/.ATIOX. 



tie Work urigimitc'tl in the lu-lii-f, tliat tlu* n-* Ord of tlic 
rt't^iiiiiiit in a lunik f«)rui, wuiiKl In* ncocptaMe to tliu Mir- 
vivor-.anti tlivir rainilif>; as u nieinfiitit of tlicir sutforin^s, 
tlu'ir privations. an»l tlu'ir rtcrvircs in tlie war of t lit* n'- 
bfllion. And 1 )ii>)k' that it will also MTve nn u flight 
trilnilt* to tlu' im-iiiory of tl»o>c gallant ami hrroir ini'inlMTs, 
who have ^airifn-tnl thrir livox upon tlu-ir rouiitry's altar. 

I'niliT P^•^i«ll•llt I.ino(»ln's call of .Inly Ud, 1M(J1, tin- 
formation of a ri'^imont for the cavalry arm of the si*rvi<e 
wan hejjnii altoiit Auj;n>t first, in .Soiitlurn Ohio. TlinM' 
f<nn|mnit>ri wimt rt'«'ruited in Liwrriice roiinty, tw(» in 
Mfi«;>, onr in .larkxni. one in X'intun, one in Washinjifton 
and one in Mor;;an. The reniaimler of the regiment was 
composed largely of volunteers from Putnam and Monroe 
counties. 

When this body wa> n ;idv for mii>ter and <'onimi>.sioii, 
application wa-^ made to Il<>u. William Denuiscui, (J<»v- 
ernor ol Ohio, to comph'te the organization. This he de- 
clineti to do, giving as a reason therefor that the governors 
«»f all tlu' northern >tates had received instrnetioiis from 
the \\ ar \h partMHMit to n-eriiit no nion- cavalry, and that 
thev were also advised thai all cavalry in exc«'ss of forty 
reiriments wonhl he mu>tered out of.servi<'e. 

Ajtplication was then made to F. K. l*icrrrji<iiit, 
provisional governor of that portion ot N'ir^'inia, 
now known as West Virginia, tlie latter >-tatc not 
having heeii admitted into the I'liioM niitil •hine 
'iOtli, 1H(;3. (lovernor I'icircpont, with the eonhint 
of the SiM-retary of War, acc-ptcil the organization as cav- 
alry, orderiiiLMlie .-anie int<» campipiarlers at Parkcr.ihnrg, 
where tin c(.ni|anies re|oittd alM.iit the nii«Mlc of S« p- 
leniher, iHtil. As soon thrrealh-r as practicaldc, tlu* 
ot!U*er» were eoinmissioned. nnd all w«'re mustered into 
ihi* m.*rvicL' ol the rnitcti Stat«'s us the Sccoiil U<'ginient 
cf I/«»yal Virginia (.'aval ry, a I l'arkers!)iirg.. \'a. Nov. Sih, 
iHtll.' 

The original organizati«»n of " Ki» Id and Sinll" was as 
follows <''donel. William M I', dl. ; Lt. ( '..|..n. I. .lohn 



INTUODUCTK^N AND OlKiAXIZATIOX. 49 



C. Paxton; First Major, R. L. Curtis; Second Major, Jolni 
J. Hoffman; Adjutant, Elijah F. Gilliam; Quartermaster, 
S. G. Paxton; Commissary, Goo. iS. South; Surgeon, 
Thomas Neal; Assistant Surgoon, [.. I). Comstock; Hos- 
pital Steward, Edward L. Gilliam. 

The following were the original company oflicers: 
Captains. 1st. Lts. 2nd. Lts. 

A Jas. L. Waller L. E. ( ampholl. C. A. Henderson 
B W. H. Powell. C. E. Ilaml.leton. Jas. Allen. 
C Tho.s. Noal. J. ^[. Boyd. Wm. Church. 

D H. S. Hamilton. (Jeo. W. Snyder. E. S. Morgan. 
K Andrew Scott. A. A. Fonts. Jos. Ankrom 

F E. D. Eells. (). H. P. Scott. W. M. Fortescue. 

G John McMahon. (J. P. ^[ontgonuryJ. Davidson. 
H David Dove. John Walden. J. A. rm])lel)v. 

I X. J. Behan. John W . Neal. John A. Lowe. 

K S. H. Emmons. Wm. Yard. John McXally. 

On the 15th of Decend)er, after many vexatious delavs 
which was unavoidable at the time, the regiment was 
armed and equipped. The arms were of a very inferior 
quality, and almost really totally unfit for effective service. 
Most of the fire arms consisted of huge and unwieldv horse- 
pistols, which, if used in action, would certainly endanger 
the lives of our own men (|iiite as much as those of the 
enemy. A portion of the regiment was armed with short 
Enfield rifles, but being mu/zle loaders they were verv in- 
convenient for cavalry. The sabers were lietter, but in a 
mountainous countiy like western \'irginia. tin v were 
more ornamental than usi'ful. The horses were verv 
good, and many of the eomj)nni('s succeeded in obtaining 
all of one color. This matter of c(»lor in horses was kept 
up for some time, but finally had to be given up. 

At the date of muster in the war had been in progress 
about seven months, and many of the rank and file ot the 
new organization had seen active service in the three 
months regiments. C()m])any H was largely composed of 
a Jackson, O., company, that had served out their time in 
the 18th Ohio Infantry. Tlie organization when mounted 
presented a iine a|)peara!iee, and the officers ha<l every 



ru«>nucTioN and organization. 



n*2i!«*>n to III* pruuil of tho fuct that tlioy liuil been chuson to 
cHiiiiinund (io dnv n IumIv of Ohio MoKlicrv. Miu-h cotiKI hv 
roas«ni:il»ly ex[UH't«»l «»f >u<*li voluntt*t'r>, and h«>\v well that 
iX|u«iath>ii wa-* nali/.ctl, th«»>r who n-ad thir. little voluinc 
>hull jiul:."- 

Many oT ij> have ai\^ay^ rf;z '■filed iliat we were not al- 
low «1 to lie inii>U*red in a> the 4lh ()hio Cavalry, where 
\.«- jiroji.-rly helonfje*!; yet. neither tliiiiii;^' the |»ro^r<s.s of 
the war nor nint-e its close, have we ha«l the slijrhtest eau>e 
to eoaiplain ofonr treatment at the hand> of the little 
niiMiiitain stat<.*, horn amid the throes of war, ro<>ked and 
shak 'U wit'i the roarof e;in:» »n, and wIuMe soil «lrank the 
hlood id* many of her own loyal a'm\> — West Virginia, the 
"( *hild ot the Storm." .VII honor to otir little neighbor 
at'ross tin* river, and may the word^ inMril»ed on her e.s- 
eiileheon always ehara«ierize the pat riotism and valor ot 
her |Mo|»le "Montani Semjii-r I.ilieri." 

Soon after liein:: nioiintrd and eijni|»|ted, t he re;:imei.t 
was o:-diTe<l int<t winter <jnart» rs at ( lii\aiidotte, Cabell 
eonni\. \Ve>t N'ir^jinia, for «lrill aiiil discipline. How 
little we j'ornprchende'l the demand- mid necessities ol war 
whilf we WiTe enjoyinj; thi-< early camp life. Like all new 
or;r5iniz:itiof)H sitnated >«o:ne <listanee from actnal ho>ti!iiies. 
the boy> wer ■ just spoiling for a fight. 

On the "J 1 «Iay of January, I'^tl'J, C<d. li^dles re<-eived or- 
d« rs from Cen. Koserrans, comman«lingthi< department, to 
move his conimnnd at once, and ri'|)ort to Col. .las. .\. 
< larfi'dij. at L »nis-i. Kv. ('ol. I'olles. with the regiment, 
riportel t » ( ' d. (i.irfield on the morning of January 7th. 
Promllv the new reginjcnt took the advance, with orders 
to drive the inciiiy from the village of l*aiiit>ville. On 
reaching ihi" point it wa> found the enemy hntl dis- 
appcare I but a short lime beftre our arrival. (Vd. Ihdles 
:U one(> Miiive<l his command forw.'ird up the north bank of 
I'aint Crei k to a point opposite the mouth of .lonnett's 
(,'rcek, where llw rebel rear guartl was disj-ovepMl. pre- 
|Kin-»| to re.-i.'-t our attack, ('aplain. Powell's squa<lron, 
coiitposMl of C'o8. 11 luid C. w:h onlered to charge in col- 



INTRODUCTJON AM> OKCJAN JZATION. 51 



lunii, to which order they n-spDiKh-d with spirit, imd siic- 
ccedod ill driviiin; the enemy upon his main eolniuii at 
dark. They were dred ii])on hy a force of rebel infantry 
from an ambuscade on l)oth sides oC th(! road. Here the 
first blood of the rejriment was spilled by the killing ot 
two men — Amos McKec of Co. B, and Albert Leonard of 
Co. C, and the W(»iindin^ of five others. Three horses 
were also killed. 

Feeling sure that the main body of the enemy had 
been overtaken, tiie little band fell back a short distance, 
and at once informed Col. (JarHcld of the situation. 
Early on the morning of the «th, Col. (iarfield with 
1000 cavalry, composed of the 2n(l Virginia, one 
Sfjuadron of the (Jth ICentucky, and one squadron 
of Ohio cavalry, the latter under the command of 
Major McLaughlin, and 1 oO infantry of the 42d Ohio, ad- 
vanced upon the ri'bel ])osition. The enemy were found 
to have fallen back again, burning many of their stores, 
and in full retreat in the direction of Prestonburg. Deem- 
ing further pursuit unnecessary, the command returned to 
Paintsville, the 2d \Mrginia taking tlie bodies of theii 
dead comrades with, {hem, and forwanling them to (heir 
friends in Ohio. 

A few days after, the 2d Virginia returned to their win- 
ter quarters at Guyandotte. The march, exposure and ac- 
tual service in this first engagement aflforded the regiment 
its initial e.\perlen(!e in war, and im|)ressed Uj)on its oflicers 
and men the importance of drill and (lisei])!ine for UKU'e 
active service. 



( iiAi'Ti:!: II 



««KI»K1:KI> To TIIK KUONT. IJATTl.i: nl I.KWISIU KiJ. 



Tlir rt'jfiiiii'iit rfiiuiiiuMi in « iiitt-r (jiiartcrs at (Jiiyaii- 
iluttf, \'n., oil the <>liio riv»T. Most of tlie tiiiu- \v:i- uc- 
ciipiftl in (irilliii^ ami fitting fur a<tiv(' .-crvico. ( Mi ilic 
• itii of A|»ril. iMfiii, ( "ol. iJoUos reciived ttriK-rs i'vom (uii- 
cral <). 1>. C'nx, coiinnadin^ the Kariaulia (livi^i()n, tu 
M'lul uiie hattalioD of his ro^iincnt to Fhit Top Muuiitain, 
and to hoM thebahuici* in rta<lini'ss to move. In a«conl- 
antT with these orders, tht' division »)f the rej^inu-nt into 
Itattalioiis was nia(k' as follow-; The first hattalion was 
(-oni|Hisi>d of ( 'onipmifs I'. < '. I". II mikI 1 ; the seeoml \\:i> 
conipoMil of ("(MMpanies A. 1>, )!, (i and K. 

On thi- 8th <»r April, Lt. ("oLdohnC I'axton, with the 
MMMind battalion, accoin|iani('»I by Major ("iirti-", niovfd 
ont from camp, and finally rc{)ortrd accordin-^ to onh-rs. 
On iIk-'JIMIi of A|iril, Col. IJullcs with the fir.-t battalion. 
and ar('otn))anied by Major Ilolluian, left eainp with unhr^ 
to rep«»rt to Col. L. 8. Kllit.tt. of the ITlh Ohio Infantry, 
who was cnroiite to .Meadow iJinfl on tin- Lrwi>bnr^' pikf. 
The rejrinnMit thus divided pfrftirninl iniporiant tluiv lor 
Col. (ieo. Crook in the vicinitv of .M«adow HInlf, (ireen- 
briar i'onnty, and similar service for (bneral .1. 1). C(»x in 
Kalei^^h and adjoining comities, <lnrin;: lin- >prit»;: and 
summer campaign of IKJJJ. On the IJth of May the first 
battallion surpri.'-ed and rou:ed a n-bel (omniand known as 
I'^lf^ir's battallioti, and Captain Whito'.s company itf rebel 
ravairy at early dawn, near Ilandley's farm, driving the 
enemy in niter rout through Lewi>burL' to White Sniphnr 
Spring', .Many prisoner^ wtn- captur<d in this wild and 
e\eitinjj <'has4'. 

' »• '^' •■ If.tl., f'-.l Ceo. Cro.dv. of the ;5(;ih Ohiofh, n 



I5ATTLE OF J,i;V\ IhllL'TlO. ").'} 

in conimaiul of t\w third l^rigado of the Kanawliu 
division, composed of the .3(kh, 44th, and 47th 
O. V. I., and the first battallion of the 2nd 
Virginia Cavalry, and a battery of artillery, hegan 
a reoonnaissanee in force upon Jackson river depot, via 
Lewishurg, White Sulphur and Covington. In this ex- 
pedition the 2(1 Virginia Cavalry had the advance, and 
succeeded in destroying several depots of supplies, bridges, 
etc., also capturing five captains and twenty-five men be- 
longing to the "Moccasin Rangers," near Callahan station. 
The command then returned to camp. On May 23d 
occurred the battle of Lewisburg, one of the best ])Ianned 
little engagements of the war. In brief, it was as follows: 
Col. Crook learned that Gen. Heth, a former class-mate of 
Crook, with a considerable body of infantry, was march- 
ing in the direction of Lewisburg, and like the true soldier 
that he was, he determined to try the mettle of his men in 
battle. It was eighteen miles back to Meadow lUutf, a 
natural position for defense, and where a few more troops 
were stationed. To be fully prepared for any emergency, 
Col. Crook had every pound of property of every kind 
loaded in the wagons, the teams hitched to them and 
headed in the direction of Meadow Bluff. Wishing to give 
the enemy a fair show, Col. Crook formed his line in the 
rear of the town, thus giving them the advantage of 
the inspiration they might receive from the pres- 
ence of their enthusiastic friends in this hot rebel 
town. The infantry was placed on either side of the 
battery, with the cavalry on the left. Soon our pickets fell 
back through Lewisburg, amid the jeers of the inhabitants. 
The enemy made their appearance on the hill opjiosite, 
formed their line, and when all was ready their battery 
fired the first shot, to which ours responded. They came 
down the hill into the town amid the wildest enthusiasm, 
the entire population cheering them on and shouting, 
"Drive the Yankees to the Ohio river." As soon as the 
line of the enemy came in view ascending the hill on a 
charge, our infantry arose and poured a withering volley 



". I f. \ II I f >>\ I \:\\ i-iM I.. 

into tluMii. Ikiitli iiit'aiitrv :iii<) I'uvalrv Juiiu'd in a charge, 
3uin|iK'ti>ly milting tin- oniMising f(»rr«', killing seventy-two, 
wouniling over one liundnd, taking one hundred and 
fifty -St- ven pri.Honers, four cannon, three hundred >tands of 
arn»> and twenty-five horse.-^. The I'nion loas wa.- thir- 
teen kiUed, fifiy \voun<h-d and >ix nii>-<ing. From the 
time the fir«>t shot \\a> tiri-^l until tin last, \va> tweiity- 
b^ven minutes. 

In this cnpigenuiit the eaValiy wa- highlv eoin|»li- 
nienti-tl ft»r its ixallantry l»y the l>ri;.Md(' ( '(»iiiiii:iiiilir. 
Col. Crook \va> wunndid in tiie left f()ot. 

Tile l»ri^'a<le remainctl lure until April 'Jl'th, wlnii it 
fell hack to Meadow IJlull for the purp ise <tf -hoitening 
tin" liaid of supplies, which was ohtaiued at Loup Creek 
on the Kanawha river. The hattallittn camped at Meadow 
JilutV until Augu>t 1 Ith. In the meantime they had heeii 
very active in s«-oiitiiig. Si-vcral l)ri>k engagements oc- 
curroi 'vith the rel)«l cavalry, among which might he 
mentioned Alderson's Ferry, .luiie !•; Wolf Creek, July 
10; lA'wis' Mills .luly 10; iJliie .Sulphur S|. rings, .July 2(»: 
Ahlerson'> Ferry, .Iiily 'J.'J, Williamhurg. .Inly '2Si\\. In 
thcM- various engagi-meiits the enemy lost ten kilh'd, >ix 
Wounded, and twenty jirisoners, hcsides horses and arm^. 
The commanding onicer,( 'ol. Geo. Crook, growing lirrd 
of camp life, thought it about tinjc for aufither fight. Tlie 
rehel (Jen. lleih, with hiscomtiiand, was then at Salt Sul- 
phur .Sjirings; and as the two commanders had heen class- 
mates at West Point, and were very good friends, Col. 
Crook concluded it wouhl only he lipht and proper to re- 
turn Ceii. Ileth's call of the 2.{ril of May. According, 
on .liine lilind, Col. Cr<»ok, \\ ith hi- itrigade (less a s;ifc 
eamp guard) took up the lino of march on the road via 
Hlue Sulphur .Springs, Ahler.-oii'.s I"'erry and ("eiitrcvillc 
t«i .Sdt .Su 1 1 thiir .Springs. Caio|»iii;: at the mouth of Wolf 
Creek aiul < •ntreville en rout*-, the morning of the »llh 
found the enmmaiid at a |ioiiit on the Ccntreville 
and Salt .Sulphur Springs ro.ul, within a distance df three 
miles from (itMieial II(lli\ eaiiipiiiL' ;,'r<imid-. That iiioiu- 



I'.ATTLi: OF LKUisinuc;. 



ing all arose early, ate a hearty breakfast of sow-hcllv, 
hard tack and colfee, and assuring ourselves that our toilet 
was just right, started on our early morning call. 

Wc were under the impression that our eonimaudcr's 
distinguished friend and classmate would extend to liis old 
friend and eomrades as warm a recejUion tit least as Col. 
Crook had giv<'n him thirty days before at Lewisburg. lUit 
wc were doomed to disappointment, as the cavalry soon 
fout:d that (ieneral Heth, apparently not caring to culti- 
vate the further ac(piaintance of Col. Crook and his Yanks 
in blue, had retired to the mountains the day before. The 
brigade then returned to camp. 

On June 15th, Col. Wm. M. Bolles tendered liis resig- 
nation as (\)lonel of the 2d Loyal Virginia Cavalry, to 
take effect immediately. The resignation of this officer was 
acce])ted, and ]A. Col. John C, Paxton was promoted and 
commissioned as Colonel, July IStli, 1.S62. Alajor Iv. L. 
Curtis was promoted to the office of J^t. Colonel, and com- 
missioned Aug. 19th, 1S(J2. Capt. W. II. Powell was 
promoted and commissioned as Major Aug. IDth, ].S()2. 
The following changes, made necessary by tliese promo- 
tions, occurred in the companies. 

1st. Lt. Chas. E. Hambleton to rank and services as 
Captain of Co. B, Capt. Thos. Neal having resigned ns 
Captain of Co. C, 2nd Lt. James Allen w^as promoted to 
service as Captain of Co. C. Orderly Sergeant Geo. 
Millard w'as promoted to 2nd Lt. Co. F, Lt. Eells having 
resigned. Sergt. Major L B. Murdock was promoted to 
2nd Lt. of Co. B. 1st S;,'rgt. J. B. Carlisle was })ronioted 
to Sergeant INIajor. 

From Aui>;ust 1st to 14th the infantrv did but litth' 
duty other than drill. The cavalry, however, was ke|)t 
busy almost night and day, scouring the country for suj)- 
plies, and any stray rebel soldiers that might fall in their 
way. The country around JNIeadow Bluff was well suited 
to grass, the inhabitants seemed to be <(uite well to do, 
and taking it all in all, this was the most [)leasant season 
we experienced during the war. 



cHAi'Tr.K 111 



I.Kill TltrUN S KtrriCKAT. 



< >u Aiij;ii>t 1 lih tin- liiii^:ulf cuiisistiiijr nl liu- 4 Itli < ). 
\. 1. anil tlic 2ii«l N'iru'inia Cavalry left Mta<low liliiH 
iimlir t»r<lt'rs fi»r (laiilry llridp'. (loiil. .1. I>. Coxconi- 
luuiwliu}; Kaiiawliu l>ivisi«m, witli ('«»1. C'louk ami Scani- 
wtua l>rij^a«lf were <»rdcri'<l to \Va>liin<j:toii City. Thi^i 
Irft hut a small fon'c in the Kmawlia Valley, undtr rom- 
inaiul of Col. .1. A. .1. Li^lithiirn. 

l>iirin«; the timr in \vlii<li tlir imhi- already narrat- 
ini; luTc were tninspii ini; with tlic rir>t l»attalli<»t» iiij«I«t 
C'»»I. Cn»»k on till- Lew i-.l)ur^' fVont, tin- second 

liattallion nndir Litiilenant ('<donil luit now 

C(d. .1. C. I'axtoii, wa> actively cn<:atrcd in Jscoutin;; 
in till- co\intic'< of Italci^li, l-'aydn- and W ynmiiiL'. < )1 it« 
inovtMncnts no detailed aci-ount can l>e lonnd. This is 
nuu'h ri'j;retted, as the Kattallion e.\|»ericne.'<l lively antl 
thrilling tinu's in their many enconnters with hnsh-whack- 
ers. Uepeated letters to oHieers now living', have failed to 
wiMire the infornjation necessary to enahle me to place 
tiiMMi re<*ord the active work of the -'coiid l>attallion dur- 
ing thi* period. 

If there wa- one thin;r more than another that the Second 
Vir^;inia Cavalry hate«l. it \\a> the dctotalilc l»u>h-whack- 
ers. Wi' «lid tiot oljeet to liein^; shot at on general j)rinei- 
pleH, hut to have >ome unjirinciphd mmmmmItcI who was too 
cowardly to join the aimy ami ti;:ht a^ a man, >neak around 
like a thief in the ni^ht and ^hoot from hehind a tree or 
from Hime inncce.oxilde position, wa- moic ihan wc conid 
pali«-ntly -land. 



LKniTRTliN's RKTUKAT. 



The service performed by the" Regiment, beginniiijj^ 
May Ist aud ending Aug. 14, 1862, was mostly rendered 
by small details, rarely exceeding a comj)any organization. 
The character of the service being that of picket dutv, 
scouting and foraging, was in a mountainous countiy like 
western Virginia, constantly exposed, hazardous and lal)- 
orious, and last, but not least, to a good, faithful soldier 
thankless aud unaj)preeiated. 

Much of the alleged inefficiency of the cavalrv arm of 
the service, so frequently talked of by the infantrv, was 
the result of the imperfect organization and application of 
that branch of the service during the first and second veai-s 
of war. General Sheridan was the first officer in the 
United States army to organize and efficiently utilize the 
cavalry forces. Its unparallclled achievements attained 
under him and his gallant division commanders, Torbett, 
Wilson, Merrctt, Averell, Custer and Powell, in the Shen- 
andoah Valley in 1864 and ]86o, fully demonstrated the 
efficiency and possibilities of the mounted warrior, and 
rendered the name and fame and service of Sheridan and 
his cavalry immortal. 

The cavalry of the confederacy was a fanious aud ter- 
rible weapon in the hands of its leaders for more than the 
first half of the war j)eriod. The contempt of our oro-au- 
izers for this arm of the service, brought to the people who 
deserved it not, a good deal of severe punishment. The 
Southern leaders, certainly at first, understood the logistics 
of the situation better than our own authorities. One rea- 
son of that is perhaps to be found in the fact that so manv 
of the confederate commanders — those from the regular 
service especially — had been in the cavalry service. Jef- 
ferson Davis himself evidently appreciated this arm, as he 
took especial pains while secretary of war, under Pierce, 
in organizing four additional regiments to the regular 
army, to procure the necessary legislation necessary to 
equi]) them as cavalry, and then to officer them with those 
who, it seemed to him, would best serve the South in the 
contingencies likely to arise. The ex-cavalrvmen among 



'*> 1 .1.1 i:i. A I . 

cniiini:iiulin^aii(l Kailiii;; ^i>iu*ruU *>i' tin- ( "oiifiilfitu y ran 
\ut iiaitiiHl Ity tlii* M*uri-. 

Aiiiung t!u-m inijilit bi* iiiciiti<iiu*d .). K. \\. Stuart, Fitr.- 
hiijjh Iah', Ewell Hill, JoM'pli K. JuIiiim»ii atxl a Iminlnd 
(tlluTH who <vtiil«l l»f iiaiii<-(l, wlio wvrr fiiu* «»r}iaiii/«'rs «»t 
•mviilry fom'.-. Tin- ('.iiiliiliT.itf?^ wen* not, nls«», uitlmiit 
nio»t gullniit ravalrv ^t»ltIiiM> ami ItaiKrs wlmse siiluTii 
rarvc<l their way from civil lifr to marliHl i-miueiuv. 
Aiuun^ tliiKf xtill liviii;j an* .such iiicu a> Wade Iluiuptou, 
WhcrU'r, ('haluicr.H and .Mo^Iy. (Jencral (lonlon himself 
h:\f .shown all the tiuest (|iialitie.« c»f a <avalry commander. 
(>f tlniM- who have jKis-ed away may he named with reb|ieet 
tor «»hi;»rly «iiialiiies at least, Stuart, l"'orre>t, ( "lel»iinn-, 
NN'iikham. ( Jilmore, A.«<h!»\ and many o!h<rs. riic |»lanier 
was m-eesviirily a !M»r>eman. Hi.s w«»rk of snpervi.Nidn was 
mainly done in the «addli'. As a slave-h(dder owning 
niany or tew hnman chattels, he was moro of a man <»n the 
haik of his -^idtlle horse, in the eyos <if his hlaves, than 
when on loot like any .irdinirv pT-'-M !!<• knew hi»w t<> 
lioth ride and shoot. 

NN hat ;;ave the (onlederate cavalry, tiien, it> first form 
and uselnlness was the rule of retjuirinj; each recruit to 
mount him>elf. l\<|uipjiient.s were sometimes or in j>art 
providetl, sufTieient to j;ive some uniformity. He was r( - 
• piired, li<»wever, t«» remount himself. The endeavor to 
achieve this nece.->-ity wa^ the >ource i»f much of the a<"tiv- 
ity >h<»wn l»y Moshy, Mor^ran, Duke and utlur parti-an 
leaders, in dilf.-nnt part> oftiie lar«;«' fi.-ld nt border opera- 
tioUH. Such a condition ajtplied to the raising of i-avalrv 
could only be made in an a;iricultural <niintry. It was at 
first peculiarly adapted to theciuulitions of the S«uith. Tho 
rich, slave hohling planters, like \Va«le IIampt<»n: tin- am- 
bitious ami da-hiii;^' hatlers like Wheeler .ind ( 'halmers, 
then lawyern ami planters with careers before them; the 
born horsemen like Forrest, .Mor^'an, Mosby, thcAshby.s 
and •ilhers, w«r»' able to brin^ toj;;ethi'r a mounted veo- 
mnnrv, accii.<«tomed to their Imrses, mid usid, iu tl:i' rude 
atmosphere of slavery to e(Miiinand. ^ it, as it turiiid dut. 



LIGHTBUIIX S RfrrREAT. 



given time aiul occa.-ion, the loyal states were able, in the 
long run, to mold and make a letter cavalry toree, to 
monnt it far more effectively and handle it more efticientlv 
for final victory. General Grant said, while the Southern 
soldiers may have posse.ssed more dash and enthusiasm, vt-t 
the Union soldier had the staying qualities, which br<»Uirht 
the final victory. 

After the re-assembling of the ngimeut from Lcwi>- 
burg and Flat Top Mountain in August, it alwavs oper- 
ated thereafter during the war in its regimental organiza- 
tion. 

Early in September the camp was filled with rurnnrs 
that a rebel force of G,00<^ men under General Loring was 
advancing via Flat Top Mountain and Princeton, with 
the avowed purpose of driving tiie "Yanks," as 'twas 
said, out of the Kanawha Valley, and north of the Ohio 
river. Just previous to tliis advance of General Loriuir, 
Col. Ligiitbnrn received information that Col. A. G. Jenk- 
ins was moving his rebel cavalry force down the Guvan- 
dotle river towards Barbour^ville and the Ohio river. 
This was a considerable distance to the rear of the position 
of our army. Col. Lightburn seemed to treat the matter 
with such indifference that Col. J. C. Paxton begged for 
permission to be allowed to march and drive back this 
rebel invader. Permission being granted, two companies 
were left with the main force, and with the remaining 
eight companies. Col. Paxton moved down the west bank 
of the Kanawha river to a few miles below the city of 
Charleston, where the pike crosses through the country to 
Teaz Valley, thence to Barboursville and Guvandotte. 

This route was pursued to the farm of Mr. Warren 
Reece, near where the town of Milton, A\ . \'a. now 
stands, ten miles east of Barbour-ville. ^lajor Powell 
had charge of the advance, witii ('apt. Ilambleton's Com- 
})any I). At the farm of Mr. Iv.hh'c a halt was made for 
the purpose ot feeding and resting the command. A\'hile 
we were enjoving our afternoon n>eal, the rebel cavalry 
appeared in our front, and fired at us at long range. Our 



• ;•» I i< III! ■ ' 

lro«pt'r<» wert' stxni in the sulillo aiul marfhin^; t«> iiu-ct tho 
fnoniv. An Mmn ftn tlu-y sIiowimI u (Iis]H)sitiuii to mako a 
>tniul, Capt. Ilaiiiblcton, uiuIit onliTs, «liarj:t<| iipon 
iheiii, tlriving thfiu towanl HarlMUirsvillr. 

A hall \yn!* now inaile to ast'ortain the •^trcu^tli aixl lo- 
rati«»n of .Iiiikiii-.' (om-. Major INtwill harntil iroiii tlio 
pri-MiiHT- timt till* I'liomy's l■or<•t'^•oll^ist(•(l of ln-twifu 1,(>CM( 
and 1,'J'M) nival rv umirr fommaiul «»f Col. .l«-iikin.x, and 
that tlu'v wen- in <aiii|» mar na!hour>\ ilit-, and hud Yhvu 
thoro tweiifv-foiir hour-, r«'-tiii«; and .-hoi-inj^ their hor><>. 
It wa" alsi» h*ariir<l that tlu'V wvrv to mov»' in tiu- direc- 
tion <»f ('harh'>l«»n the next nioriiinp:, whert' they e.\|Mete<l 
to meet the advance of tlu' retreatin;; army of C'til. I-i/l't- 
Inirn. a^ lie wa- «lriven hark l)V (Jonend I^irin};. 

It was dark when Col. I'axton with the r«-;;iinent 
eame u|> with the advanec. After a .<hort eonferem-e 
hetweeti C<d. Paxton and Major Powell, the latter was 
ortlcre<l forward with Conijiany \\, ('apt. Ilatahieton 
e Mnmanditi<;. On marin^ Harhoiirsville, M:ijor Powell, 
learninj; the exaet location of Col. .Jenkins' luadijuarlers, 
which waH in the h«tuse ol' Mr. \\ ni. Miller, determim<l to 
trv to <*aptnn' that otVu-cr. I'pon mariiij: the house a 
I'har^e was ma<le uj>on it. It was found to !»«• ^uardc<l l»v 
at least fifty confederate W(ddiers, which i"aet could not l>e 
observed l»v the char^in;^ column «in account of the ex- 
treme darkne-s oj the nii^ht. The rchel ^uard fired and 
Hed, and while the house was heiuj^ .surrounded, Ctd. .l<n- 
kin« and his >tatt' escaped hy the rear of the house throut^h 
the pirden. This caused theentin' rehel force to abandon 
their cam|» and the up the (luyan river, unex|>e<-tedly di- 
verted from their pro|)ose(l attack up'ii the I'nion forces 
the next ilay. This occurred on the ni«;ht of Septcmher 
Xth. \si\-2. 

In this <'harj;<' upon ('n\. .Ii-nkin-' lie:id«juarters, Com- 
panv Pi lost one of it- l»rave>t and l»e>t men — killed hy 
the r»hel ^uard. 1 rehr to the «leath i»f l.-t Piiiy 
S«TH«»i>', IJraxton P. Keev«"«, who livid at Hiickhorn I'ur- 
ua«'e, I^wrenee countv, Ohio. 



LIGHTBURX S RKTKEAT. 61 



AVhen Col. Paxton became .satisfied that tlie rebel 
force wa.s In full retreat up the tliivan Val- 
ley, he moved the regiment to (iuyandotte, 
on the Ohio river, where the h.-dv ,,f Ser- 
geant Reeves wa.s forwarded to his friend.s. The force re- 
mained here for twenty-four hours renting the hordes, then 
returned by the .same route via Teaz Valley to the nioulh 
of Coal river — now St. Albans, W. Va. At Coaismouth 
the government transports were met en route to (iallipolis, 
Ohio, and we received orders to guard ihcm r»iit of the 
Kanawha river. The cause of ail this was, that the entire 
force under Col. JJghtburn was l)eing driven out of the 
valley. At Charleston Col. Lightbiirn left the k'aiiawha 
river and retreated to the Ohio river via JacUson C. 11., 
W. Va. llecro.s.sed the Ohio river at Kacine, Ohio, :iud 
UKtved d(»wn the north 1 auk of the river to <)i)posite Point 
Plea.sant, thus almost literally fulfilling evervthiug f'laL 
had been told us by the ])rJsoners at liarboursville. 

I>ut to our command. The 2nd Va. Cavalry guarded 
the transports to the mouth of Thirteen Mile Creek, where 
they were out of all danger; tlience moved across the coun- 
try to Letart Falls, on the Ohio river, and down the south 
bank to Point Pleasant. \\'e were the only jiortiouof the 
Lightburn command that determined to remain, and that 
did remain, on the .sacred soil of Virginia. The defeat 
suffered by the Kanawha troops under Col. Lightburn. in- 
duced the ordering of Ceneial (I. A. (Jilmoi'c, U. S. A., wli(» 
was then at Cincinnati, Ohio, to the command at Point 
Pleasant. General Gilmore was soon relieved l)\- (Jerwf.-d 
^lilroy, and in a few days he was in turn re[>laeed bv (Jeii- 
eral J. I). Cox, the former commander of the J\aua\\ha Hi- 
vision. General Cox re organized tlu; command, and with 
the old, and .some new troops, left Point Plea.sant on tin; 
20th of October, 18G2, for the pnrpos.- nf regaining the 
Kanawha Valley. 

The rebel forces fell back before the Union f(jrccs 
without battle. In a few days the City of Charleston wa's 
reached. Here the infantry and artillery weu( into eauip, 



MCHTni'RX's HhrrREAT. 



niid llu* 2il Va. mvniry wmt ten iniloK up tln' river t«> 
( aiii|i Piatt niitl p.»tal>li.>>iu>il winter i|uarter>. 

Outlu' hull of Noveiuher, ISJJ'J, C\»l. Cii-o. ("rook, 
liuvin«; la-t-n |>roiiiolt«| to llic niiik of liri^udicr (uiwral I', 
S. VoIunt(HTs, ri-tnrnt-d t»> the Kanawha ValKv with his 
hripi«l<', lu'in;; a.>isijriu>(l t«» the ooiuiiiantl ot thi- Kanawha 
lUvisioii, rrlii'viiij; (icncral .1. I). Cox. Thit^ was verv 
j:'nitif\ in;r to thi- oHiffr.-. and iikmi, a> nil hati thr most im- 
plicit .•••nfuleni-c in tin- U-adcrshij) of (uncrnl Cnmlv. 





•X^.^ /" '^^^ 



CHAPTER !V 



SINKINC CUKKK KAII). 



The regiment having virtnally completed the aelive eam- 
pnign work of 18()'2 as was supposed, was now enjoying the 
luxury of good winter quarters at Canij) Piatt, on the 
classic haidvs of the Kanawha, ten miles ai)ove the ])rescnt 
capital of West Virginia, when, much to the surprise and 
gratification of the boys, we Avere again in the saddle, in 
obedience to the following order: 

Headquarters Kanawha l)ivisi(jn | 
Charleston, Kana^\ha Co., \V. Va., > 
Xovember 2-3, 1802. j 
Sp<'cial order Si). 

( <)K>!iel John C Paxton, eom- 
iiianding the 2nd Kegiment Loyal Virginia C^vali-v, will 
proceed with all th(! serviceable men of his command, to- 
morrow morning, Nov. 24, 1802, to Cold Knob Mountain 
in (rreenbriar county, Virginia, via the, Suminerville and 
Lewisburg road, leaving the Kanawha reiver route at Can- 
nelton. On Cold Knob Mountain he will overtake Col- 
onel P. H. Lane, commanding the 11th O. V. I., ordered 
to that ])oint to reinforce your command. From which 
position you will proceed against the camps of the 14(h 
N^irginia liebel Cavalry Regiment, located in the Sinking 
Creek Valley, some tw(i miles apart in winter (puirters, 
recruiting. J5reakTnp the organization if j)ossib!(. 

GeORCJE ClIOOK, 

]>rigadier General commanding Kanawha DivL-ion. 

This was the most business like document we had 
ever received, and the concluding sentence clearly implied 
that something must be done. However, at davlight on 
the 24th, we Avere on the road en route for Cannelton, 
where we left th.e river route and f<dh)wed a uiirrow road 



04 SIXKIXO CREEK •RAID. 

over tlif inuiiiitaiii to the nuuilli of Twenty mile «reek, 
where we ."triiek tlie main Summerville road. We reaelud 
tlie latter |»laee liy ]0 o'elmk at ni^lit, and camped tliere 
on tiie ni(;lit ot the *Jlth. having marched hixty miKs. 
Korly oil the niornin;^ of the 'J'jth we hroke ramp, and 
twenty miie>i fnun SnninurviMe went int<» eampa^rain, pn- 
parini; •«ucl» shelter a> wa?* possjhh* in that spar.-ely .M-ttK-d 
eonnlry. The weather was very ••oM, with indications of 
.-now. 

The oidy adventure e.vpcricnoitl during; the day was liy 
Lientenant Uaviil.Min, of the advance ;;uanl. This olliccr 
was «»nh'rcd to seh'<'i a phicc to camp. With a ^iiide he 
h-tt the main road to hxtk for hay and s<ion came in -^ight 
of a hijj h«)iiM' where the jjnide six'mI there was forage of 
that kind. When oppo.xite tlie phicc, the otlicer heanl the 
click ^A mii>ket> and looking towanl the honse he -aw five 
or six rehels with levtdcd ninskets, commanding him to 
halt. I..ii'ntenant Davidson was one of the <*oolest ottieers 
in the n-ginu-nt, and one of the (pii( kest to grasp a situa- 
tion and act npon it; -o, when he heard the summon-, he 
promptly oheycd. 'i'he rchds a-kcd hilii who he was and 
what he was doing tin-re. The lieutenant toKI thciii 
he hclofigcd to ('(dollel .lenkin-' (t'chel) rcgi incnt , and that 
the command wasc«mjing there t.) camp. Thi- apparently 
-atisfiiMJ them, "hut," said they, "win re did you get tho-e 
hiue clothe.-".'" The Iieut<'nant did not have to ti'll a storv 
thi- time for he i«'plied that h.-gut them from the Yankees. 
Then he rode on. glad to get away. 

.M»out thi- lime the advance cam<' in -ight, when the 
dohnnie- n-ali/ed that they had heen duped, and all ran 
for the Wood-, hut the a<l Vance guard capinre<l most, if not 
all of them. .Major I'owell pur-ued and eajitun-d one, 
who proved to he a rehel lii'Utenant. The major has ^-'lure 
told the writer that he often wonderetl why the fellow did 
not ^top hehind some tree and shoot him, when he 
-aw that he wa- heing pur-in-d hy imly one man. 

huring the night of the "J'ith, a heavy snow had 
laih-n, ami ii eitnlinuid to snow on the J(!ih. Th" inaieh 




CAPT. JEREMIAH DAVIDSON. 



|>.l.r I II. 



SINKING CREEK RAID. 65 

was taken up early in th" tnornin<^ of that day, and at 10 
o'clock a. ni. we reached Cold Knob Mountain, where we 
found the 11th O. V. I., they having been there but a 
i-hoit time. 

x\fter a conference between Colonel Paxton and Col- 
onel Lane of the infantry, the latter decided that the c(m- 
dition of his men, caused by exposure to the severe stcjrtn 
for the past eighteen hours rendered the continuation of the 
march impracticable and compelled him in justice to his 
men to return to camp at Summerville. Thereupon the 
infantry count ermarched and returned. 

The cavalry ofiiccrs had no thought of returning 
from this point, for when the order to make the raid had 
been delivered by (General Crook, he had confidentially 
charged Major Powell not t*) return to camp without good 
re.sults. This was well understood, and has since been 
authenticated by General Crook. 

The men had borne their sufferings without a murmur, 
and when they learned that they were within a few miles 
of the rebel camp, were full of enthusiasm and anxious to 
proceed. Preparations were at once made to descend the 
mountain and attack the camp. 

Cold Knob Mountain towers over the surrounding 
hills and valleys like a sentinel. From its summit where 
we stood that dreary day it is said one could see into the 
state of North Carolina. Jt is so bnld and bleak and bar- 
ren that no grass can secure anc^. maintain a foot hold in 
its soil, and no trees grow n( ar ils summit. As we stood 
there on that day with the howlin!.'- storm about us, and 
the mercury in the thernionieter---if (Ik re had been one 

there crawling down to the bottcun, the Uiarrow in our 

bones nearly freezing, we were convinced that the spot had 
been appropriately named. 

Major Powell was placed in charge of the advance, 
A'hich consisted of Lieutenant Davidson and twenty men 
of Company G. It was early in the afternoon when the 
command started down the mountain for the Sinking 
Creek A'alK'v. M the loot of the in(»untain the rebel 



fin J'JNKI.Nti « KKKK |!A1I». 



pifki'U wt-re discoverctl; they were tiiiHl ujn»n and one 
man wonntletl, another bein^ eaptnnd l»v the atKanee 
^uanl. From tliis prisoner nuieh valuable information 
MU!! obtniiuil as to the strength, location and condition of 
the rebel ranip. The pieketH and f-eouts who hail «s«a|>e<i 
liad R«*en but a fiw of oiir atlvanee guard, ancl they eon- 
clnded, as we afterwards learned, tliat as we did not press 
tliem closely we were only a s(|uad of Union home guards 
l<M-ated somewhere near Sumnierville. Soon after, the a»l- 
van«*e <lis<*overed the scouts in the distance movinj; leisure- 
ly along toward their camj), with its smoke now jijainlv 
visiblr. The advance halted until the scouts passed out (tf 
view around a |)oint, an«l tlun pushed rapidly forward to 
\\lnre they had disappeared. Here the la>t halt was 
made to further an<l more closely examine the situation; 
for from this position a fair view of the rebel eamp was 
obtained. 

The advance wa?> ortleied tt)ehar|;e through the <'amp 
art it was now evident that they were unj)repared to re- 
<*eive us, and that there w(udd be no engagement. 
Promptly the advance charged as directed, the main c«d- 
unni coming in on the run. The enemy scatter«'d in all 
direetior)>, but owiu'^ to the nature of the countrv pursuit 
was dillieidt. 

They were taken e((mj»lelely by sur|)rise, as nearly all 
the guns eaptured were not loaded. Prisoners were 
pieked up in all directions, .<<ome as far as two miles from 
the camp. 

()\ving to the severity of the weather and tlu- scarcity 
of rations in their camp, nearly all the ofliccrs and (piitc a 
number of men were absent, intending to spend the night 
at the houses through the country. 

The captures were 1 captain, 1 Ii< utenaiit, 1 1 'J enli-ted 
men, IM) horses, .*{ (rebel ?) mules, about 'Jon stands of ariii> 
u few wagofjs, and various camp cipiipage. The arm-, 
wagonn, etc. were burned and the camp «lestroved. Smne 
of the prisoners were niouuled on the captured horses, the 
othefv bring compidled to walk. 



SINKINC; CUKKK IIAID. C)7 



The return march commenced iit 4 o'clock p. m. As 
the infantry had returned, and o\vin<r to the severity of the 
weather and the fact that we were so heavilv encumbered 
witli prisoners, it was impossil)le to continue tiie expedi- 
dition further as originally contemplated by General Crook. 
Had the surroundings been favorable and the infantry able 
to co-operate, the cavalry was to push on to Covington 
and release Dr. liucker, a union citizen prisoner who was 
on trial for his life at that place. 

Among the articles captured was a fine silk Confeder- 
ate flag, made for the command and but recently presented 
to it by their lady friends in Staunton, Virginia. At the 
earnest solicitation of the rebel officers the flag was subse- 
quently returned to the donors. 

From the nearly continuous march of seventy hours, 
the deep snow, insufficient rest and food and loss of sleep, 
officers, troops and horses were nearly exhausted. They 
fell asleep along the ro:i 1, causing frwpient gaps in the 
column, and necessitating tiie greatest vigilance on the part 
of the officers to keep it closed up in the rear of the j)ris- 
oners guard. 

At daybreak on the •27tli the bugle sounded a halt, in 
response to which men cheered and horses neighed. Roll 
call showed all the prisoners present. 

While horses are being fed, aul I)r>!a!vfa4 !n:rK! re:idy, 
let us attempt to draw a p'li j)ict;ire at' our sun-oundings. 
Imagine a wild and sjjurs ,'Iy settled region, wherc! it was 
more than five miles between houses, and smnv over a foot 
deep everywhere. All along the road tli" bushes added to 
our discomfort, by depositing great piles of snow in our 
faces, in our laj)s, and s )metimes down our l)aeks. At 
breakfast time with nearly frozen feet and limbs, we dis- 
mount in the snow to cook our humble meal. Are the 
men disheartened in the midst of all these gloomy sur- 
roundings? Not at all, but with cheerful hearts all hands 
join in, and soon hundreds of fires are burning; and with- 
in a few minutes the fragrant odor of coffee and bacon is 
borne upon the frosty air. iCveii the prisoners joined in to 



«»H SIX KING C'UKRK UAID. 

iiiakf tin* best of it, ami kqto uti rhefrful a» :iiiy. 

Tlu* horst'j* wtTi* fin! I»y t'IfatiinK awny tho snow aiul 
|il:iriii(r ilif ^niiu on tlu* groinul; <»r it was put in tanvnss 
i»a;;t«, tli.M- <<tra])|H-*l tn the annual'^ hcail, tin* l»ag t-oniin^ 
ii|ijn>il lu'ltiw the eN<-. ii \\as vrry anit'.sin^ tn watch 
tin* ImrMvo use this riruiivamc whi'U it was fir>t put on 
thtuj, hut thry woiiM s.iuii ltpow accustoturtl to it aiitl 
iiiaiiai;*- it vfry wt-ll. 

Ahout ( i<jlit o'cliH'k ihi- (uluniu was »;^aiu in motion, 
utiti n'a«'h('«l SuinniiTvilK' shortly aftt-r noon, (^uitr a 
nuuihcr of iho men had thi'ir feet frozt-n hadly, aii*l wen- 
Irit at thi> point until tlu-y sIkuiM !»• sulVuimtly rccovcrcil 
to ri^utnc tlu> march to (am)) I'iatt. 

On the listh wc niarchctl tn (Jaulcy l>ritl;^c, where the 
prisoners, captured horses, cU'. were turn»'tl nxcr to (Jtucr- 
al K. P. Scamm(»n'> IVovnvf Marshall, 'i'hc rcfrimcnt 
the;! pnh-<-<'d.Ml to th • Hud llf^'iM larm, a tew niilc> hclow 
Kanawha I'^ills, and camped lur the ni^ht. 

I)urii»}: the iii;:hl <•( the lioth while the «-ominaiid was 
eainpv-il at the Iliukle farm, thenuMi had prepared tlu* hest 
p!a('<*s tluy eollM to sleep on the hare ^rnun«l, the oflieers 
farinjr a^hadly. Colonel Paxton woidd not ^n info a house 
tn .■.hcjt w hile hi.t boy- Were thus e\p(»>ed to the weather, 
but shared the «'X|M)sure with them. l''i>r this sacriliee the 
eoionej was held in the hi;;hest estoem l»v the men: ami as 
an evideiu'c that this d»\(»tion was imt una|)preeiatet|, sduu- 
iilU- "-t'dethe blanket oil" the cnlMuel while he slept, and he 
rtuke up niaily frnzen. The lanixuage used by him nii this 
oeiasion was >m-h as mi;;ht have emanated from the hum- 
blcNt priviite in the raidv-. I*»ut the eulouel »'id not ij-et his 
bhuiket . 

lb p<.ii nrCohmel tl«<hn(". I'axtiui, lu aihpiarters See- 
., .J W. I \*;i.Miii;i ( 'availry; 

( "amp i'iatt, l)e<-. *J, |S(;2. 

Silt:— 1 n I'bMliriice to your order, I marched my eom- 

iiiuud. eonl•i^tin;; o| eiunpanies ( i, I, l-\ A, K. H. I'' and 

II, SeutMul Wert Virjjinia Ycduuteer Cavalry, in all IT'i 

nil II. rank and file, in i^iuu] order. i>u the mnrnimi mI No- 



SINKING CKKKK JtAJI). <;'.» 



venibcr 24th for Summcrvillc, arriving there at 10 p. m. 
the same day, a distance of fifty-three miles. Left Sinu- 
nierville next morning at seven t)'ck)ek and arrived at the 
Hinkle farm at 4 j). m. — thirty-five mik's — and, hcint; 
able to obtain some hay there, remained until 4 a. m. of 
the 2Gth, when we took up the line of march, in a l)lind- 
ing snow-storm, for Greenbrier, via Cold Knob Mountain, 
where we arrived at 10 a. m. the same day; distanec, twenty 
miles. Met Colonel Lane, Eleventh Ohio Volunteer In- 
fantry, who was to assist mo, in breaking up a rebel camp 
at the foot of the mountain, but, on account of the severity 
of the weather and hard marching, he wished to return to 
his camp at Summerville. 1 asked him to take the ad- 
vance until we met the enemy's pickets, which he did, and, 
in about one mile exchanged shots with six of the enemy, 
wounding one. Colonel Ijane at once opened liis rnnks 
and gave us the road. We pushed rapidly into the ene- 
my's camp, a distance of five miles, effecting a complete 
.surprise at 12 m., the enemy scattering in all directions. 
We killed two, wounded two, parok'fl one and captured 
two commissioned officers (one captain and one second 
lieutenant) one hundred and eleven non-commissioned 
officers and privates, one hundred and six horses and five 
mules; burned and destroyed about two hundred Enfield 
and Mississippi rifies and fifty sabres, with other ac- 
coutrements, stores and supplies, and their camp tents, 
etc. I had two horses killed in the enemy's cam]), and lost 
ten on the marcii from fatigue and exhaustion. The ene- 
my was found three miles from the foot of Cold Knob 
Mountain, on Sinking Creek, Greenbi-ier county. West 
A^irgiuia, at Lewis' Mill, and consisted of a part of five 
companies of cavalry, viz: Rockbridge Cavalry, Ikaxton 
Dragoons, Church'ville Cavalry, Valley Cavalry, and 
Nighthawk Rangers. They were men who had been in 
the service fifteen months and were located at this point to 
guard the mountain ])ass, and to organize a part of A. fJ. 
Jenkin's brigade. Our success was complete. We never 
lost a drop of blood. After securing the prisoners and 
horses, and destroying the camp, etc., we marched at 4 p. 
m. (on the 2<)tli) for Summerville, where we anivedon 
the 27th at noon, making one hundred and twer.ty miles 
for men and horses, without food or rest, except one feed 
of hay for horses, over the most rugged and mountain(.us 
part of West Virginia. Remained in Summerville utitil 
the 20th. Left for Camp Piatt, and arrived in camj) ou 



««» 



MNKlMi 1 I;KKK ItAII' 



the .'JOth at nuon. My iiu-n huflVrftl sevfrt'ly from frost. 
1 \vi\ two men in thv hospital at Suinnurville, whose bootfl 
w<- cut from thfir flit. (Mh«T.- w»Tr iimr*' «tr h-ss irozen. 
Mv hur^^•^ \MTf vcrv niiic-h riit down. I <-2innot dusi' thi> 
ri|Mirt without iK-mtvimIIv «'oinnlini»-ntin{^ tht- oflii-crs an<l 
nu-n, but, whrtf all b»hav««l m> gallantly, it is impossible 
to partitulari/e. iJut all honor is «int' Major I'owt-ll, who 
h'll the eharjje, and Company (i, Captain MeMahon who 
U-ii the oolnmn. I hav<- tin- h* nor to b«* vour obedient 
hervant, .1. C. Paxt«»n, 

C<d. Comniantling .S-coiul WC^t \'ir;_Mnia ("a\:ilrv. 
Cait. K. V. Kknmi.v. a. a. (i. 




V 



CHAPTER V. 



peters' mountain UAH). 



Following the Sinkiiio; Crook raid tlio rogimoiit ro- 
niiiinod in wiiitor quarters until January 15th, 1<SG;>, when 
it was ordered on an expedition cononionly known among 
the men as the Peters' Mountain raid. The object to ho 
obtained was supposed to be the destruction of the New 
River bridge. I have been at considerable trouble to dis- 
cover some official report of this expedition, but have 
failed to do so. 

The destruction of this bridge seemed to bo a hobby 
with General Scammon, and several attempts to destroy it 
with a small force ended disastrously to the raiders, owing 
mainly to the distance to be traveled and the nature of the 
country to be traversed. 

The command marched via Gauley Bridge, BigSewell 
mountain, Meadow Bluff, Alderson's Ferry, Wolf Crook 
and Centerville. At the southern base of Sewell mountain 
the command haulted for the purpose of feedirtg and rest- 
ing. Here a division of the force was arranged for, Col- 
onel Paxton with one hundred picked men and horses to 
command the expedition in person. The regiment thou 
moved forward to Meadow Bluff, wherv^ the command was 
to separate, Colonel Paxton to take his one hundred iiu'n 
and march in the direction of Blue Sulphur Springs, thence 
via Centerville. A force of rebel cavalry and infantry was 
known to bo stationed at that point; and as Colonel Pax- 
ton had no idea of attempting to whip that body, it was 
necessary tliat strategy bo employed. 



I'trTKlW MorNTAIN i:AII). 



Lieutenant Colonel Powell, with the remainder of the 
regiment, mnrelu-<l in the direction ut Lewisburg (at a 
eertain time, as pr« arran;jid.) lie went as far as the 
llantlUv and Fi-am^ter farms, makin<; a feint on Lewi^- 
bur^j. The lieutenant eolonel had positive orders to burn 
til*' llan lley hi»U'*i* aritl th- Feaujster barn, and if jmssible 
induce some of the rebel commands that were in Colonel 
I'axton's way to mnreh to the protection «»f lA-wisburj;. 

The buildin;;s referred t* wore on hi;;h ground, and 
when burningat niglit couUl bi* si'^n for a long distance. 
Thi> act of vandali*>m was reg-arded as a necessity of war, 
and was carrie«l into effect by Lieutenant Colonel IN»well 
and hi> command, who then in due course of time r(tiirne<l 
safily to Camp I'iatt. 

lufore >tarlin^ from Meadow lUiill', Cohuul I'axton 
infornu'd his iutrepitl band that they \m ri' to impersonate 
the rebel command of (Vdonel Clarkson, he him.-elf po>ing 
as the confederate colonel. Overcoats were strapped on 
tin- sjidtllcs, the men weatin;; bhinkets instead. The little 
column encountered the rebel pickets near Centerville, and 
were allowe«l to pass without (piestion. The pickets in- 
formed our mill that there was a fone of infantry in the 
town, but nothing daunted, they manlu-d boldly inlo( en- 
terville, aiitl ha!te«l. To throw the em'Uiy entirely oil their 
guard, the c(donel oiderrd the mm to n-niain in column in 
the .-treet and feed their liorsi.-; this was »lone, tli^e men 
i»earing themselves in an easy, careless manner, but re- 
maining near the horses ready to mount. 

The colonel informed a rebel ollicer, who .«eemed to 
have Mime authority, that he was Colonel Clarkson, aiul 
that he lunl be«'n doing «luty on the Hig Sandy rivtr, and 
had been ordered to rep »rt in liiehniond with one hundred 
cavalry. So<in the command was beyond ('entervillr. en 
route for Pcti-rs' mountain. 

riie column naehi d IVter-' .Mountain in .silVly, but 
a \ itdi-nl and blinding >totin then ra'^ing so (Minfux-d the 
guide thai he berjime bewihlered an«I h».-l hi> way, leading 
ti.< d< taehmeni n.anv mllt.H in lite w rout: direction. Thi.s 



peters' mountain iiaid. 



pleased the little band in the neighborhood of John Mc- 
Causcland's rebel cavalry regiment, and in view of all tlie 
circum.stanees Col. Paxton wisely concluded to i-eturn. 
This ho did, via Flat Top Mountain and Raleigh, V. II., 
thus eluding ail the ooufederate commands that were now- 
endeavoring to capture this pretended Colonel Clarkson. 

This exj)edition commanded by Colonel Paxton was 
not only extremely hazardous, but one of" great ex[)osnre 
and intence suffering from deej) snows and cold weather. 
These incursions (and I state it emj)hatically) so far into 
the enemy's country with a small force, were very danger- 
ous, and usnally resulted in little loss or damage to the 
foe, while imposing upon the men who made them the 
greatest hardship. 

This ex])edition closed the operations of the regi- 
ment for the winter, except the scout of Major McMahon, 
with seventy men, February 5th to 8th, in Wyoming 
connty. The Major found nothing but snow and moun- 
tains and frozen streams. 

In the latter part of February, 18G3, General Cro<tk 
ordered Lieutenant Colonel Powell to proceed to ^\'heel- 
ing on official business, pertaining to a more efficient arm- 
ing of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry. Only a small portion 
of the regiment was armed with carbines, the others still 
retaining the ancient horse pistols, which, as remarked be- 
fore, were more dangerous to ourselves and our horses than 
to the enemy. 

The Cavalry had been shamefully neglected in this mat- 
ter of arming; and, in view of more active service, it was 
being looked into. 

On the return of Lieutenant Colonel Powell to Camp 
Piatt, he was taken ill with a severe attach of bilious fever, 
but in six weeks so far recovered as to be able to be taken 
to his home in I ronton, Ohio. His restoration to health 
was 6o slow that he finally decided to cpiit the service, and 
tendercnl his resignation as Lieutenant Colonel. Before it 
was aecei)ted or acted uikmi, Brigadier General F. P. 
Seammo:i succeeded to the command of the Kanawha Di- 



vinion, thus ri'Iiovin>^ (JtMural C'rui.k, wlm was transiVrnul 
to tlu' army of tlu* C'umln'rlaml. 

During thi.- tiiuf the n-ginuut was lutivdy tiigiigeil in 
scouting over the country ^urri>unlIing C'aujp Piatt. The 
(tfticial rejHjrt, as folh»\v.-i, of t»ne of tht-sf Mout> will -unice 
for all: 

Report of Captain Daviil Dove, 'Jiid Wf.-t \'ir^inia 
( a\ airy. 

('AMI' riMT, \\ . \'a., April 7, iso;;. 

Sli: : — 1 have the honor to nuike the foIJowinu: r«jKirt of 
the result <tt my laic expedition through the counties of 
Loi^an and Caliell. In oheilieiiee toyour ord«'rs I mareheil 
on the 3r»l inst, with detaehnients of companies A, D, K, 
F, <i, II, I ami K. in all six commissioned orticers and J.5.') 
«'idiste»l men. Marched from (amp I'iatt to Red House 
on Coal Kiver. where* 1 arrived at rj«i'cl(»ck amleneamped 
for the remainder of the ni^dit, resuminjr the mareji at 4 
«i'elock on the niorninj; of the 1th, and arrived at ('!ia|>- 
niansville, on (iuyandotte river, at 11 o'clock a. m. Here 
we captured one captain iind two privates, sira^j;lcrs from 
.lenkin's command. After resting; for two hours I started 
down the river with the expectation of meeting Jenkins, 
harning that he hail not passed uji, picking nj) one or two 
men every few miles, hut could ascertain nothing definite 
as to his whereahouts until arriving at tin* m(»uth of Hart 
('re»k, \'2 miles helow Chapmansville. I learned that 
.le-nkins had left tin* river at this point, and mareheel 
toward Big Sandy river, and, as he ha«l some fifteen hours 
the start of me, ami the' rive-r was not forelahh' at anv pe)int 
near, 1 thought it unaelvisahh' to pursue him, hut contin- 
ueel elown the river until (I o'ch»e'k, wlie-n 1 halteel at the 
nuiuth of I'gly creek, remaining there until 2 trcleK-k on 
the metrning of the* r)th, anel again starteel elown the river. 
( )n arriving at the' falls 1 harne-d that a part of Swe-e-ney's 
Hattalioii, coninianih'd liv (aptain ( arpe-nter, hael en- 
eaiii|H<l tln" night he-fore- four miles lie-lt»w. I imme- 
eliately starte-el in pursuit of him, anel upon arriving 
where- he ha<l ene-ampeel I harnvel that he' haei marcheel 
in the dire-e-tion of Si ml river, having the* (■tiyanelotte 
road. Ne»t having a uuiele, 1 hael to f(dh»w his trail 
through one- «»f the wihlest see-tietns ed' e-oiintrv in \re-ste-rn 
Virginia. .Xhoiit two o'eloe-k I strue-k the* .Miiel rivei anel 
ti;i\(l(d lip it oiic mill-, fu whir<- lli<- trail airain h 1^ tin- 



PETERS MOUNTAIN JtAID. 



road, crossed the river and ascL-nded a very steep aud 
rougli hill, covered by a thick wood. \\'heii the advance 
was al)out half way down the hill on the opposite side, it 
came uj)on the enemy in a very deep ravine, into which it 
was almost impossible to force the horses. Alter a sharp 
skirmish we drove them from their position; when a 
very hazardous and exciting chase ensued, the enemy scat- 
tering in every direction. During the skirmish tiie enemy 
had one man killed and we caj)ture(l fifteen prisoners, 
fifteen horses and fifty stands c»f arms, which latter were 
destroyed. After resting an hour I started for Hurricane 
Jiridge, arriving thereat 8 o'clock, and camped there that 
night. From thence, marched on the 6th to Camp Piatt, 
leaving the prisoners at Charleston, for whom you will 
herein find a receipt. The result of the expedition was, 
killed 1, captured o4 men and 30 horses, and destroyed 
between 75 and ]()() stands of arms. Nf) one was hurt on 
our side. Veiv respectfully vour obedient servant, 

D. Dove. 
Capt. 2nd. \V. Va. Cav. coni'g exp. 
J. C. Paxton, Comd'g Keg't. 




( II \i'ri;i: \\ 



KXi*Ki>iTH».\ To i.Kuismuc;. 



( )ii or alxMit tlir lir>l «l:iv at' M:iv, iSd.'i, (u'ljcial S-aiii- 
iiioti iiriicr('<l ('iijoni-l I'axton, witli tin- n';xiiiiiiit, mi a rr- 
«''>iinai>:iii«'c to Lc\vi>l»tir^', As this e\|ic*li(itMi provftl so 
di>ii.strcnm in it- n-sults, and the nets of the comrnanilcr 
have lieon so sovorely j-ritirisi'd, ho Miflrrinj; the htss of his 
ollicial p(»sition in ronscijui-ncc, I will endeavor to j;iv.' a 
(K'tniled aeconnl of it, as well a< the ollieial Ctuiredeiate 
aeconnt. 

From ('.i!uj» Piatt to L '.vishurj; the distant' is al» mi 
one liundretl miles. 'I'he r.»ad leads np the Kanawiia river 
to the month ot' (iatih y and New Rivers, the jiineti(»ns oi 
the>e two river> I'ormin^ the Kanawha. ( 'ro^.-inj; (Janley, 
the road lei Ix np the east side «d* New river via the Toin- 
kins farm and Hawk's Nest, over Little and liig Sewill 
Mountain^ to .Meadow Illii!!', thimir to Lewi>hurjf. Some 
lively little l»ont»< weri- had with hnshwhaekers on the way, 
I). It no one on oiir side was killed, 

Cohuiel I'a.xtiMi was ajt|)rised on the road that lM;;ar's 
battalion (relud) wa> in the vieinity (d I^ewi.sburj;. 'Ihe 
rojonrd hojjcd ti» surprise tills li tdy of tin* enemy !in<l r<mt 
them, as had I»e4'n done of» a form<'r oeea>ion ; henee he so 
arnin;:e«| his march that dark foiiinl him almiil tw<Mty-five 
niiIeK from Lewi-hnr;;. Captain l>avid Pove. w itli a tletail 
from ('om|iany II, was jiJHced in tin* ndvanee. In ^<»in^ 
down Hrnshy Mountain, the advance ran into a seontin^; 
jmrty td'ahoiit thirty rebels, who snc-eirded in making tlnir 
i-.«:i|K- in the darkne^^ ('ni.t-iin li-.v.. ii..\\ \.iv natnnillv 



EXPEDITION TO EEWISHURG. 



al)an(l()n<><l the idea of a surprise, and informed the Col- 
onel of his eneoiinter Avitli the scouts, and the fallaev of 
hoping for a surprise. The Colonel ordered him to push 
on. This intrepid and daring; officer sent his orderly ser- 
geant to the officer in ctnninand of the column, advisinjr 
him to hold the column back, addinu^, "We are ^oin^ to 
get into trouble, and it will be better for the advance «.niard 
to sulTer alone, than for the regiment to be drawn into a 
trap." 

At 1 o'clock a. ni. on the moriiiii<; of May '1, l<sr>;i 
while the advance wasasccndino; a winding road dug through 
a wood on the Tuckwiller farm, they were surj»rise(l by an 
ambuscade of the enemy, whose guns flashed right in their 
faces. The regiment came rapidly up to the advance 
which had encountered a blockade in the road, James 
Smith, of the advance, was kilhd near the blockade, and 
Lieutenant George Shoemaker mortally wounded. 

The regiment endeavored to fight the best it could in 
the darkness, and did succeed in forcing back the rebel 
right. Captain Dove received a wound in the foot which 
eventually cause<l his death, (ieo. W. Hale was killed 
when the enemy's right was being turned. Alberto Har- 
vey, of Co. G, was al<o killed. 

After the rebel right had been tr.riied. Colonel Paxton 
had the recall sounded, and in obedience to tliis order the 
regiment fell back a short distance, and remained there 
until 11 o'clock a. m. 

The following is the re})ort of the Confederate Lieu- 
tenant Colonel, George M. Edgar, of this affair; 

Cai'TAIN : — It l)ecomes my duty to summit through you 
a report of the engagement which took j)lace west of I^ewis- 
burg on the morning of the 2nd instant, between the 26th 
Virginia Battalion and a regiment of U. S. Cavalry com- 
manded by Colonel J. C. Paxton. A report reached me 
about 2 ]). m. the 1st inst. that II. S. Cavalry had been on 
Big Sewell ^NIouRtain the night before, and had avowed 
their intention of capturing Lewisburg. I immediately 
sent out a strong cavalry scout to ascertain the truth of the 
rumor, and watch the (Miemy, if any emild be -ceii. ;uid 



78 KXTKUITIOX TO 1-1^1- 



r«'|M»rt as to his pr«il>aMt' strt-n^rth ami intfutioiis. About 
1 1 |i. m. oiir ot* tlie MMiitifig jMirty retiinutl aiul rtjiortcd 
tliat a larjff cavalry fort'e of tlu* ciu'iny was advancing 
u|Miii the town, and was already within nini* niiUs of it. 
At^tT ortlrrinj; stort-s, prisonfrs and >'\rU. to thr n-ar, I 
ftirnirtl the battalion :in«i niarclit-d it to Ilandhy'.- MilU, 
rwii niihs wr>t id l^t-wi.-bnr^, thr |Hl^ition M-K'ctMl for «1«- 
ft-nst*. Thi* di.'«|M>sitions fur batth- wrw an IbMows: (Vun- 
|»any A, (nptain Swann, in a ^kirt of woods tm 
tlif Hbii' Sidphiir tnrnpikr. to picv* nt th<- i'n<Mny 
from turnin;; our ri^ht llank ; ('oni|t:itiy H, Lic-uti-nant 
Ilini's, ami Company F, Licutmant l)unla|), alont; 
an important bi-ml in the rond on thi- wi-st .-itlc 
of tlif hill with in>truc-iions to refrain from firing uniil 
thi* head of the enemy's eolunin had passed thr left eoin- 
pany; ('om|»:»ny K, ("apt. S'ott, an<l Company (J, Ca|>t. 
Slorris, lu'liind the barricades across the road, and the 
fence to the ri;_dit and left of it; ("ompany ( ', Lii-ut. Peek, 
and Company 1>, ("apt. I5urdett, altout one hundnd yard> 
on the rifrht of the reserve, with in.-truetious to that 
olticiT to watch the ent-mv an<l report it he slwiuld attem|>t 
to turn ourri^dit Hank. With these dispositions we awaited 
the approa<'h of the enemy. We had M-areely finislu-d our 
preparations when the head of the «'nemy'> colunin ap- 
peared (about one a. m.) aixl be^^nu to tile up the hill by 
iburs, the men talking and lau;ihin;r. apparently unoon- 
M'ions of «»ur close proximity. I'nlbrtunately, before 
the head of the e<dumn had reaelied the center of the liiu' 
«>f riflemen, one of the men fired his j^un. This of 
i'ourse «ibli::eil the whole advance to fire, the enemy re- 
tiring; behind the bnid in the road in ;;ri at eonfu>iiui. 
Tin- firin;; theu be<'amc ;:eneral between theeiiem\'> ad- 
vance and <turs, and lasted several minutes. In Ie» than 
a minute after the lirinii ceased in iVuut. 1 \\:i> warned by 
a <piick vollev mi the ri;^ht that the enemy was endeavor- 
ing to turn our po-<iiioii. I iiiim«'(liately ordered the two 
n*serv«' com|ianie.- to Lieni. I'olk's support, and hastened 
in the direction (d" the firii;^. I had scarcely ^(uu- I'lO 
vards wher) I nut I he enemy <'haririni: in 
line through the wood>. I immediately caused ('ouipanv 
1 ) to file into the woods and comtm-nce firin;^, and af(erwatd> 
liurri»-<l forwanl ("ompany (" dlu' other rcM-rve com|an\) 
to its support. 'I'he firinj^f between the.-*' two <'«unpanies 
iind the enemv was heavy, find, realizing that oiir wd'ely 
t|'|"tid<d M]>'M ••" 'Mv at thi" point. I ■■■■I. r..! thf i w o 



expi-:dittox to lewisburg. 70 



rifle companies from the front, and formed them in suj)- 
porting distance of the twy companies engaged. Jnst as 
this took ])lace,the enemy's right charged up the road in 
front of the barrieach-, hut was iiandsonudy repulsed hv a 
voHcy from con^panics Eand (J. This was ilie hist voUev 
fired, tiie enemy wiiiidravving from both our front anil 
right. As he withdrew I sent out squads of both cavalrv 
and infantry to watch his movements, and very soon re- 
ceived information that he had formed in line in the open 
field in rear of our right, apparently for the ])urposc of 
charging our line from that direction. At the same time, 
from the noise I heard in the front of the left of our posi- 
tion, I conceived the idea that a portion of the enemy's 
force had been dismounted and would probably attack us 
from that direction also. I immediately withdrew n)y 
whole force within the inclosure on the left hand side of the 
road, and disposed it to meet tiie enemy in both directions, 
placing the rifle C')in])anies along the fences to the 
front, and the remaining force along the fences in the 
direction of which I supposed the charge would 
be made. With the force disposed as I have 
indicated, we awaited the approach of the enemv, 
feeling assured the attack would be renewed at daylight, 
if not before. At early dawn it could be jdainly seen that 
the enemy's force, with the exception of a picket, had been 
withdrawn beyond the hill in our front, and about o'clock 
a correspondence between Colonel Paxton and 
myself, which resulted in a truce until 1 I a. m.; 
the enemy asking the jirivilege of burying his dead and 
taking eai'c of his wounded. He h'ft a surgeon and a ser- 
geant to t;dvc care of his four wounded men, one of whom 
was a lieutenant. 1 have every reason to believe, however, 
that his loss was much heavier, for his ambulances were 
running busily for three hours, and citizens assured me 
that they were filled with dead when he retreated, and 
from the number of carriages and buggies he seized on his 
retreat, for the accommodation of his wounded, it is rea- 
sonable to supj)()se that the number was larger than ac- 
knowledged. It is gratifying to be able to rej)ort that 
there were no casualities on our side. The eneniy re- 
turned our fire with spirit, but with no effect. They took, 
however, four prisoners — three infantrymen and one cav- 
alivMian. I am. Captain, etc, Ceo. M. J]D(iAT{, 

Lieutenant Colonel Commanding. 



80 KXI'KMTIOX TO LFWISUURO. 



Tlie corro.s|Mnu!once botwoon tin* Vnioii nn<l C'onf«'«l«'r- 
ate C'tiloiu'ln w:if» as follows: 

To t lit- ofluvr i'diniiiaiuliii;; at Li\vi-l»iir^: — Mr. i i:«k- 
willer roijsfiils t«» ull<»\v tw«« iiicri !^trioii>|y >voiiii«l«-(l to it-, 
main at liis lii>iira> as tlit-y cannot Im' itiovr<|. Thiv, to- 
j;»tlur with tla* strpant \vln» rthiain> to nnrM-, will In* 
vonr prixini-rs t»f rouric, and I a>k iluM you um* tin- lai- 
nianiiy that you would havo tlu- ri;ilit to t'.\|Hft fntni u>. 
1 liavi* tlu* ln»nor ti» »»ul»MTilM* inysolf, your olM-difiit stT- 
vant. n. Nki.i.is. 

First A»s't. Surjjcon, 'ltu\ (\\'«st) \'a. Cavalry. 
I*. S. — It vou will do n>e tlw lavor to supply a sur- 
jr»'on to assist in ainptitatin;; a Nu'. it will lio n*i*iivod as a 
kindnc.vs. 

[Answer.] 
(>. Nt'llis, First A— istant Sur^rron, I'nd [Wfst] \'ir- 
^inia Cavalry : — Your favor lias Ixin nceivrd. Anv coni- 
ninni«*ati"ii ti-..". v-.m- .•..mmandin;; idricrr will Ik* rrt'i-ivnl. 

(iKn. M. ElXJAK. 
I.I ii!< i;; III Culnncl Coin nianiliiiif Outposts. 
On TiiK Fii:i.i>, May '2, is«;;j. 
Coniinandin;r Ollicrr, ( 'onft-dfrati' forces hcforc Lcwis- 
Imrj;: — Y«»ur note re<-eived. I did not know my surj^e<tn 
had ^one to the front with a Ha»r- Hi-^ !'"d my wish is to 
take care of our dead and woiiihIimI. I ask f<»r nntliin<r 
except what the laws of war and luimanitv a<k for. 

.1. C. F.WTnS. 
('.i!..!i.l C.iii)niMndin<r Fctrce. 
( A II -wit) 

« h\ .111 1 i.l.l. May lid, \sr,:]. 
Col. .1. ( '. l'a\toii. Coiiul'^ I'. S. l''orces: — Your favor 
has just hren necived. Your deatl will lie <'onv«'V»<l to 
you lor interment. Two nf my siir^'cons shall assist yours 
in atttiidin;; to your wounded. Of course the tru<-e shail 
exist until furmal^ -•......■•.'..! !,y y,uirsell. Hy order <>♦ 

(ien. h>hoN. (ii:«>. .M. Fiu;\i{. 

1,1. ('ol. ConHl';; .\«lvance. 
On the Fiehl, May *_M, ISC.'t. 
Major F«l;:ar. Coind';; Confed. l''or«'e.s near I^'wi.-^hnrf.'- ; 
1 wi-h to Itury my «lea<l and take some care of niy 
woiindetl. It will take until II a. m. ihi- dav. I have 
my siirm'oii. Any «'ourt<'sy you i-xlend to him will l»e n - 
turncil if octni-ion ofVcr-. .1. C. Pamon. 

' ' iih'.V Jinl \\ . \'.i. (avalrv. 




CAPT. E. E. WILSON, 




LT. COLONEL DAVID DOVE. 



Sec |ia;;(' SI. 



(/olouel Dove was au ideal A nn-rican volunteer. When the 
war broke out lie was twenty-one years old. He i)roini)tly en- 
listed in the three months service and was elected a liieutenaiit 
in the first ('onipany raised in Jackson County, Ohio At the ex- 
piration of this term he assisted in raising Co. H., Second W. Va. 
Cavalry, and was elected Captain of the same. Captain Dove 
was often entrusted with perilous missions, and in every case In- 
proved equal to the occasion. He was severely wounded May I'd, 
18ti8, (see paffe 77) after being wounded he was l)rought back to 
the house of Mr. B. S. Hmythers (at his own recjuest) where he 
was cared for by members of his own company and Mr Smyther's 
family In .luly he so far recovered as to be al>lc to return to his 
own home, near Jackson, Ohio. December 17th, lS();{,he married 
Julia E. Sniythers,a most estimable and aceompli.shed young lady, 
of Kanawha County, West Virginia Captain Dove was promot- 
ed to Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment, May l«th, 1863. In 
October he returned to camp and assumed the command of tin- 
regiment, until Colonel Powell's return in Marcli, 1S(!4 His 
wound comiH'Ued his resignation .Fuly 5th, lS(i4. He died .lanu- 
ary 12th, IKIiS, loved, honori'd and ri'.><pccted by all. 



Ow *h^ F?*M. >l»v :?'wl. "J**vr?. 



•i will tx? djnw. Ytiwair *iiBir^?po>oi wilt iwc^tw tfiw' 

j-ii'i.:- 'Jl and pr:' ."' •' • • •- - 
By 

Lie^Ltetiaiail! Co T'liii^T t. _ . . ,. 

Our Ichs* wat> fixtr kr , ■< at mis^a^. 

-,,--. .»■■''•'-..' 

and. tttat s*>me oae wa* t^ i^ the c 

z>-* he drawn imtw* ao . - . le, tke -: pirtvTJte in 

-■• ' -'^""te-nt knew. .>.■_ "■ ' '-'- - ••• ' •■■ 

jiiid havl beett u ... . . 

tenaat Geor^^ Sikoemaker. auwi i*riv«tes? Ikxun^v W. Hale 



promt^iiig o-fBcer, and the w%>and he njcwved on this oeva- 
-ioa n?adetvd him almost incapfthle ef ftirther service dur- 
:ag the war. 

While the eoEaraand severely eritieised^ and did nckt 

excuse the eoadtiet or' l^xton in |^^rmitting the 

surprise aad mak'"j: - '^ i*>S5>ible, yet» the very 

high estetem ia wi - uad men regar\l«4l him 

tor his many admirable tjiutlities as a gentleman, his kindly 

interest in an ' -- -• - -' ; want* i>t his et> ' his 

sreauine aaJ i. y ta the fi^Jg. anvl a to 

the union, made ali deeply syrapathiae with Coionei l*ax- 
He truly and sincerely loved his "boys** (as he 
I thi^ru) and was froiuently the central figure of 
I group, pleasantly taking |T«rt in sudi ct>nYer?ation as 
might be general about the i*amp. 

In July, lSt>5, after Wing dis^'hargi^l at Wheeling, W. 
Va. on our way honu\ quite a numlH^r of us had iH^'asion 
to stop off at Marietta, Ohio, Colonel Paxton's home. 
While on our AViiy to the niilrvwd de|x»t we met the etdonel 
an.l of course, all greete*! him wnrmly. Said he : "IJ^iys of 



S2 



KXI'KI>lTlOX To LKWisuriu;. 



tliL- S iMiul West Virginia Cavalry, (iinl l)lt's>* ymi," aiul 
tlu' oKI warrior was so overcome witli oiuotioii that he 
wept liken ehihl. The colonel ha8 long since been "gathered 
to his fathers," ami when we shall assenihh' at the great 
roll eall ahove, we will want no warmer weleumc Irom 
friend- than that of the old eonunander, "Hoys of the Sec- 
ond West Virginia Cavalry. (Jod ble^x yoni" On May 
7?h, 1HIJ;{, Cidonel John C. Paxtoii left the service. To 
fill the vacancy thus cnatid a universal di- 
mand went up for the appointment of Lient. 
Colonel I'oweil as Colonel *ti' the reginuMit. The entire 
(>oininand knew Lieutenant Colonel I'owell to he a hrave, 
fwirless and t-rticient otlicer, and all .secmetl fully to realize 
that he wa-the proper man to had them. Therefore (lov- 
ernor I'ierrepont urgetl the Lieutenant Cohuiel to reccjn- 
sider his purpose of leaving the service, and to accept the 
command «»f tin- ri'giment. 'J'his jjrnner. endorsed as it 
was, indueeil Colonel I'owell to recall his roignation and 
a<'cepi tin* command; an»l thereupon Lieut. CohuH-l Win. 
IL I'owell was comini.ssioned :is ('nlom 1 <il" the iM \\ . \ a. 
Cavalrv. Mav IS. ]H(\:\. 




CHAPTER VII. 



THE JOIINMKS AFTER THE LOUI* CliEEK U II A RFKOAT 



The time iinmediately fblluwiiig was oceii[)ie(l in drill- 
ing and scouting. The most imjiortant event that trans- 
pired was about June 27th, wiion the officer learned that the 
rebels had formed a plan to burn the Loup Creek Wharf- 
boat. Preparations were made to capture the raiders, as it 
was known they would be in small force. Captain Chas. 
E. Hambleton was sent to Loup Creek with two conij)an- 
ies, and other forces were distributed in such a manner as 
the exigencies of the case seemed to require. The wharf- 
boat was moved across the river out of danger, and the 
coming of the enemy awaited. 

The enemy came, but witii all the j)recautions taken, 
made o;ood their escajie. As they came in on the r(»ad 
guarded by Captain Ilambleton's force, I will give that 
officer's version of the affair, without further comment. 

Camp Piatt, Va., June 28, ]86;i. 

Sir: In obedience to your order I started with C-om- 

panies B and I, 75 men, June 26th, at 7 ]). m. Crossed 
the river at this place and proceeded to Loup Creek Land- 
inji:, where I arrived at 3::>0 a. m. June 27th. I immed- 

111 

iately sent out a ])icket of twelve men to stand on the road 
below Loup Creek bridge, about three-quarters of a mile 
above the landing. I then ordered my command to un- 
saddle and cool their horses, and then saddle and feed. 
They had unsaddled and were lying down, when my picket, 
having gone to the place designated, found a picket guard 
of Company F already stationed there, when they re- 
turned. But I was not aware they had returned until 
afterward. Thcv had Idon back filtoeu or twenty minutes 



SI I'M I . uKKK " II \i:ir.<' \T. 



anil my nun wrre just smMliii^, wIumi the rebels oame 
(la-liin;; in, yelliiijj ami •^liootin^, wliieli was the lirst 
mttiec I ha>l of th(*ir appntaeh. The pieket liaii retreated 
lip the roa«I iii»t«:i«l (»t' tow arils us. My men sprang to 
till ir arm- and rired into tlie advancing eojuinn, but on 
iliev I'aiiie. The lir>t Mjuailrtui «la>he(l rij^ht throu^di u>, 
so we Were between them. 1 orilereil the men that were 
iiKU* nie t<» K^'l iinder the river bank Konie twenty k-et from 
t'u' road. S»me few p»t into the woods above, and some 
were taken pri>«onii>. Some ei;;ht or ten iiifantrv on the 
opposiii- >idi* of the river tire<l into them, while my <-om- 
luaiid who were near the river bank als«» lired on them, 
whieh was tin* means of starting;; them down the road. 
While they were jKis-in^ us Lieut. Carlisle ealled to thoM- 
who were prisoners to nilly under the river bank, and some 
t«n or twelve savid themselves by runnin<; and jumping as 

direrti'd, th-' rebels not daring to follow. Tiicv the 

rebels started to return, but attain lell bat k and \fent up 

Arm>tron;; Creek on the ;;alIo|), while alxnit thirty, sup- 
|M)sed to be the rear ^uard, did n(»t y:et past us at all, but 
retreated up Loup Creek. Their foree has been variously 
e-tiiiiated, but fmrn what I eould see, ami i'unn the be>t 
iiifnnnatiuM obtained, 1 jud^^cd tlirm to i>e about li'J-'j 
•»inMi<;, umlrr eomnuiud of Majnr Ilaih-y. The whole af- 
fair did not last over lifteeii <>r twenty minutes. That we 
did ni»t allow the rebels to do this without re>.i.»tanee is 
evideneed by the faet that they left one dead, three badly 
woiind(«l, livf liorx's Killed and three wounded. I am, 

Voiir ( )bedient Servant. 

( Has, K. IIamklkton. 

( ':ii't:iiM ( "nmd'g. 

Ci.i. \v. II. ruweii. 

Li the interim Ix-tween the l^tli id .May, I S(*»."'., the 
opi-ra!i<)n> of the re;xiineut were (d minor importance. 
I Miriti;; this time ('ol. Towell's In-allii liati been re>t(»rrd. 
and the re'^imeiit reor;;ani/.ed and fitted for active service. 

The e.imp life at this time was of the highe>«t type id 
« n'/ivment. The ipiarters were in the shape of a "-iiuare, 
and eoiiHl^tCii of good log house*., with kitchens for the 
di!r«'rent iiii'-sm's. Th • houses on the east side of the 
Mpiare were iM'cupied liy the eompany ollicers, the regi- 
liii-iital lieadtpiartetH being in a house near tin Kanawha 
river on ih<' west. The -tables were a -lion iji-taiie- north 



LOUi» cuEi:i: whakfuoa r. «5 

of the camp. To the rear of the officers quarters there was 
a mountain of considerable height, its sides steep iukI al- 
most inaccessible. In front ot the camp, flowed tlu- 
Kanawha river, with Brownstown on its opposite bank. 
It was four miles down the river to IMalden, and ten miles 
to Charleston. Daring the month of June the regimciihil 
surgeon recommendeil that the men be supplied with nlc, 
as it would be conducive to their health. When tiiis be- 
came known, the file of the regiment readily expressed 
tiieir willingness to take the i)erscribed medicine, and were 
ready to bless the name of Dr. ]\IcKeown. Word was sent 
to some Jewish merchants in Charleston that they might 
sella few dozen bottles of ale to the regiment daily. Two 
or three of those enterprising dealers soon aj)p('a red in 
camp, and disposed of their merchandise at a good profit. 
This was a bonanza for the vendors, for ordi- 
narily they were not allowed to sell to soldiers. 
There was no indication that the men would 
abuse the privilege, and the merchants obtained leave to 
make another visit within a few days. On the next trip 
they brought a considerable quantity of the stimulant, and 
with the large demand and their former success, deter- 
mined to make a larger profit. The soldier has his own 
ideas of right and wrong, and will quickly resent a wrong, 
especially when his finances are involved. No sooner had 
they learned that ale was suddenly advanced in price, than 
they reached the conclusion that ale was a contraband of 
war, and so confiscated the entire lot. This ended the ad- 
ministration of ale as medicine in the regiment; but by this 
time it was unnecessary, as the men were in si)lendid 
health, the result, no doubt, of the ale. 

The following order will explain itself: 

Charleston, W. Ya., July -S, 18G;3. 

General Order 
No. 9. 

The thirty-fourth mounted Ohio volunteer infantry, 
second (West) Virginia Cavalry and two companies. First 
(West) Virginia Cavalry, under Captains Cilmnre and 



8(] 1 . .1 1 < i:l Ik W IIAIMISMAT. 



Deluut'v, will cuirotituti* a hrigJuU* muhr the coininaiul of 
(.'olonel tlolni T. 'r«)laii(i, and, until fiirilar ordeiK, ho tlos- 
ignatt'd ni* the riiinl l)ri;;ad«-, Thii"! hivi«.i<tn Kighth 
Army Cor|)>. By et^unuKuul ol' 

.Ias. L. lioTSFoiii'. A. A. (I. 

The foUowin;; iueideiit is only illustrative of tlic 
many {H'rilous times ex|K'rience«l hy small detachments of 
eavalry making nij;ht marches (tvi-r mountainous roads. 
Comrade Kiehard l5arron, of ('omj)any (I, and who was so 
severely 'voundid on the occasion as to have been, for 
awhile at lea>-t, left for dea«l. has furnished me these partic- 
ulars. During; the summer of iSO.i Companies (1 and K 
were attached to (\donel \N'hite's hrij^ade, which lone 
occupied Fayetteville. The cavalry were kept busy seout- 
inp an<l iloinp patrol duty. A force of confederates under 
(u-neral McCau.-lanil was camped at Piney Creek, three 
miles beyontl Ivalei;:h ( '. II. mid ahniit thirty miles fr<»m 
Fayetteville. Twice a week, in adtliti(»n to the ilay scouts, 
the cavalry made ni^ht marches, attacke«l and dr(»ve in the 
rebel pickets, thus alarn)inp their camp. (I(iieral McCaus- 
land Icarninj; that these little incursions on his outjxists 
and camp were oidy by a small force of cavalry rarely 
exceeding fifty men, devised a plan to punish them. Their 
plan was eminently successful, as this narrative will show. 
I'^rly on the ni^ht of July .'>rd the enemy ])Osted lour 
eon)panies of infantry alxtiit eij^ht miles from Raleigh on 
the steep sides of a minint:iiii. where they lay concealed 
until the little band of eavalry pa>sed their position. They 
then came into the road, where it had been diij; and hewn 
along the side of ^he mountain. l-'or some tlistance along 
the lower side of the road was a slojting precipitous bank 
about sixty feet high which led down to a small stream of 
water. The side of this bank was covered with jagged 
rcM'ks, most of them having been torn tVom the roadway 
in its construction. .\t sun down on .Inly -trd, tifty-one 
men of companies ( i and K , under «-oniiiiand of Captain 
Joseph Aukrom, starlnl out the Uahigh rtiad with onlers 



LOUP CREEK WIIAIiFlJOAT. 87 

to ascertain if the enemy's pickets were still posted as usual. 
After the little band passed the point where the enemy 
lay concealed, the latter came into the road, felled a tree 
across it, and by sharpened limbs, and other material 
hastily gathered formed an impassible barrier for cavalry. 
They then posted themselves in advantageous positions 
and awaited the return of the scouts. The latter pro- 
ceeded to near Raleigh ('. H., where they encountered 
and drove in the rebel pickets, and soon after started on 
their return. About 3:30 a. m. on the morning of July 
4th, when the advance of the scouts encountered the 
blockade, and while many of the men in the column were 
sleeping on their horses, they were suddenly surjjrised 
by a volley being fired into their ranks from front and 
flank. The rear men dashed forward to the relief of their 
comrades, and thus adding to the confusion, which was 
intensified by the yelling and firing of the enemy. Dead 
horses were piled on top of each other, and the only escape 
for the men was over the rugged rocks referred to. livery 
man in the command was either wounded with ball or cut 
and bruised by the rocks in making their escape. Of the 
fifty-one horses only one came out uninjured. Only three 
men were killed outright, (see death roll) as the fire of the 
enemy was low. Eighteen prisoners were taken away, 
the wounded were carried to a house some distance to the 
rear, the enemy remaining until after sunrise and t-aring 
for the injured as best they could. The rebel captain in 
command (Mr. Phil. Thurman) recognized in Mr. Ban-on 
an old acquaintance, and it was by his orders that the 
wounded were carried to the house and cared for. 

The narrator says that when the prisoners, by their 
own request, were brought to the house, that they might 
see their wounded companions, they looked like they had 
gone through a threshing machine they were so cut and 
bruised and their clothing so torn. The same day a })or- 
tion of the 91st O. V. I. came out and removed the 
wounded to Favetteville. 



( IIAI'TKK \ 111 



Tin: WYTiiKVii.i.K i:.\ii>. 



( )ii liii- l.Jtli tl:iy <i( .Inly, iMl.'i, tin- cxiHtlitidii to 
\\ ytlu'villf was or«;:iui/« tl. llio ohjtct hrin^ to ilc.stn»y t\\v 
l*^i-t N'ir^iula ami 'riiiiH'>Mt> i-ailroad. Much care lias 
bvvu takiii to obtain all tlir inforinatioii |i«issil>lc in this 
connection, ami this is snhinitted as hein{«: forfect almost 
in detail. 

The raiding; party consisted of the .'ilth O. \". 1. 
nionnted infantry, nnniherin;; .")(>."», (dlicers and men, umler 
Lieut. Colonel V. K. I'raiikliii; xvcn (((nipanies (»f the 2nd 
\N'e>t \'ir^inia Cavalry, viz. companies I>, C, 1), K, V, II 
:'.n«l I. •".<»'» otlicers and nun, under theconimand of C(»h»nel 
Win. II. Powell. The e.\pe<lition leltCamp I'iatt, West 
Virginia, on the 1.5th tlay of duly, lS(i;j,at4 o'clock p. m. 
The movement was ma<le through I'avette, Kaleigh, 
Wyonjing, Mercer, Ta/ewell, liland an<l Wythe counties. 
The route was mostly over a rough, rugged, mountainous 
country, this heing the lirst time that much of it had been 
traversi-d by union troops, as owing to the topography of 
the region, the execution of rapid movements so CKsential 
in nuiking a raid, was very dilVicuIt. The entire route, 
alter having |-'ayelte, was ^ul1ici» titlv occupied by delach- 
nients of the cneni) \s i-avalry. <ir by bu-h\vhaekers and 
|o«'al organi/ation^, as to cau>e delays, and thus retard our 
progress. The <-omniand riaj-lud IMncy Creek, near 
Raleigh C. II. on the night of the 1 lih, when the head of 
the cidumn was tir<d nptui from :in :indiiis<ade, by which 
tin- .'Mill < ►. \'. I. !>i-i three null kill<<l and four woumh-d. 





.1^ 



Jiflff' 



LT. JOHN M. CORNS, 

Nou h<ni«»ial»ly mtviiij,' liis twciily- 
fliinl rMriMMiiiivc y«ar a** Mayor of 
Iroiitoii, < Miio. 




fri^M\ 




(7 ^ 



Tin-: \vYTHi:vii,F,i: itAiD. ,s'j 



This was understood to have been caused by a bluiukr of 
the commander in not providing a sufTicient advance guard 
thus allowing the column to be drawn into a trap. 

AVhile going into oamj) here a communication was 
received from General Scammon referring to order sent 
by Captain Gilmore, and directing Colonel Toland to return 
to the forks of Coal lliver roads and move immediately 
upon the Virginia and Tennessee railroad at ^\'ythevill(•, 
Virginia. Owing to the darkness of the night and the 
confusion caused by the ambuscade, only a portion of the 
command received or understood the order, aii<l in conse- 
quence the column became broken and sepaiatcd. One 
part of the command proceeded under command of Lieu- 
tenant C(»lonel Franklin to the town of Kaleigh C. ]I., 
and a portion with ('olouci Toland struck the Wyoming 
pike live miles from Kaleigh C II. This occuj)ied nearly 
the whole of the night. The horses had now been under 
saddle ior thirty-six hours and had marched a distance of 
sixty-five miles, according to information received from 
the guides. Lieutenant Colonel Franklin was immediately 
ordered to that point, and at ten o'clock a. m. the whole 
command was united at Ihe Harper farm, six miles west of 
Ilaleigh on the AVyoming pike. Here Captain Gilmore, 
of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry, with two companies of 
that regiment, joined the column with the train (.'outaining 
supplies. From this point the commanding officers were 
ordered to send back to Kaleigh all uuserviceable horses 
and all men who were unfit to continue th.e inarch. 

At 1 o'clock p. m. Colonel Toland moved forward, 
having in his command a total f(jrce of 818, exclusive of 
one company of the 2nd ^\'est Virginia Cavalry, which was 
to escort the train back. The forces were as follows: 
Thirty-fourth O. V. I., (mounted) 441 officers and men; 
2nd West A^irginia Cavalry, 298 officers and men; I'^irst 
West Virginia Cavalrv, 70 officers and men. 

At the marshes of coal river the command was halted 
and supplied with four days rations for the men and three 
days forage for the iiorses. From this j)oint the train was 



! ^1 1 \\ ^ 1 II I '. ii.i.i: ISA 1 1' 



s**nt bark, and the fnrci* raiiiiH'd for the ni«rlit on tin- Jiuies 
farm. Tlu* Mar>li fork of ( 'nal rivrr luiiij; iiu|)a.-><»l>lo for 
lioix-vH witiiout >wliiiiiiiii);, a l»ritl<;c wascoustriu'titl, and dm 
the nioriiin^ of the 10th theeoluniii erostieil the river, piir- 
Miiu;; a eoiirse that h'<l over Little ( itiyaiulotte luuiintains, 
ami l>y way »if Wyoininj^ Court Houm-. The eoiuiiiatul 
eam|H'»l Ijere on the niy;ht of the KJth, having' njarehe<l a 
«li>tunee of ahout forty niih's. 

On the 17th tlie route was jmrMicd in the (lire«tion of 
Ahhs N'alK'V, via Tiiix inonntaiiis. \\ hile«)n the mountain 
it was nseertained that a .-mall loree o( the enemv was sta- 
ti<»ueil at the head of the valley, |ii<'ketin<; the ^'ap or roati 
throu<;h whirh our route lay. Colonel Tolaiul ordered 
Colonel Powell to ;;<i f trward with three eompanics of the 
•Jnd W'e-t Viri^inia C:i\:iliy, ;md (iid> aV(U' to surprise and 
• apture the pi«k<(>. 

On the road the adv;iii<'o capttircd an oM man with a 
j-(juirrel rille on his .»ln»uhler, the rej>ort of which had just 
died away. Hut on aeeount of his a^e In* was not sum- 
nnirily puni.-hfd. Tiie C(»lonel (piestioned him elosely as 
to the location of tiie enemy's picket, and the location and 
strenj;th of the force camjH-d in Ihe valhy. The (dd man 
j;ave tin- rctjuinil information in a straijihtlorwanl and cor- 
rect n)anmr. The force in the vallev eon-i.-ted of .1. K. 
Stollinjrs' coiiipar.y of' rebel infantry, ahout sixty stnuj«;. 
Lieutenant David-on, who was ever anxious for such dutv 
and very elliejcnt in performing; it, was sent forwaitl to 
<-aptiire the pickets, without firinjj; a j:un, if possible. It 
Mas raining, an<l the outpost of six nn i» were all in-idi- a 
tent, which was revi-alcd to tin- advam-e l»y the harkin;: of 
a <lo^'. They r<»de up <pii«kly and captured the «'ntire 
picket before <ine of them had tinu* It* j^et t>utsidc the tent. 
This made the <'apturc of the eom|)any an ca»y matter. 
Approachinj; t<» within a short distance of the hou- • where 
the com|)any wa- (juartered. a charge w.i- made, the Iioum- 
surrounded and all the inmate-; cajitiired while thev were 
enjoying an old Virginia lioe-d(iwn. 

The captuies eoiihinted of forty-live prisoner^, twentv 



rm: w vrnrvii.i.i: iivin. 



liorsos and fivo lumditHl siaiul- o{' arms, iho arms briii"' 
intoiuliHl for rocrnits. The prisoners wore taken alonir, 
the arms. (Quarters, ote. destroyed. 

Puslunj:; on that day over very rouirli road>, the eohimn 
camped that niiiht on the 'Payhn- larm, six miles Ironi .Tef- 
fersonviUe and t'oity-livt> mdes tVom Wvthoville, havinij 
niarehed lorty-tive miU^s on the 17th. Me had been driv- 
ing: !i small t'orei^ all the previons afternoon, but thev kept 
out o\' our way and did not retarvl our pro:jross materiallv. 
This foree was in our rear on the ISth, they ha\ in^ taken 
the road to detVersonville. snpposiuir that we wore goin^ in 
the tlireetiiui t^f the salt works. C')!! the ISth the oonunand 
marehed rapidly in the <lireetion o{^ Wytheville. the rear 
eoi\stantly skirmishiuii' with the enemy. During the dav 
the Abbs N'alley prisoners, ]n*ovini:: to be an ineuinbranee. 
were i>aroled. 

The piekets v>t the enemy were eneountered about one 
mile from Wytheville. They tell baek at our appn^aeh, 
and a skirmish line of the enemy was discovered alonar a 
hnv rid<::t^ that covercl our view ot'thc town and coutvalcd 
the position and strength of the enemy. 

The V^iist anvl Second West Virginia Cavalry com- 
jvjinies weiv in the ivar at this time, and Colonel Powell 
was onleivd to the tVotU with the inwalrv to chat^^ tho 
skirmishers. C\>lonel Powell, seeing the {K>sitiou on the 
ridgt* and n»U knowing the pisitiiiU of the enemy beyond, 
ivipu sted CoKmel Toland to dismount a jH>rtion of the 
intUntry and drive the skirmishers in. Thi;? suggestion 
was characteristically disregarvUnl. and the onler to charge 
vigor^nisly renewinl in nnneivs.>ij\ry languagi^ The onier 
w:\s pn^mptly obcyi\l. and the chargi* in ^vlumn of fours 
down the rvvul In^gtin. The little Hue of Confeilerate skirm- 
ishers tleil. and. when the |H>int was rt^ached wher^* they 
luul Uvu statiouixl. it w;\s seen that we were within a short 
distautv i>f the town. hemnuHl in by a high stake and rider 
lence, and the enemy jx>stiHl in houses along lH>th sides of 
the street. Into this avenue of death the column dasheil. 
and, although it rtwive\l a volley trom the e^numaud sta- 



i lir W V rilFVM II I: \ 11'. 

tiuiiril ill tilt* htroi't and iroiii tin* iioiisi's, it rude tliruii^li, 
rapturin*; the ft»tnitmnii iti front. The coliiiiiti was now 
• litrkiil, «»\viii«; to till- «load horsi's and to tlir i'act that C'ol- 
oiu'l INiWfll had Ihtm wotiiidi'd ami Major llonitianV Iiotk* 
kilU'd, HtiiMiiiii;; thi- major in the Tail. (.'oKuiil loland 
hnrrifd torward, t'vi<h>ntly K-i-in^ the mistakf he had matU* 
l>y rhar}j;in;; in column, when thi'iv was pliiity of open 
p;ruuud on rach side of tlu* road. .\ company <tf the 
Thirty-fourth was ilismonntcd ami (hph>ycd as skirmishers 
on the ri|;ht of the n»ad, while some of the Stcoiul West 
Vir^jinia pnlli<l d«»wn the fence to the left ami <leployed 
also. This soon cleared tliL* town of the enemy, hnt 
n >t witlia'it fi'.irfiil \oii. Colon:'! .lu'in T, Toland was 
killed nniler the following; clrcnmstancfs: After Colnml 
I*«»well was woumlcd, Colonel 'I'olaml came to thi* front to 
«lirc<'l the movements ol' the dismouiitetl men. He was sit- 
ting on his li(»rM' near a jiond of water. riic rebels were 
lirint; from the upper windows of a two-.-^tory i)rick house, 
and l»y tlie l>ullet.>. strikin;; in the water, it was evident 
that the Colonel was the object ol their aim. Hi- atten- 
tion was called to this fact, but he replied in inelegant lan- 
^iiap' that the bullet to kill him had not yet been muulded 
.Vbout this time he wa>< shot through the heart and killed 
iu'^tantly. I was near him. and distinctly heard the fatal 
ball strike his body. Captain Diiinis Delaney of the I'irst 
N'ir^i Ilia Cavalry wa-; kiilctl, and Fir>t Lieutenant Wil- 
liam K. (lUseman of the .-ame ri'j;iment wa> mortally 
woiindi'd. Oiir lo>s wa-^ fourteen killi-d, thirty-two 
wiiumliHl, seventeen pri.-imers an<l twenty-.-ix misxini;. 
Thi"^ loss includes the entir;* tri|>. l»ut nearly all the casu- 
alties were at NN'ytheville. We ca|>turc<| al»out one hun- 
tlrcd j)risonurs in the town, two pieces of artillery, and 
about five hundred stands of arms. The dania<;e done the 
railroad wa- onlv a small matter, but the reason of this 
was undoubtedly the lox-. of our commanders, namely, 
Colomd Tidand killetl, anl Coloml IV)Wtdl severelv 
wounded. The rebel (uneral Sam .lones, at Pub- 
lin Depot, in his ollieial report >aV' that this was 



Tin-: WYTiii:vn,i,F. iiaid. 03 



all that saved the' tlestniction of tlu' railroad, as there 
were not enoiijjjh rebel troops at hand to prevent the raid- 
ers destroying considerable ])roperty, as they snpposed 
our object was Saltville, and their energies were spent in 
prej)aring to defend that place. Our men became so in- 
censed from having been fired on so fatally from the shelter 
of houses, that they set fire to that portion of the town, 
and (juite a number of houses were burned. Most of this 
shooting from houses was d(jne by armed citizens, and 
hence the destruction of this part of the town was eortairdv 
justifiable according to the rules of war. Many of the 
Second \\'est Virginia assisted famiiies to places of safety 
and no wanton acts were committeil. The fisrht com- 
meuce<l obout sun-down, and did not last over twentv min- 
utes, when we had entire possession. All our wounded, 
together with the assistant surgeon, Ozias Xellis, of the 
Second Virginia Cavalry, Sergeant E. A. Thomas, John 
N. Stewart and a few others who had been detailed to care 
for the wounded, fell into the hands of the enemy as pris- 
oners of war, and were subsequently taken to Richmond. 
About ten o'clock at night, I^ieut. Colonel l^^ranklin, of 
the -'Mth O. \. I., who now was in command of the l)i-ig- 
ade, repoited to Colonel Powell, through his adjutant, 
Lieut. Clark, for instructions. Colonel Powell re- 
])li('d, *'sav to Colonel Franklin to be governed 1)V 
existing cii'cumslances, and to exercise his best 
judgment in getting the command back to the 
Kanawha Valley. And that in his oj)inion it was imprac- 
ticable to attempt to continue the raid as originally in- 
tended, as the force was too small to cope with the enemy, 
now gathering from all directions. It was near midnight 
wh?n the force left the place on the eventful return march. 
About twelve miles from Wytheville all the prisoners 
were paroled, and the two ])ieces of artillery destroyed. 
About twenty miles on the Tazewell road the command 
left the main road, and took a mountain route to the right, 
crossing Queen's Knob, Walker's iSrountaiu, ])rush I^foun- 
tain and thus through Ifunting ('amp, leaving I'ock Cap 



94 TiiK \vv niKvii.i.K i:aii«. 



tui •»ur rij^ht. (St-e Johti .MtC'jni.««tlamlV roport, rebel,) 
llieiice ijorllixvisl •►vt-r \\'i»lt' Creek and Kast Kiver Mouu- 
laiu!4, ero.-.-iiijg tUv Tazewell ami Meelianie.slnirjr, the Ta/e- 
well uiul l*uri^l)llrJ; ami the Tazewell ami hjist Kiver main 
road> or pikes, thenee aeru>v< the Stone Kiil^t- into the 
north t»f Alih's \'alley «)n the I^aurel fork of Hlue^tone. 
Here we eam|K'(l on the ni^ht of the IJUh, liavinj^ inareheil 
forty-five miles from Wvthevilh-. On Sunday t-vtiiin;^ 
the null the firnt attack was madi* on the nar }iuanl, 
whirh was in eharp:e of I^imt. Davidson. Kiit though the 
litlli- forer of relnl cavalry in pnrsnit matle repiatcd at- 
tempts to ent the ^nanl oil from the main column, yet 
they <lid not materially interfen* w ith the march. 

Monday morning, .Inly liUth, at ."> o'clock a. m., the 
manh was re.-nmed, and a continned attack was kcj>t n|> 
on the rear hy ati incnasin;; force of the enemy com- 
mand<-d hy Maj<»r May. At one time they charjjjetl into 
onr nar jruard with saher, a rehi-l otlici'r cuttin;; Lieut. 
I)avi«l<;»n severely on his wrist, the lieutenant reply in<; 
with a pisi(d shot whicli unhorse*! tht darin;; confederate. 
Sooti after tliis oeeurrenee some of our eoMimaiid di>- 
niounted an<l formed an amhiiscade into which the pur- 
.•iuers were dniwn, and .so ha<lly used up that they did not 
apiin attack the rear. The march was l)y mountain j>aths 
a«T«»ss the west of (Jreat I'lat Top M«»untain, ovi'r Indian 
Ki<l»je, Pinnacle Kid^rc, and down Pinnacle Creek, an<l 
theiiee aero.s.s Casey's and Parker's Pidj^es, and alon^ 
pond Mountain, finally cro>.sinp: (iuyandotte an<l Pond 
Mountains to to tin* mar-lies of Coal river, where we 
struck Majtle Meailow ru;id, at a distance (d" nine miles 
from Palei^h ^ '. II., from which point wc Miar«-hed 
through the town ot" Palei^di, and ri-stcd at l"'rancis* 
farm on tin- Kalei;;h an<l I'ayettevillc road at 'j «»'clock p. 
m. «d' .lidy 'JJnd. I do not know where wc cjimped the 
nights (,f the "Joth and 'Jlst. < >nr rations had lonu since 
jfiven out, and th«- eoniniand \\:i- nearly in a state of .-tarv- 
nti«»n, a- the «ountry traverstd produced nothing; hut 
liiidti'i Mild folk-. ( )ii (lie I'VMiintr ill the I'l^l :i porti'in 



THE WVTIIi:VII.[,K llAII). Q" 



of the command obtaind four small steers, 
and a small (juantily of corn nual. The 
l)aths along which we jiassed presented obstacles alni(j.-t 
imi)assable, being filled witii fallen timl)t'r and winding 
over rocky steeps which are lieyond description; and now, 
at this late day, it seems almost incredible to think of a 
mounted command pursuing such a route. Owing to the 
lack of forage and the severe labor undergone, many 
horses gave out from exhaustion and were left on the road. 
The number has been roughly estimated at three hundred. 
Quite a number of horses M-ere captured in Tazewell and 
Wythe counties, so that probably not more than one hun- 
dred men were marched into camp dismounted. On the 
night of the 22nd two messengers on fresh horses were 
disj)atelied to Fayetteville for suj)plies for the famishing 
horses and men. The next morning a train of supplies 
and forage reached us from Fayetteville under escort of a 
company of cavalry and two })ieces of artillery. As the 
train came rumbling into camp, arousing the men from a 
sleep of exhaustion, they greeted the deliverers with 
cheers. As it would take some time to issue the rations in 
regular form, to appease the hunger of four days, crackers 
or hard tack were scattered about the camp, which were 
eagerly seized and eaten. By eight o'clock all had })ar- 
taken of a substantial breakfast of genuine "liincoln" cof- 
fee, bacon and hard tack. The poor, jaded horses also en- 
joyed a good feed of oats and hay. The column, in high 
spirits, headed for Fayetteville about 10 o'clock. Boxes 
of crackers were placed by the roadside every few miles, 
and it is safe to say that most of us ate hard tack all day. 
On the evening of the 23d we were safely within our lines 
at Fayetteville, where we cam])ed for the night. 

A very amusing incident took ])lace soon after our ar- 
rival at Fayetteville. The personal appearance of troopers 
after a long march such as this had been, is generally not 
verv j)repossessiug. The useof soaj) and water had been 
shamefully neglected, our hair Avas unkempt, our clothes 
dirty and ragged, and altogether .ve were a vimv hard look- 



96 



lliK W VI Hi 



i;aii». 



ing >»ft of boys. A lieutonant of Comj»aiiy I, wlio wan no ex- 
cfptiou to the nilf as rrpmh'tl |R'rs«inal Hp|H:iraiui', went at 
oiiee to u !*utU'r of tlir |M»t at this jilacc, Ixni^ht a pajnr 
I'olhir, put it oil, aiitl raiiir nwr to th(>raiu|). '1 Ih* marked 
rontni«'t l»rt\\crii thi' rUaii white \n\iu\ ahout his mck and 
the i»ther pjirts of his apparel was so hidieroiio (hat he was 
jjreeletl on all n'ulvs witli laughter and with .'-hoiith of ih«' 
then familiar salutation, "here, rin;:," "here, rin<j:." 

On the iJlth we marched only as far a>« L(»iip ("reek, 
and ahout noon on the 'Joth reuehed Camp Piatt, our old 
<piart»rs. The whole inareh oeenpieil twelve days, ami 
i'overiMl ahont four hundred miles. 

Alxmt the -Jlst Captain West, of the :illli O. \'. !., left 
the <'olumn for the pur|»o>(' of findinj^a house in the hopes 
of heini; aide to proeure j«omethin^ to eat. When he came 
in sij^lil «)f a little farm house, some distance from the 
road, he met one of hi> own regiment eomin:; away. Ij. 
in<piired of the man if there was anythini; there that would 
appease hun;rer".' The n»an replie«l : "Nothing; hut some 
buttermilk." The ollieer wa> very fond of that delieaey, 
and went <mi his way. < )n arriving at the honse the gallant 
captain was met by the lady, who, at sight of him, threw 
up her hand- in holy horror, and, in a dr.-pairing tone of 
voice, exclaimed : "Take anythiiiLT I have in the w »rld. 
but i^ave mv honor." W hen the ollieer hail sontewhat re- 
covered from thf .-hock this gave him, he replied: "Hani: 
your honor^ madame, — 1 want >ome buttermilk." 

Report of Major T. M. Hoyei. ( '. S. Anilj.ry, ( lii( 1 

III* ( )i'i 1 1 [i;| lii'i' , I't ('. 

Dublin, .luly "JC, 1S(;;{. 

( ii.NKUAi, : — In «»bedii nc" to yonr onler- of .Inly iSth, 

dirt'cting me to take comUiand ot' the two companies at 

thin |N>ht, and Huch of the emploves and citi/ens a.s c(udd 

b«' ha-tilv colh'cte*! log«(h«r, and to proceed to Wytheville 

for the purposf tit meeting a raiding party of the < nemy 

reporte<| iipprtafhing that place, 1 ha\e the honor to re- 

Mirt : Tin* mail train was stopped, tin- pa>M'ngers notifuil to 

eavcH the nxr", and my command, numb«ring about l.'io 

...I ) I «v ,. |.i il' 11 ( it'. I \ i'm . iI II n< .11 t III III \ii| - 




LT. COL. J. J. HOFFMAN. 



TIIK WVTlIKVILr.i; IIAID. 97 



withstanding; the dehiy oonj^equent upon getting citizens 
hastily together, organizing, arming and eciuipping tlicni, 
we were enabled to leave tliis place for Wytheville at ;> p. 
ni., one hour and a half from the time yculr order was first 
placed in my hands. The train was subject to further de- 
lay,, owing to the fact that we were running out of time, 
and a freight was u|)()n the track meeting us. The train 
arrived at Wytheville depot (three fourths of a mile fn^m 
the town) at 5:10 p. m. My artillery was disembarked at 
once, but as there was neither horses nor harness readv at 
hand, it became necessary to procure them, which in the 
great state of alarm and confusion in which everything in 
the place was found, rendered a consid("ral)l(' delav unav<»id- 
able. As no reliable information could be obtained either 
of the force or wherea'oouts of the enemy, Lieut. C. L. C. 
Minor was ordered to procure horses enough to mount him- 
self and half a dozen men, move as rapidly as possible in 
the direction in which they were reported to be approach- 
ing, and fni-nish me with reliable information, if possible. 
xVfter about half an hour's dehiv in making arrangements 
tor organizing the citizens of Wylheville, and distributing 
the small arms to them, which 1 had carried with me for 
that purpose, (in which I was promptly and efficiently aided 
by Lieut. Colonel L^mbarger, of the militia and Miij. Joseph 
F. Kent, a resident of the |)laee.) I received information 
from Ijieutenant Minor tliat the advance guard of the 
enemy, numbering ab;»ut forty men, was witliin one mile 
of the town. I could then wait no longer for my artillerv, 
but put my small command in motion in the direction of 
the town, and ordered Captain Oliver to follow me as rap- 
idly as possil)le when he should have procured the means 
for moving his guns. liefore reaching the town I again 
received i'lformation from mv scouts that the main bodv of 
the enemy, numbering about 1,000 men, was within IkiIC a 
mile of the town, nioving steadily and rapidly hirward. I 
pressed on as rapidly as was practicable with an undisci- 
plined command, an<l succeeded in reaching the town just 
as the enemy made their apj^earance in sij^ht of Main street, 
some 1,200 yards distant. Xot being familiar with the 
streets or topography of the town, I was forced to l)e 
guided by circumstances, and first moved my command in 
the direction in which the enemy were approaching, but, 
after advancing a short distance in that direction, I found 
it impossil)le to procure a |)osition which would be tenable 
for ^o small a force niiainst so hirge a one. 1 therefnie 



98 ilih V* VTIIKViLl.h 14All>. 

ordertHl I^ictitciiants Howm;: miuI Ak'XaiuK*r to movt* their 
i'i>iu|>iiiiy furwiinl to i-lu-ck llu':ulvaiK*f, whili* tlu* rcma'mdcr 
of till' ooinniniul coiiKI Uv liroti^lit ba«k t«» Main .-tr«'»t 
wIhtl* r»-!»i-tuiu'i' inijjlit \>o inurt' snc<rssfully iiiadr. 
Thi»* onK-r was* oljeyt'tl proiiiptly, and the MtlictTs and 
nitu lnliavi'il njo>i gallantly. Lii-ntt-nant IJo/an^'s con- 
diH-t •m tilt* i»cfa.«»ion \va> conspifuously bravi-, and his ser- 
viiv'h nu»si vulualdi'. Althon^b a tlradly volley of buck 
:;id \n\\\ \va^ firrd into thi- h<*ad of the advancinp o<dntnn 
at a di>tanft' of not n»nr»' than thirty yards, yt't the ini- 
|K>tn>»>itv td' thr rhar<,'r was m) th-ti-rniiiu'd as to hi- irri.'- 
.Hi>iihh-, and Ho/.a'.i;; and his pdhmt iitth- roniinand were 
ftin-id from their position in a narrow street, and eonj- 
plU'd t.» siirremK-r to ovi'rpowerin^ nninhers, !?y this 
time the reniainihr of my force had been n nn>V( d Inmi 
Ta/.i'Widl .-treel (the one bv which the enemy were ;ip- 
pro:u-hin<r) antl posted in such of the lionses on Main 
street as i-«Mihl be enteretl. many (»f the doors bcin;; chi>fil 
anil H'cnndy fastene«l. This |M»siiion was hehl lor aliont 
three-quarters of an hour, when we wtre forced to aban- 
d«in it bv overpowcrinj; niunbers of the enemy, dcploved 
as >kirmi>hcrs on foot through tlie t(twn. I ordere<l a re- 
in at, ami tln' town was hit to the mercy <d' the foe. II:nl 
I r«-maincd lon«;cr the roult could not have been ililhr- 
ent, execptin;; that nil the brave men under my command 
nuist <•» rtainly have been kille«l or captured. Owinj:; to 
the St Verily cd' the enemy's lire and the unorganized <'on- 
dition of mv (*ommau<l, they could not br withdrawn in 
onlcr, ami were ihcrctorc directed by uu- to «|uit the town 
a- be^t liny <-ould, and lo rally at the watir tank, a j»oint 
on the railroad a mile below the «li'p(»t, whither I had or- 
dere«I the Iraiu to In- removed for ;;reater siiAty. 
'V\\'i> lh< V di«l. but before that j)oint could be reachetl, 
till- ••ondu«'tor, for some reason which has never bet-n ex- 
plaintd to me, moved oiV with his train, thercbv cmupcll- 
Mc^ ihf commautl to make their way back to I)ubliu on 
liMii. .MMtni Iwcniy-tive of the men who acc(Mupauied me 
\\» re «aplurt«l; ( aptain Oliv«r and two men were kilh«l; 
Lieut. I*o/.an^ an<l three or four wounded; and 1 have been 
inlbrmi d that t wo of the eiti/.ens (d* Wythcvilh' were also 
kilhd. and -ome fifty or sixty captured. They, however, 
with the oihrr pri«oncr>, were sub>t<|Uently rcha>«'d upon 
«lM-ir iKirolr. <)win;; to the j;reat advanlaj;e we f.«-eurcd in 
ti^lilin^ from lioiisen and other shelter a^Miinst mounted 
men in •' ' ' ^\( were cn.ibh'd to inflict fnr irreatcr 



THK WVTIIi;VII,F.K KAIl). 99 



loss upon the enemy than we sustained, notwithstandin"- 
the disparity of numbers. The colonel commanding; 
(Tohmd) was kiUed, the second in command [C'(donel 
Powell] was wounded and afterwards left in our hands. 
Captain Delaney was killed; Lieutenants Livinjrston, (Juse- 

man and weie wounded and also left in our 

luinds. Xine others were left dead in the streets, and a 
number, which I have not been able to ascertain, were left 
wounded in and around tho town. It was owin<' to these 
losses, doubtless, — especially the loss of the two colonels, 
that after burninj; ei;j;ht or ten houses and inflictin<'- an in- 
iujury upon the railroad which was repaired in an 
hour's tinu', they abaiuloned their undt'rtakiiig-, and 
retreated at ten o'clock that night toward Taze- 
well C. II., carryiuj; off one of our six pounders, which 
had not been broui^ht into action, and Mhich they aban- 
doned before they had gone twenty miles. I am, (Jencial, 
very resi)ectfullv, vour obedient servant, 

T. M. BoWYKR, 

Maj. Com'dg Exj)edition. 
To Major Genl. Saml. Jours, Comnuiuding Department 
of Western Virginia. 

Dublin, Va., July 18. 
Mayor of Lyneliburg, Va. — Thirteen hundred of the 
enemy's cavalry were reported this morning between Taze- 
well C. Hand Wytheville. They are on a large raid on 
this road. I have sent all the troops I had on the road to 
General Lee. If there are any available volunteer com- 
])anies in Lynchburg, please send them at once. By so 
doing we may not only save this line of road but intercept 
and cai)ture the raiders. The citizens about here are turn- 
ing out well. If any of your peojjle can come here, Mr. 
Thonuis DoiUuuead will soon be sending a train. Tliev' 
can come on that. If Cai)tain, or Major, or Doctor 1 1. 
Grey Latham is about IjyiuOiluirg, j)resent my regai'djs to 
him, and ask if he has any men at his disposal, to bring 
them on here at once. Sa>[ Jones. 

Rei)()rt of Colonel John McCausland, Thirtv-Sixth 
Virginia Infantry, commanding Fourth Jirigade. 

Headquarters Fourth UriLiade, | 
Merct'r Court House, \'a., July ."iO, 1<S(J.'}. j 
Sir: — In accordance with your letter of the 29th call- 
ing for a report of the movements of i:iy troDps ;ind the 



100 THE WVTUKVILLE KAID. 

pnrt laktii hv tlu'in in conini'tion witli the nccnt mid on 
N\"\ iliivillt', I will Milnnit tlu' foHowinjj hriif rt'|n)rt : 

Having been forccHl from my jMisition ut Pint»v, near 
Uaiii^li ( '. H., Va., I»y a suporiiir forct* of the t'lurnv im»l«r 
(i( Ill-nil A. 1'. S<aiMiiioii, 1 rt'linnl to tlu* tn^^ of Flat 
MoiMitaiii, aiul, tiiulin^ tliat tli«- «-nctiiy did not follow me 
witli lii^ main liody, aiitl wa> endeavoring to puss in mv 
ri:;r with a lar^e eavalry foree, I euntinued the rt'treat to 
this plaee, where I learned that the enemy had |m«iH(*d 
thron^h Ahh's Valley in Tazewi II eonnty. 1 at onc-e sent 
"•oiiie eavalry to intereept them and some infantry to oh- 
•'irnet (he roads. W'lien tiny ai rived in Ta/ewell the 
em niv had ^'one in the direi-tion of Wvtheville. The 
eavalry pursued them until they met with C'ohtnel 
{\. .1.) May, of Hripulier (Jenenil William's com- 
mand, who presumed to jjive them onh rs, etc., so 
that they accomplished hut liltle, owin^ to the inter- 
ference of those nanu'd altove. On the morning 
of the ll'th I inovt-il with a part of my infantry and 
cavalry and artillery thron«jh Ivoek (Jap, in the direction 
of W'ytheville. 1 halted the infantry and artillery at the 
(Jap. an«l went on with the cavalrv, hut (»n reaching Bland 
( '. II., 1 loun«l that the enemy had n tired, and had ^onc 
liaek toward Ta/ewell county, comin;^ -it no time it) mv 
dinciion. or passinir the nmuntains at any of the crossings 
(:iiai°ded l»y my forces. They passed heyond me, and as 
HOOD Us I loiind I could not come up with them, I stopped 
at Kock < Jap and remained there. ( )ii the mornini; of the 
Hull 1 .d>o sent a sutlieient garrison tn the narrows. I am 
sure that sHiie <.»ne is to Idame for the escape <»f the eiiemv. 
I am also of the opinion that the cavalry force that was in 
Taz -w.-ll, under (Jeiieial Williams and (\d(»nel May, was 
surti.ieni to have captured the enemy if it lia*l Iteen prop- 
erly ma naLre« I. Ytnir attention is called to the re|)ort of 
( apiain llovveii, <d' the Ki;.dith \'ir;^inia cavalrv, herewith 
-ii'iMiiiitrd, from which it ap|uar> that if tin* (Jajiat ('rah- 
had hren o<-eupi<d l>y ('nl. .May, or had he permittcil 
' , tin iJowi'ii to have oceupii'<| it (wlii<'h In- would have 
d »iie) ihc t'lu-my would h.ive lieeii (Iriven upmi nw at 
Kock (Jap. and tln-y <ould not have escaped. .\^Min, if 
« i' U'-ral \\ illiams had moved with the cehritv that the 

• •eeii->ioM nipiired,and attacked the eneinv in i'oree, instead 
o| >.kiniii«liin^ with his rear, he would havr de- 
Oatrd them, Ulld taken lU' seatlereil tin- must <i| 

• 1... I 11, v.f 1111(1,1 . .III.' up with (hi 111 with 



TIIK U YTHKVILLK li.MD. 



mi 



my infantry, and those coninian(lin<>; the cavalry failed 
because they did not charjie the enemy with their wliolc 
force when they did overtake them. I liave the honor to 
remain, your ol)edient servant, 

John McCausland, Col. etc. 
Ma.i. 0. S. Stringfellow, A. A, G., 

To :Ma.iok Gexl. Sam Jones, Duidin, Va. 




\ 



(11 \ri i:i: i\ 



< nI.«»NKl. l'< 'W I I I IN ll:i-<is. 



Ill «<»nn<<-(inM w itii the \\"\ ilu \ illi- tai<l I will lu-rc 
n-lcit*' Mtiiw of l|jf inixiii txpciiriici' <»f' ( "(iKtllrl l'«»\vcll, 
wliicli 111' li:i> fmni>lu«l iiir at my r((jiu.*«t. It was well 
kiKtwn ill the rt'^iiiH'iit that tin- «(»iiH'il»iate aiitlioritics 
liad jtlaiTil (\»I(iiu'| l*u\vrll in a (luii;;con for noiur iiiia^i- 
iiary wmnj; whicli In* was accused uf <-(imniittiiig^. I read 
.111 article in the Uiehnmnd Dispatch, in .Inly, ]S('>:], >vliicli 
contained the most virulent ahuse of that ollicer. Iii.Ian- 
uary. Colonel Powell lia<I, under orders, hunie<l the Aus- 
tin llandley house ami the .lames A. l\amst(r l»arn, near 
I/fwisl)ur^. This was the |»riiicii>al caii-e of tlir ahuse. 
('«»lonel I'owcll ."-ay.-: 

*'Ifiii<linmy Prison Dunj^con I >iary, the f«.ll(»win|; record: 
S;i(unlay, Aii^Mi>t 'JiUh, ]S(i;;. I wmte a letter this morn- 
ing' hy j>ermi>>ion of the rehel de|Hirtnient at Kichmond, 
\'a., to the relnl j;eneral, Sam .lones, Puhlin, \'ir<^inia, in 
reference t<t the charges mad«' against my conduct as an 
ofticiT, and askul him to arranp- for an early examination 
of my ca-e, niid udvi.-ed him of my condition of health, 
and of my cl(»s<' e<iiiflnemcnt in a diinjrcon, siihsistinf; on 
liread and wal«r. Al-o. under date of Se|iiemlMr !'. JKG.'J, 
the folhiwin^ record : Liciittiiaiit and Adjutant Latoiieh, 
of Lihhy pri.'-on, visittd me and jiJaeid in n.v hands to 
re:id an an»Wer to my letter nf Au^ii.-t *i!>tli, as follows: 
(Miieral Sam .lon«N states that Colonel W. II. Powell, *Jml 
Kt-^imciit West N'ir^inia Cavalry, had iioi lieen placed in 
cloM' eonfiiK nient hy his order, and that there h:id heeii no 
elijirj^i's pr«ltrr«d jipiin-l Colon. I P< w.Il that In kmw of, 



COLONEF, I'oM r.r-i. IN i-i;is()N. 1():> 



and that he should be released irotn close confinement and 
returned to the officers' general prison. "At ten o'ch.ck, 
September 9th," adds General Powell, "I was taken liom 
the dungeon to Colonel Straight's room in Libby jjrison, 
where I remained in company with my fellow oflipcis initil 
January 29th, 18G4, at Mhich lime I was jjaroled for tliirfy 
days, to go to Washington to effi.'ct the exchange of Uicli- 
ard H. Lee." 

This concludes the statement furnished me by General 
Powell. In the records of the M'ar l)(^partment I fiudliie 
following : 

Headquarters Department of ^\'estenl N'irginia, I 

Dublin, July 2.3, l.SiJ.'i. / 

Hon. James A. Seddon, Secretary of War. 

Sir: — Colonel \Y. H. Powell, who was wounded and 
taken prisoner at M'ytheville on the 18th inst., is be- 
lieved to be the same ofiHeer who, on the evening of the 
lOtli of January last, caused the houses and barns of Mr. 
Austin Handley and Mr. James A. Feamster, near Lewis- 
burg, Greenbriar county, to be burned, under circumstan- 
ces set forth in the accom])anying affidavits. I entered 
into a corre-;])ondence with IJrigadier (Jeneral Scammon, 
U. S. army, commanding in my front, on the subjecit. He 
disclaimed any knowledge of the outrage, and condemned 
it in the strongest terms, and assured me that it should be 
investigated. It seems, however, that I^ieut. Colonel 
Powell was retained in the service, and I have been in- 
formed that he has since been ])romoted. Colonel Powell 
is not so severely wounded as was supposed, and I bring 
his case to your notice, and forward the aeeom])anying 
affidavits, and ask that he be not exchanged until it is as- 
certained from the government of the L^nited States if he 
burned the ])roj)erty I have mentioned under orders from 
superior authority. His conduct as I understand it, was in 
violation alike of the laws of this state and the rules and 
usages of civilized warfare. If his government avows tl e 
act, and declares that he acted under orders, or if he e:m 
show that it was done under the pressure of military uv- 
cessity, he may be excused. Otherwise, I submit that he 
should be held to answer for his crime. He is a i)old, 
daring man, and one of the most dangerous officers we have 
had to e( utend with in the northwest of this state, and I 



I'M . ..i.«».\t:i. IHJVVKI IIS I- 



am |Kiriii-uIarly un\i(Mi'> that li*' .^lioiiKi not Ik- allowril to 
niiini tu tlif Kanawha Vallt-y if it mix \n- avoith-d. 

Sam .I«»nks. Major ( itiiiTal. 

1*. S. — I'Uv |iri«-oii« r> rapiiinil at W'vthovilh- dt-ilarr, 
a- i aiu inrorin<«i, that ihi- I/ittit. ('ohnit-l I'owill hati 
j;i\iii onKr> to hmii \\ \ tht-N ilh, am) ht* hiiiisrlf a«hnlttttl 
tout! oflitHT thai hf hid L'i\<ii tli»- ^aiiir oid<r in n j/ard to 
l/•►^^i^hurg. 

Folhiwin^ the \Nyihr\ilh- raid, thr rij^iiiicnt \va> not 
nrtivi'ly t'npij^rd in cainpaijrnin^ lor »onn' tiino. About 
thf ini<hUf of August liripidici (Inural Alfrrd N. DiitVu' 
\va> a^-i^'iifd to th«' coininand of thf ravalrv in the Ka- 
nawha \'alh\v. (uiH-ral OiilVn' was a I'n nchman, had 
\h'vu fii^ajird in wars in Knro|>(', and wa> oiu' of th»' best 
«lrill masters wf lia«l (hirin;; tin- war. A- soon as hr wa- 
fully iiixtalh'd in hi> new command, he <h-taih'd ('on)|)anv 
II a> a body miard. 'Vhv fompany reported at oikt at 
('iinrU>.stun, and to(d< ii|t <|iiarifr> in the (Mark.son House. 
Some time after tlii> the ;:eneral aiMl his statl" occupied this 
house as headipiarters, and the body <;uanl built coiufort- 
alile (jiiarters near bv. The liri;.'ade wa-« aUo movj-d to 
("harleston, and <-omh»rtable »|uarter-« were built f(»r all. 

(leneral l)utlii' at once be};an drilling; the cavalrv and 
fitting them for active .service. A larj^e number (»f blank 
cartridp;es wen* used in skirmish drill, and the regiment 
was in>trueted thorou^idy in this and all movements per- 
taining to cavalry in action. How well this efficient .s<-iiool 
uf prepunition serv»'d the command will be seen when 
some of the enj;af;cments in which they subscquentlv |>ar- 
ticipatcd >-hall be docribed. Iv^pecial cau' was taken to 
jMii thr I'd \\'e>i \'irj;inia ('a\alry in j^ood condition for 
more active service than llu-y had yer experience*!. Fre- 
quent secMits were made throu^^h adjoining: connti«'s. >ome 
of llu'in «K*cMipyin;if se\«'ral day>. The ImmIv j^nard wa- not 
ullowed to remain idle, but ili<l its>>harc of scoutin|i[, |>ick- 
c'lin;j, etc. ( )n one occasion they were «.ent on a little 
forced march of about three-<piarter« oi a day, all e<pii|)pe<l 
for lijjht nuirchin;;. Their object beinir accomplished, 
the crtinpany arrived in camji late in the even- 



COI.ONEI. I'OWKLL IN I'lMSON. K ».'» 

ing, drenched to the skin, havin<]^ boon ean^ht 
in ii shower of rain. To overcome any ill af- 
fects that niiglit foUow the drencliing, the general who 
Avas ever mindful of the comfort of his boys, ordered a 
large ration of commissary whiskey to be issued to them. 
In order that the commodity miglit be more easily and 
equitably distributed, the company was formed in line at 
the head of the ompany street, each man with tin cup in 
hand, ready to take his ration from the bucket as Sergeant 
Kramer jjassed down the line. It was nearly dark, and 
the S:>rgeant being in a hurry, did not notice that the 
line did not diminish, for a«; soon as the mi-n at the head 
of the line were served, thc'y immediately fell in at the 
foot, in order to get another ration. The general came out 
to the company quarters several times during the evening 
and was forced to go back smiling; and though he was 
greeted in a very warm and familiar manner, he; seemed to 
take peculiar pleasure in Ix'ing introduced to one 
of the ])rivates represnting General Grant. Although 
more than twenty-seven years have passed, and many 
changes have occurred with the i)assing of time, I am yet 
forced to smile at the recollection of that evening in earn]) 
on the banks oi the Kanawha. 

General Dulfie and his staff took their meals at the 
house of Mr. Jeffries, a very dignified gentleman of French 
decent. The sympathies of INIr. Jeffries and his family 
were with the South, yet they at all times treated the 
officers and soldiers of the union with that resj)ect and eou- 
sideration so characteristic of refined people. Whencjver it 
was necessary, as it frequently was, to have a guard jilactd 
at the house, one of the young ladies usually brought him 
some delicacy, in the shape of fruit or confections. 

The fall of 18G3 was the most pleasant time we ex- 
perienced during the war. The soldiers seemed deter- 
mined to get all the enjoyment that was possible out of 
this kind of life, and to that end they were constantly on 
the lookout for fun. The little scouting exjieditions that 
were sent out afforded diversion to the trooi)ers, and often 



!■. .\4 I I I I \ !•!• 



fiiriii>li«-«i iiuMtli-iit> liiirdcrin^ on llii* romantic or tni};if. 
I will rt'IaU* u niM* in point to illiistnitc tUv latt<r. 

Ont-f, n sfouliii;; party of tw<nty nu-n of Conipaiiy II 
had Ikh'u Hcnt up Kik river winu- twi'Ivf or filU'fu niilcf^. 
In tlu- party \va> a yoiin^ man who lia«l inli^trd iVotii 
Kanawiia «dunty a> a ntrnit. Hi- was an la^y, >t«a(ly ^'o- 
inj;, nll-aroiind ^oo«| voun^ follow, and did imt iniiutss 
oni' as havin;; any distin<;ni>hin<r (haraittristits, otlur 
than that In- a|»p(artil to havt- iMt-n horn la/y. IIo wa> a 
I'onfirnu'il hitok worm, and was cn^ap-d in reading mo^t of 
till' time whi-n it was po»ihlc (or him to do so. W'lirii 
en^ai;t'd in this favorite pastime, he usually re<dine<l in a 
|H»sition of sucdi perle<'t ahandon that he looked the I'ni- 
IxMliment of la/iness. IMiysieally, he was a ma^nifieent 
s|K'eimen of the «anjp sohlicr. W hile we wtre retnrnin;; 
from this litth- expedition, our lazy man, as was his ctis- 
toin, kept in tin- rear, with one h-^ thrttwn ear(desslv over 
his siddle, deeply ah-orlied in rradin*; a nov(d, oldivious 
to his hiMTonndin^r-. One (d' the men eoneeivt'<l the idea 
of giviiiji him a scare, such a- miuht aiVord rich amuse- 
ment for all. The j)!an jiro]>oved hv the fiin-iiiaker was 
that he s||)iidd dismount, let the command jirocred cm the 
road with his horse, while he wouhl go a little ways 
u|) the hill-sido, conceal hinjsclf hehind a tree, and hush- 
whack the straggler, while we should enjoy seeing the 
trooper gidlop up to the command in a ilemoralir.ed etindi- 
tion. The first jiart o| the program was carried o«it to the 
letter. Hut the Junnv jiart <iidn't work. As soon as the 
s!n»t was fired, an<l the hullet went whistliny over the 
riiler's head, he (piiekly siuppcd his horse, looked in tlu- 
direction from which the .ihot came, and seeing the suu)ke 
near the tree, he called out in a loud volt-e. "()h, vou are 
there, or? yoji, hush-whaeker? I'll soon luing you ont (d' 
that.*' He sei/ed his pistol, an<l was soon at the tree. 
Tin- pn tended hush. whacker laugh«-d, hut the <ither was 
s<» enraged that he came near sho«»ting his comrade, it is 
needless to add that when tin- dismounted man came u|i 
with the column h<- did not look more demoiali/.ed than 



COLONKI. row KLI, IN I'lMSON. ]() 



he had proposed the literary young man should had his 
plan worked more to his liking. 

On another occasion while on a secjut on Cliivan 
river, in April, the command halted for din- 
ner; the advance, cojisisting of twelve men, 
went on about half a mile as a j)ickct, with 
orders to feed and get dinner. It was a hcautifid day, and 
as they came to a farm house, the noise of j)oultrv sug- 
gested the idea of having eggs for dinner. One of the 
party was sent into the house to see what amicahle arrange- 
ment could he made to tiiat end. After the mother and 
her two daughters were satisfied that their lives were to lie 
spared, it was arranged for a dinner to be cooked by them 
we to furnish the coffee, bread and pork, tliey to furnish 
three dozen eggs. For their trouble we were to give them 
some Lincoln coffee. We had a royal dinner and a grand, 
good time, for just after dinner two more Guyan girls 
came to the house, and as the command did not march un- 
til late in the afternoon, we became very well acquainted. 
One of our number, who evinced a strong clisjiosition to 
remain in that country or to return after the war, got in- 
formation from one of the girls that there was to l)e a red- 
ding there tiiat night, and in accordance with the custom, 
a dance. 

Soon the main column came in sight, and we again 
took the advance. Two or three miles from the house we 
met a young lady, and a Confederate soldier with a violin. 
We took the Johnny in charge, gave the violin to the lady, 
and sent our regards to the dancers, with regrets that the 
usages of war comj)elled us to dej)rive them of their mu- 
sician. 

On October 21st a scout was organized for the ])ur- 
pose of marching in tiie direction of ]>oone C. II. The 
force consisted of a i)art of the '2nd AVest Virginia Cavalry 
and the 34th O. V. I., mountetl, in all about 300 men. 
The expedition left Charleston at 7 p. m., the Second West 
Virginia marching to Camp Piatt, where they arrived at 
10 p. m. Here the connuaud crossed the ferry and left 



1,.< 



t »*1.«*.\ .... 



>u Kl.l. IN ri:i-MN, 



Hniwiijittiwn at 2 a. in. «»n tlu* '2'2iu\. TUv force was divided 
into llirt'o cidiMUDs, all takiii<: diflrn-nt roads lor IJooni' ('. 
II., wluTi- it \\a> ri'|M»rt»d a rrWrl forrr wa-^ <am|)ic|. 

The f.v|M'<lition. undi'r (*oiiiniatid of ( Iiiu lal DulKo, 
wa- Will liaiullfd, aiul llic tlircr coluiiiiis all n'a<luil lioom* 
('. 11. soiiir tiiiu' lii-fori' «la\li^lit, ru-arly tojj^ctlu-r. Tlu' 
ooliiiiuis .»woo|ii>d down on tin- n-lx-l «-ain|i ami niado a 
"watfr liani," raptnrinj; two or tlin-r slra^^^liTs and onr 
man who was .--uitpoxil to lu* a ilcsi-rttr. Tlu* information 
npon wliirli this moviMnoiit was made had no fonndation in 
fai't. as at no rt'ccnt tiim- had tlurt' hocn over fifteen or 
twenty relxds at Hoone ( '. 11., nor more than one hundred 
and fifty in the eounty. ( >n the 'J'Jnd at o p. m. tlu* eom- 
mand reached ('amji I'iatt and n-ttd for the ni;:ht. 
Keaehetl eamp on tin- li-Jrd. The di^^tanee traveled wa> 
eiifhtv miles; pri>oner> «'a|)tnred. I; horses eajitnred. ."l. 




CIlAl'TKU XIX. 



THIRD EXPEDITION I'O I-KW ISi'.r |;(J. 



Tlie lu'xt move was an cxpL'dition to L/wisldir;::. The 
force coiisisted of the .'Utli O. \'. 1., luountcMl, the "iiid West 
Virginia Cavaly,aiKl one seetion of Simniond'.s Jjalterv, num- 
bering !>7() in all, onie;'rsand nuMi. On the ord of >rovendH'r 
the command marched thirty miles and camped for the night. 
On the 4th it marched to Gauley, and cro-ssed the river by 
means of a small ferry boat, and went forward on the Lew- 
isburg pike. The march was much delayed by blockades 
in the road. This was unexj)eeted, and the ob.stacle.s ])re- 
sented themselves for a distance of eight miles, so that in 
some places a new road had to be (big around them. The 
force went into camp for the night at the Hamilton farm, 
eight miles from Gauley. On the otli it marched to Tyree's 
a distance of twenty-two miles, being again delaved by 
blockades. At this place the command was joined bv C(d. 
White, with detachments of infantry. On the ()th the 
whole command marched to Meadow l^lutJ, about eighteen 
miles from Lewisburg. The enemy's ])ickets were en- 
countered on liittle Sewell mountain, and our advance suc- 
('e(Mled in caj)turing two of them. On the morning of the 
7th the f lire started for Lewisburg, the object being to in- 
tercept the rebel forces that had fought General Averill 
at Droop mountain. On the 7th of November, at 1) a. ni. 
the cavalry occupied Lewisburg, and learned that General 
Averill had badly defeated the enemy at Droo]) mountain, 
and that they had passed through in the direction of union. 
V>c gave pursuit, but they could not be brought to bay, 
although the 2nd West Virginia capturci 1]() head of cat- 
tle, 2 caisf^ons and n few prisoners. 



!•• 



iMii:h r.\i*Ki»iTi«»N To i.i:\vihi;rij(;. 



At I^'\vi>l»nrf^ wo raptmvtl tin- nhrl canips anp a roii- 
si»liTal)le «|iiai)tity of .-t««ns, wliiili \v»- lUstruyi-*!; also the 
kiiapMU-ks «»f tlu- •i'iiiil Virginia infantry aiul tlu* rcjj'nnen- 
tal tiMit^. 

Oil till' rt'turii iiiarcli tin- rutnniaiKl loiiiid live iiiclits 
of Miow on Siwcll niotintain, which made* it V( ry dinicnlt 
to iiiovf artilU'rv ami train>. Ilowevtr, at 10 a. ni. on 
llio l.'Wli tlu' <oininan<l rrathctl ( "harhst(»n, lia\iii«: In* ii 
al»M'nt i-lfVfii ilay> ami n;ar<hnl '2'A) inih-s. 

The ivsiilt of this i-\|H>ilition, .'<ninrn» d ii|», i> a- lul- 
|n\\>: — Pri>«HMi> taptiin (I, •\\; Iiotms rapliiivd, 50; cattU' 
raptnri'd, 1 10; small aiin>, 102. Tlu- alntvc were hron;^ht 
awav. Hr.-idcs this .'JOO small arms, a larj^r (|iiantity of 
animnniiion, tents f(»r a rrjiimcnt, knapsacks for a rv^'i- 
nunt, with the clothing; in thcin, '2 artillery caissons, 10 
wagons, and some (piartcrma>tcr's .stort's wire destroye<l. 

(icneral Hntrie has stated in his report that if (leneral 
Averell had not whipjtcil the enemy so hanl at Proop 
inonntain, he wonld have gotten in their rear, and the 
whole force conld have hccn captuntl. 

Ahonl tlu- 20th of November the enlistment nf the 
refjjiinent i)cj;an. The inducement ollered l»y the j^overn- 
iiU'iit was $400 Idiiiiitv and a fiirloutxh for thirty davs. 
I'mler this arranireiiient the loll(t\vin<; niunher »d men in 
the rej;itnent re-»'idl>ted fur three years (tr dnrine; the war, 
tin- latter applvinjx if the war should end helori- thne 
years: — 

('oinpanv A, l-"> men; (nmpany li, 'iS men; ('ompanv 
(', .'{S men; ('nm|)any 1>. II' nun; ("ompany K, *J.'. men, 
('ompanv F, '>1 nieii; ('ompany (J. 'Jo men; Comjianv 11. 
12 men; Cuinpany L, 2"5 nn n; Company K. .'52 men; iiiak- 
inj^ a total of ."5(11 men, e.\cln*«iv«' (d those whose death oc- 
I'lirred hetweeii the 20th day of Nuvtinhi-r, iSd.l, and th • 
date «d' first mn-ter out, Novemher 2.S, iKdl, I'mlmMy 
MM) ulVieers and men rc-cnli-'tcd at lhi> lime, 

( )n Ni.vemlnr 2 llh, 1 Ml.'.. I lie fn ..i iii^t.-ilimeiit nffm- 
loiii^licd men left ('hailc-lon for ( ialli|>olis, ()hio, on (he 

-le-imi (• \'Iil|. . W'li.lt .1 lilppv eruwd tliif w I Til'- 



TIiniL) EXPEDITION To EEWISIir U( i . Ill 



boat landed in Clallipolis at about 5 p. in. the .same day. 
Tliousands of people gathered on the river front, being at- 
tracted theie by the cheers of the men when they caught 
sight of God's country, as they called Ohio. 

It would be impossible to describe the pleasures of 
these veterans during their visit to home and fainilv, ami I 
shall not attempt it. 

Jiy the 24th and 2r,th days of J)eeend)er all had re- 
turned to once more take up soldier life, with its sorrows 
and its joys, the softening influences of the home associa- 
tions making them more willing to bear whatever hard- 
ships might befall them. 

About the r2th of December another expeditio:: was 
sent to Lewisburg in which the regiment bore a conspicu- 
ous part. The raid was under command of (leneral Scam- 
nion, and was ])rineipally for the purpose of co-operating 
with (Jeneral Averell, who was making a raid on the Vir- 
ginia and Tennessee railroad. General Kelley, in his re- 
port, says that General Scammon moved too slow to accom- 
plish anything other than to draw some forces from inter- 
fering with the plans of General Averell. In due course 
of time the command returned to camp without loss. 

During all the winter and spring, detachments of the 
regiment were scouting and engaged in skirmishes with 
bush-whackers or small parties of the enemy. 

About the 4th of February, 18G4, we learned that 
Colonel Powell had been released from Libby j)ris<M), and 
wouhl ])rol)al)lv return to the cfjnimand (tf the regiment in 
the early spring. The conditions and particulars of his 
release were as follows: 

On the 2i)lh day of January, 18G4, Colonel William 

II. Powell was released from Lil)by [)rison on executing 

this j)arole : 

Iviehmoiid, Va., .laiiuary 21), l<S(j4. 

T, "William 11 Powell, Colonel of the 2nd A'irginia 
Cavalrv, P. S. A. X'olunteers, in consitlcration of Iteing 
released from im|)i'isonment, do hereby trive my parole as a 
soldier, and pledge my honor as a gentleman, to ellcct the 
release of Colonel Pi<liard 11. Lee, C. S. A., now held as a 



nu 



IIIIKH rXPFMMTIuN To I.KNVlSHrKC:. 



jiri-iiim-r «»!" war Itv tin- I . >. ( iuviTiiim-iit, ;iinl hi> tltlivfi y 
to tin- ( 'uiiK»Iinit«' Stall's aiillioritiis at City Point, \'ir- 
^inia within iliirtv «la\> iVoin this Jat*'; or to r«'tiirn to 
City I'oint, Virj;inia, an«l <lilivir niyst-ha i»ris<»iu'r of war, 
to the oonfi'tli'iati' states aiithiiritics, within said |R>rioil of 
thirty ihiyn. An«l further, that I will not jjive any aid t(» 
the I'. S. j!;ov«'rnnuiit or its authorities, or any inf'ornui- 
tion toanv |»rson whatever, prrjmlieial (»r injurious to the 
«*oiif»'«li'r:iti -tat»'s, 
\Vitne«.«. (Si^nttl) \Vm. M. I*«>wi:i.i,, 

W. Il.lJvitii. < "(tloml 2u(l \\'e>l X'iruiuia ( "avalry, 

("apt. anti A. A. (i., C\ S. A. I . S. A. Volunteers. 

Alter thi- forniitiahle (loeiiuiriit had Itecu si;:n«'d :iii<l 
witni-ssr«l, the eojoiud was delivered to our fore(->at <»r near 
City point. Virj^inia. Froni there he pr«tei'fde«l to \\'a>h- 
iii'^ton and procured the ri'h'ase of Colonel Hiehaii! II. 
\a'v, C S. a., in aei'<u"«lanee with the terms of the parole, 
and was a fr«'e man, so far as the n-hel authorities wi-re 
eoneerned. lie was tluii «:ranted a li'ave of ahsenee Ity the 
SeiTetarv of \\'i;r, and visited his home in I ronton. ()hio. 
He so far re«M»vered from the effects of the wound rcei-ived 
at W'ytheville ii;xht months Itejore, tiiat Im' was aMc to re- 
turn to the re;;in»ent, and tt><d\ coinmaiid ui <'harle-iou on 
the -Jdth of >^irch, l.StU. When Co|.,iiel Powell returned 
to the rojinu'Ht he was ^^iveii a ma<rnifieent reception. 
Lieutenant ( 'oImihI I>avid l)ove, who had Keen in com- 
mand, delivered an aildrc-«s of wclcttmc on hehalf of the 
rank ami file, whidi wa^ feelin;;ly rc>ponded to hy tlu' 
colonel. Ch«'ers jjreeted hi- remarks, and the reception 
l^iven him on thi> o(>casion, certainly justified the colonel 
in expecting such conlidenci' and co-ojieratiou on the part 
<d' the oHiei !'■> anil nu-n, a^ wouUI render the command 
cHectivc. 




.]!0'=^--' 



CAPT. JOSEPH ANKROM. 

See |i;ii;i' I j(» 



(IIAITKK Xi. 



CJENEIIAL AVKKKLL AltRIVJvS IN < 11 A RLKSTON AND AS- 
SUMES COMMAND. 



Soon after tliis preparations were begun for sijnie im- 
portant movement. General George Crook had been assigned 
to the command of the Kanawha Division, and all was now 
activity. Horses were snj)|)lied for the dismounted men; 
arms, ammunition and clothing were issued. About the 
last of April General Averell arrived in Cliarhstoii with 
about two regiments of cavalry, and assumed command of 
all the cavalry intended for the expedition, which was now 
understood to be against tlic Virginia and Tennessee rail- 
road. Some additional infantry regiments also arrived, 
among them the oGth (). V. I. General Crook pleaded 
for the return of his old regiment, and it was sent him bv 
order of General (irant. 

On April 30th, 1864, the ex])L'dition left Charleston, 
the infantry and artillery in the direction of Fayetteville, 
and the cavalry in the direction of Logan C. H. The 
cavalry nnmbered "2,07!) officers and men. The command 
took only four days rations and one days forage after leav- 
ing Logan C. H., owing t(» the condition ot the wagons 
and teams. The latter were sent back from Logan C. H. 
on the oth. The division then found its wav over nioun- 
tains and streams to Abbs N'allcy, where we had been 
almost a year befor(\ On the 7(h a rebel |)icket was cap- 
tured in much the same way as we had captured J, C. 
Stolling's rebel eon\pany on our first trip. A small force 
of rebel cavalry met us in the valley. They made a show 
of trying to stop us, but we pur,-U(>d (uir way until the S;th, 



II I 



(lENKHAI. AVKKKl.I. IN i(»MMAM>. 



wluu the ;ulvaiuf lizul an t'tj<ia;riimiit alxmt fiAtiMi miles 
Iruiu Ta/i\vt'll C. II., in wliiili tin* tininy ^iinrnMl a lo-^ (»f 
four IviIUhI iiiiil five wuiimlotl. 

TIk* orij^inal intentioii was for llit* ('X|RMliii<)ii l<» strike 
tlif railroad at S;ilt\ illr, and tlu-n procerd towanl Dublin, 
\'a. Ntar .Irll"fr>onvilIe it \va> Karniil that Saltvilh' was 
diffuded hy a hirgf ft»nT of infantry anil artillery. Cap- 
tared mail and information neiived from deserters showi-d 
that tlu" enrniy wen* fully inlnrmrd as to our strtii^rtli and 
intention*. Hrri* (ienenil Avtivll decidi d («> march to 
NN'vthrvilir, in ordt-r to prevent the enemy from eoneen- 
Inilin;; aj^ainst (lenend ("rook. ( )n the way a train of 
wajjons was eaptureil. Ne-ir noon on the joih the enemy 
was met in for<-e at C'ov«' (ia|>, or (Irassy Lick. Fr»»m all 
sourees of information, including (\infe<lerate newspapers, 
it is estimated that their fore«' was ahont l,()()0, under com- 
mand of (ieiieral .1. n. Mortran. < )ii the '2<\ day of May, 
iMMl, the followin;^ nixhr had iieeli i»ue«l: 

Kiehmond, Va.. May _'. iMil. 

S|M'<'ial ( )rder. 
No. I •»•_>. 

Brigadier ( ienei-al .John II. Morgan, with \\\- liri^jade, 
\> relieved Irom (iiity in the department of East Tennessee, 
and will report to ( lent-ral . I. ('. Hreekenridj;<', command- 
ing de|tartment (d' S^dithein \'iri;inia. Hy command d" 
Screiary of War. .IniiN WrriiKUs, A. A. (i. 

To -hitw that the eiiemv was fnllv informed as to imr 
intentii'ti*. the following; i* in^erietj : 

May .5, isdi. 11 a. m. 

Major ' I-Mteral I5re<-kenri<l je, l)iddin: .My t\\<t ln-t 

seouts are jn»t in tlirectly from .Vvt-rell'-' cam|» on 
Kanawha. They lelt there last W'edmsday. .\verell is 
c» riainlv iliere. 'IMn-re were i-i^hi mounted rejjiments an<l 
e.cvcn ri-;!inienls of infanlrv, and others ex|>ecte«l from 
I arkei> »nr/. This fore.- i-^ «-alled, on the Kanawha river, 
tin* ri^'.il win;; of (Jninl's army. Their inl<ntion. as c\- 
pn-wM-d there, i- to strik«' the Salt Work-' and New river 
l>rid^<'. There i« no mistake ahont this information. 

Th.v vv. 1.- . v| I..1 I V ,. Very soon. 

loiiN i;. IIMI.S. 
Hri-. (ienl. 



OKXF.IIAL AVKRKI.I, IN CO.MMANl). 115 



The enemy in force were found to have taken possess- 
ion of the gap, which was a strong natural jiosition, and 
delended by artillery. It was at first intended to carry 
that gap by a charging colunm, and for this purj)ose the 
2nd West Virginia cavalry was ordered forward, and stood 
near the ga[) with drawn sabers, awaiting the order 
to charge. A\'hile thus waiting, a nuMuber of Com- 
pany H (which was (Jencral Duflie's body guard) 
dismounted and crept up into the tiuTbi-r, and 
plainly saw the rebel position, and heavy reinforce- 
ments bi'ing huri'it'd forward. This information 
was at once communicated to (leneral Dullie, who went 
with the informant and viewed the strong position of the 
enemy. The charge was abandoned, which from the first 
had been regarded by Colonel Powell as suicidal. We 
afterwards learned that the rebels were eagerly watching 
our movements, and, seeing the regiment with drawn sa- 
bers, had placed a battery in the road, shotted with grape 
and canister, and masked by brush in front of it, while a 
force of infantry was on either side of the (lap. Our com- 
mand fell back a short distance and formed in line of bat- 
tle, the Second West Virginia Cavalry occupying the left 
of the line. This drew the Confederates out of the (iap, 
and the fight commenced. The rebel right overIap|)ed the 
Union left, and the enemy could be j)lainly seen and heard 
moving down the mountain side, lint our jxtsition or 
alignment was not seriously disturbed. The battle ra"-ed 
for four hours, and was stubbornly contested by our little 
command. General Averell was>Iightly wounded earlv in 
the engagement by a ball cutting the skin across his fore- 
head, causing some inconvenience fioni the freedom with 
which it bled. While under a heavy fire, Colonel Powell 
divided the n^giment into platoons, and when it became uvi- 
essary to fail back, the voice of the conuuander would rinn- 
out above the battle's noise, "Platoons, right about, mari^h," 
and the order would be executed with the same jirecision 
as if on parade; then the s:ime order would again face the 
regiment toward tlu' en mhv. Th- left was the key to the 



lit) <.r..w....il. AVKUKLL IN COMMAND. 



pitsitioii, atui the hold staiui taken there aiUIeil tu the <]i^- 
etiinfmire of the eiieiiiy, ami preveiitet! him from lueak- 
iii«; the union lines, notwithstuntlint; his sii|Ki-ior niimliers. 

This was one of the best eon«hi«ted engagement- «•• 
ever \vitness«»il. Oiirin;: the fmir hi»iir> it histed, then- \va> 
hnt one hreiik in onr line, and that was made hy thr 1 1th 
l*a. Cavalry. The .'Utii O. \'. 1. wa- thrown into the 
iTeneh, the 14th l*a. was nfurnuHl and resnmed their 
plnees. Darkne.-s |iut an eml to the eunHiet, the enemy 
retiring to their position at tin* (Jap. (leneral Averell 
niovfd his eotnmand aeross the mctnntain to ('rah Orehard, 
tn% the right Hank of the enemy. This so fatiguetl men 
atiil horMS tiiat it was neees>;iry to rest for half a «lay. l>v 
this eng:igement at Cove (ja|». ot"(lrn>--y l<i<k, with the 
forces of (icn. John H. Morgan and (itii. Win. \\. .lones 
»»n May |n, 1S()1, tlu* <'oncentration of the cncmvV- force 
against (leneral Crook was j)nvcnt»'d. ()iii- io>- \\a- 1 1 I 
kilh-tl ami wonndcd, that of the enemy not known. 

From Cral) ()icliar<l the command moved t<» l)iiltlin, 
intcn*ling to join (Jenenil Cro<dv. When New river wa.s 
reached, it was rising raj)idly, and wonld soon he tui- 
fonlahlc, from r»'cent heavy rain-. The stream at tlii> 
|)oi!)t was ali()nt one-third of a mile wide, with 
a small i-land near the center. The current was ra|>id, 
anii li-^ it ran over a r<icky l»ed, cro;*sing was extremely 
perilous. I do not recollect having witncssj-d a more 
thrilling -e.-iic than when I reached the hank, and -aw 
men and horses strng<;ling in the surging water. .Many of 
the hor-'s had fallen, an«l lieing «'arricd into deep water. 
Were drown< il, while the riders «'ng:ige(l in :i de-perale 
fiiilit (or life, hatlling with the heating waves, until n-- 
encd hy .-omc hohl rider who took them hv the hand an<l 
he||M'd i!i. Ill to land ami life. Several imii were drow ned. 
(hie I Kiw earricti Ixdo A' the ford into deep wattT, ilivest<ul 
him:»<lf of all his arms and attempted to swim aslmrc 
I'.tit he ••oiild not, and drowned hefore our j'Vcs. with no 
hand aide to nnvc or even render him Iclp. 

' • ' ing. the command mo\«<l to ( Jui tianhnrg. 



GKNKHAI. AVKHKIJ. I\ < OMNIA M). 



distant two or three miles from the ford. From here the 
2nd West Virginia was sent back to the ford, and wit- 
nessed the forces of Morj^an and Jones baliled and unahh- 
to stem the torrent, which had now risen so as to he im- 
passable. 

At Christianburg (uMieral Avercll comnuinicatid with 
General Crook at Blacksburg, and was directed to destroy 
the railroad east of the town. This was done for a dis- 
tance of four miles in that direction. 

Our ammunition being exhausted or rendered useless 
by the incessant rains, the general commanding dscidcd to 
start on the return march, which was in the direction ot 
Blacksburg. 

The Confederate General, John ^NlcCausland, in his 
official report under date of May loth, says that he tried 
to intercept General Averell at Blacksburg, but, on reach- 
ing that point, found that he (Averell) had passed on. He 
also says that French and Jackson (Mudwall Jackson) oc- 
cupied a position at Gap Mountain, intercepting our com- 
mand, and scattering us in all directions, etc. The tnitii 
of this matter is when our column came in sight of 
this position in Gap ^Mountain, they were fired upon by the 
rebel artillery. General Averell threw out two companies 
as skirmishers, who engaged the enemy in the (Jap, while 
our command was crossing the mountain below the rebel 
position. General McCausland also says : "I reached Gaj) 
Mountain with a small cavalry force al>out the close of the 
fight, just in time to see Averell pass into the woods." 

The command joined Crook at Union on May l"Jth, 
Sunday ,after marching along narrow and unfrequented jkuIis 
and roads and crossing swollen streams. Our rations and 
forage had been exhausted, and the country was so poor 
that only an inadequate supply could be had. Our cloth- 
ing was soaked with rain and onr feet so badly swollen that 
our boots had to be cut open to get them off. One hun- 
dred and eighty-eight men of the 2nd West Virginia alone 
were barefooted. About thirty miles of the journey was 



n^» CKNKKAI. AVKKKI.I. IN «oMM.\M». 



iiuuU- by lilt- nil l'iii>t, Uzuliii;: tin- luirM>. 1 li*- wlmlc «li — 
taiici* nianiuti wn.s alMuit D'A) intlch. 

From I'niun wv \)uk'vih\o*\ leiMircly to liiin^trV 
Mill-, ntar I>«'\vi>l>ur^:, arriving there on llie iMih, ami went 
inti) ennip. In thi> s|>l(n«Ii(l l»liie ^ln^^ cfnintry the horses 
j*|K'eiliIy reeovereil streii;;th. 

As a whole the ex|H'<]itioii was sueee^si'llI; as it aecjun- 
plished tlie «h'strii(tion of the New Hiver bridge, lint 
su<h raids on onr part, owing t(» the h<ng di>tan<*e we were 
eom|M'lled to travel, eertainly eost iis nioi<- than the harm 
clone the enemy. New Uiver hridgt' wa>< soon n hnilt, 
j»rol»ahly before oiir command start»tl mi its next raitl. 

\\ hilf in eamp at Hnng<r's Mill>, the following; «on- 
gratnlatory orders were read to the <'ommaml: 

Drp't Wr«t N'irL'inlri M:.V l'.".. ] Si]\ . 

(icnend ( )rder> 
N... o. 

The iirigadier-deiieral «(»niniaiiding ('a\alry 1 division 
desires to express hii^ sineeiv thanks to the oJlicers and 
men of this division for the nm oinplaining forlitiuh' with 
whi<'h they have eiidur« d the terrible viei.-.-itndes incident 
to the recent march, aixl fi»rthc unwavering courage with 
which tiny attacked and held a siijicriMr force of the encniv 
near Wythevilb' on the KHh in.-tant, thereby enabling anoth- 
ereidnmn to accomplish itspur|)n.<«' without the oppositi<tn 
of overwhelming numbers. Yuur «'onntry will remendter 
your luroism with gratitude and the noble sacrifices and 
suHi-rings of «(ur fallen comratlcs will be forever eherii-hcd 
in our mcmori«s. The 1 Ith I'a. and 1st West \'irgiiiia 
Cavalry fir>t received the shock of batile, while tlie Sct(»nd 
and Third West N'irginia ('avalrvand Thirty Fourth ()h:o 
Mounted Infantry, establishe«l a line \\hi«'h the <'nemy had 
reason to resjM-ct and rciiicndicr. (Ircat «'rcdit is due to 
the bri;:a<le lommandcrs, i'rigadicr (icm'ial Duflie and 
( 'olonel Shootimaker, for the « ncr^'y and skill they dis- 
played, while the conduct of all was admirable, an<i worthv 
the praise of the bri;:a<li<'i general commanding. He di- 
sires, without making an invidious distinction to express 
his high ajipn eiatioii for the skilllul and sleadv mo\ementH 
of the .S-coinl West X'iry^inia ( 'a\ alr\ under ( 'oloncl I'owcll 
ii|Mtn the field. It \\a« a dres> parade which continued 
Without «li*>order uiid< r a h(a\\ fire diirii" four hour-. 



GENERAL AVERELL IN COMMAND. 1 1 iJ 

The purposes of the enemy were foiled hy tlie en<r:»<:eineiil; 
the railroad was readied and destroyed; New river ero.-sed, 
and the bafHed eohitnns of tli(! enemy arrived in time to 
witness the destruetion, whieli all the enerjries of their 
superior force, even with artillery, had failed to j)revent. 
The division commander also wishes to thank those 
officers and men of the division who have treated 
the inhabitants of the country witii that cour- 
tesy, difrnity and ma<j:iianimity which is insejiar- 
able from true eourageand greatness; such conduct can 
not fail to awaken in the hearts of the deluded peo|)U', a 
respect and love for the government we are determined to 
restore and maintain. While we bring death and de- 
struction to rebels in arms, let our bearing toward the 
]>eople and ])caceful citizens become soldiers of the I'nitcd 
States. Those few unworthy jx'rsons who have disgraced 
themselves and us by acts of lawless pillage, should ic- 
ceive the scorn and contempt of every honorable soldier 
in this command, and every effort should be made to bring 
them to the punishment they deserve. 

By order of l^rigadier General Averell. 

Will Rlmsey, A. A. (J. 
Headquarters Third Cavalry lirigade, "| 
Camp at lounger's Mills, W. \"a., ,- 
May 20, 1864. J 
General Orders, Xo. 18. 

It is with sentiments of profound satisfaction that I 
give to the officers and men of this brigade my hearty 
thanks for their gallant and faithful behavior on the 
battle-field near Wytheville. Their conduct has been ad- 
mired, not only by me, but by the general commanding 
the expedition, and by the troops called to co-operate with 
us in our hardships. 

Officer* and soldiers of the Third Brigade, you lave not 
deceived my expectations. My hojies and desires as to 
your conduct have been fully realized; and for this I thank 
you all. My thanks to the Second Virginia Cavalry, wh(», 
under the leadership of their gallant colonel, wliile re- 
treating under a galling fire from the enemy, ])reserved 
their ranks unbroken as on })arade, and bv their vigorous 
return of the enemy's fire, saved the left of the division. * 
* * * JJut while you receive my congratulations, do 
not forget that there ia yet much for us to do. Do not be 
blind to the fact that our duty is yet only partly performed. 
We have much vet to suffer; manv labors to undergo. The 



]'2i) 



(JKNKi: A I. A\'i:i;i.l.l. 1\ riiM\|\\|». 



w liulr army i>r mir <-nmitrv i> activi-lv «n;::i^cil to dcslrov 
:iii a<-tivt' ami «li'lrrmim'(l fo«'. L<-t lis si-c that our part is 
jK-rforimil witlmiit di.o^rnu-*', aii«l without murmur. \u a 
woril, «!.» as you havt- ainady done. L»'t every nian he at 
his |Mist, nnd <lis<-har^e his duty as a jtatri«»t and a Holdier. 

A. N. l)l FFIK, 

( irinral ( 'omMg ( "avalry. 

During the war, in thi- artivi- life of the cavalryman, 
many, very many "narrow cscaiM's" mij^ht he related of 
tin* men of th»' re^iiuiut. Thi* followin;^ "narrow eseape" 
of t»ne Mark Kit:^ of Company (I so eomhines the amus- 
ing, the romantir and the tragic, that we gladly ^ive it 
space in tlu'se pa^cs. 

In the early fall of 18*»*J Companies A and (I were in 
e:imp near I{alrii:li ( '. II.. \\ r-i \'ir;;iiiia. The pavniaster 
had iu>t ma<Ic the troop> one of his welcome visits, and 
their heart> were >o j^Iaddencd that Kinjx proposed to some 
half <l<»zen of hi> cnniradc- that they <^*> <Mit into the coun- 
try and have some fun. W hat the latter was to he <lid not 
H-em clear to them at tlfe time, hut the idea of a free stroll 
away from the restrictions of cam]) was in itself suggestive 
«if p< r-Miia! enjoyment. The litlh- party -addled their 
hor-c ami were soon away from the rotraints of thccamji. 
After i"i<ling for s(»me time with no apparent ohject in view, 
a halt wa* called tor the )>ur|»osc of ascertaining the time 
of dav. Nearly everv s(ddier carric«l some kind of a 
watch, and after compai'ing theirs, and finding such a rad- 
iiiil difference in them, they lnoktd at the sun and con- 
cluded it was near <'Ieven «»'clock. The l»ri>k ride had 
shar|M-ned their app<*tites, and the idia of a country ilinncr 
now suggested it.«»elf, which suggestion was at once actetl 
ujMin. The jiartv ajiain started, and -<hiii came to a typical 
\'irginia farm house. ( )n tin.- front jiorch sat an ehh'riy 
hnlv and three \niin<jer nm-, wlm proved to he mother and 
daughters. 

The little part\ ol hulic- were very much fri;^ht<ned 
at tlie pre-efice of the "Vankec.«.." ( )ne of the m<-n dis- 
mounted, went fitrward in the holier, :iiid, W hen the "folks'* 
hanied that the nn ii \\ant«d dinner an<l were willing tu 



t;KM:i;.\L AVKKKI.L in rnM\IAM>. Ill 



pay for it, they bocanie roassnrod ami invited the bovs to 
''come in." Chairs wcrt- placod on the jmrcli, ;nnl while the 
girls disappeared to jnvpare dinnc-r the old lady acted the part 
of hostess and entt'rtained her visitors. She asked innumer- 
able questions, such as where tiiey lived, \vh(ise ootnniand 
they belono;ed to, and if they wrote letters often to their 
mothers? The lady said that she had two bovs in the eon- 
federate army, and onee when they had been at home they 
talked just like you "alls". One of the young ladies an- 
nounced dinner, and the party was conducted through the 
house to where the table was spread. On the way the hostess 
delighted the visitors by remarking that, "when her buvs 
had been at home, they amused them by telliiii:: of the 
many plans the soKliers would devise to obtain whiskev. 
"Boys," said she, "here is some that we had on iiand 
before the war, and I am going to treat you "u:is." ^^'ith 
that, she prodiiCL'd a well-'iljed b )ttle a'.id ghi-s, an.l th- 
boys took a ilrink. Alter a hearty dinner hail been eaten 
they again ri'jjaircd to the front of the house. Soon the 
conversation — on the p:\vt of tiie boys at least — i)ecame 

quite animated. B then ])ro]>()sed to have another 

drink, and producing some money, oirered to pay for it. 
The lady said that she could not sj>are any ii)ore of the 
li(pior, as siie would need it to make "eamj>hor." After a 
little solicitation on the part of the boys, backed bv the 
sight of the money oflerd her. the lady jiroduced tlie 
bottle, and the men drank to tlie lualtli of the young 
ladies. By this tim \ King, who was liie leader of the 
party, observing that his companions were getting under 
the intluenee of the "mountain dew," eoneluded to draw 
oflf his force at once. r)iddle Y— s suddcjily jumpeil to his 
feet, and proposed drinking to tlu> lu-alth oi^ tlu>ir friends 
in Lawrence county, Ohio. 

King (piietlv told tlu' laily to give theni the drink 
asked for, and he would iiuluce the jiarty to leave. The 
bottle being nearly emi>ty the old lady disapiH>ared, and 
soon returned with a fresh supply of tin- litpior. This 
action »ui the j)art of the old lady, was closely observed 



lM.;\i AVKKKM, IX «^»\|\|\\l>. 



I»v Kiii;j. linl then'l>j> ii.iii::- liii -. i|u. 1 I.. III.- story. 
I)riiik nuinlH-r tlim* wa- laktii a* |tr<)|>i>M«l, aiitl alter the 
l)o\> liail >lmki'U haniin with the girU, ihoy iiiuuntcd thtir 
lii>r.*«0!i, uiiti waving a parting <<ilutc, ;r'dh)|K'(l ofl 
liiiwn thr matl. I'litli-r thr cxhihiratiii'; iiitliu-n(-i> <>i the 
li(|unr thi' |iarty riKlo nipidly toward ramp, and wlim near 
it» thfy niixd a **v\ ihl yt'Il," rharptl throujjh th<' camp, 
tiver fvi-rything tliat «amr in thrir way, phiying havoc with 
the out-door kitchens. This grand entry into carni* 
can>-d no litth* cxj'iti'mcnt, and unih*rthc dirc<-tions of the 
tdlicers, the reveUer- were soon in cnstody. Kxc«'ption>. 
however, sliouhl he njade to King who «piictly songht hi> 
tpiarti-rs, and was not included in thos«' who were arrexted. 
The olVicir in comman«l itnhn'd the di<tnrl>ers takoti to his 
• piartcrs, ami In* at once ipic>tioncd them as to where they 
had ionnd the li<pior. **l''i*Mtid a <-avc lull," shunted llnl- 

dle Y . "Found a mountain «li-tillery," yi-lled Al. 

II . At this the ollii-ers (Xcjianged -ignificant glances, 

which meant well fur tlw hoys, if they would tt-ll where 

tlu- wlii>ky had hecn ohfaincd. Siion after this Mike M 

came to the tent where King was. and remarked that the 
oflieers were g«'tting the c(»mpany team ready to g(» after 
the lifpiorand hrin;: it into camp, pre.-umahly for the use 

of the hospital. Said Mike .M , "if I «>nly knew where 

it wjLs, I wt»uld go and get it lieforc they could get there 
with the ti'am. King th.-n came to the ri'seue t«d ling those 
present that he ha<i heen with the party ^\ho I'ound the 
liij'ior and tliat he knew where it wa<. A plan was(|uick- 
|v d vi-id to ciriMimvcnt the oHi;-('rs and pro'-uri* the 
litpior. Between the camji and Uahigh a >mall creek 
crossed the r<»ad where the e )mmanil u»uallv watered tlu'ir 
horM's. l'nd<'r preteni-e of going to water. King and three 
companions s.-iddled their Intrses and rode toward the creek. 
•lu.st outside of camp they foun<l anoth<>r one of the plot- 
ting |Kirty, who gavi* the riders a do/en canteens. The 
hitt«-r tluMi hy a <ir<Miitous r<»ute, struck the pike ahove 
the <*:imp, ami heing well mounted and the spirit of adven- 
ture, U|»|Krniost in their minds, they soon left the camp far 



<;i:ni:i;.\l avi:ri;i,l in (ommank. Ti-'i 



behind. The sun was sinkinjr behind the western hills 
when the litth; i)arty galloped up to llic JHtusc where tiiev 
had been entertained at noon. Their minds were so intent 
on the object of their trip that they scarcely noticed that 
tiiree men wore sitting on tiie j)orcli, and who at once dis- 
appeared. The ladies were badly iVightened at the rc-ap- 
pearance of the troopers. King leaped from his horse, 
approached the little i)arty of females, and said : "Madame, 
I atn afraid your kindness to the l)oys to-day has l)ronght 
trouble on you, for," said he, "those boys who were here 
got drunk on your licpior, and w iieii they arrived in catnp 
they shot and killed one of their comrades, and now tin- 
officers are on their way out hero, and, if thev find any 
liquor on these i)remiscs, they will burn your house and 
carry you and your daughters to Camp Chase as prisoners." 
This announcement created the wildest excitement in the 
household, and the girls commenced screaming : "Mother, 
throw it out I throw it out I" "No I no I said King, that 
wont do. give it to us and we will carry it away ix'fore 
they get here." "Come this way," said the old lady, and 
leading the way the party followed through tiie house and 
into a small corn field, where under a ])rojecting rock a 
cave had l)een l)uilt. One oi the girls opened the door, 
an<l entering, handed out to our delighted "plotters" a 
demi-jolin containing about three gallons of "mountain 
dew." With this — to them — prize, the boys left, after as- 
suring the ladies that no harm could befall them now. 
When well out of sight of the house the contents of the 
heavy vessel was poured into the canteens, and the "vessel" 
thrown over into an old field. It was now nearly night, 
a storm was gathering, and it was six miles to camp. Ap- 
proaching a loAV gap in the hills our jiarty was surprised 
to see themselves conAvnited by some half dozen guerrillas 
who commanded them to halt. This was an unexix-cted 

dilemma, and, as Mike ^I quickly realized that it was 

le.'s dangerous to run the gauntlet as it were than to go 
l)ack, he exclaimed : "15oys, lets go through," and suiting 
the action to the word, he dashed into the enemv, cutting 



124 



OK.VKIUI. AVKK'KI.I. |\ « 



• •MM \ M.. 



riphtamllcft with >iil.iv. iIm- rc^ of ...i,- ,,:„ty lolluwin^r. 
Kinjj was M. liur.lriit*! whU vauIwuh that hf, luing l.ehiml 
the others, did not eseaiK* ><> ea^^ily. Om- of the rebels 
M'i/.e.l hi. h..r>e hy the hridh., whih' another at the same 
time struck him ..n hi^ h-ft arm with a jriin. nearly hnak- 
inp that member. Kiutf iise«| his wabre with su.li . Ih-.t 
that— sivin^; the h,.v^ ot three of his eanteens whi. h the 
-"" '^"'•••>v«'l h.n.^l n;..»,. 1 :, v.Tv "narrow (.Ma|M-." 




CJIAl'TKU XII 



THE rA'Nciii;rii(; raid. 



From tlie 18th of i\I;iy until tlu; l.st of June, \vc wait- 
ed, upon half rations most of the time, for supj)]ies of 
horse shoes, nails and (dothinu; hut, owini:: to the miser- 
ahh', inadecpiate transjiortation furnished from the Ka- 
nawha, we were obliged to set out again, almost as desti- 
tute as when we came. 

While here the Eighth Ohio Cavalry arrived in camp 
from the Kanawha Valley. This was a new regiment, 
composed of the old 44th Ohio Infantry, recruited up to 
about 1,100 men. As they filed into camp with new men, 
new horses, new arms and new clothes, mt felt our little- 
ness compared to that grand body, and, with open 
mouths, as we stood in our half"naked condition, saw tin ni 
file bv and go into eamj>. 

On the "2d day of June a Mr. Creigh, a citizen of IjCw- 
isbnrg, was tried by a military commission and found 
guilty of murderinga Union soldier in November. The 
proceedings were subsequently approved, and ]\Ir. Creigh 
was hanged at Belleview, on Friday, June 10th. 

On the 2d of June the march was taken up in the di- 
rection of White Sulphur Springs. The command con- 
sisted of about 2,000 mounted, and 1,200 dismounted men, 
nuinv of wiiom were without shoes and other artic-lcsof 
clothing. 

The march from White Sulphur Springs to Staunton 
was via Morris' ^lil!, ^\•.^rm Springs, Goshen and Middh- 



rj»i I llK l.\ N< lim l;t. i: \ 1 1'. 

brook, «K'iMHiyinj; fivi' iliiN>. Tlio iiifajitry uiuUr (iriuTul 
(VtM.k liail ariivt«l in Staiiiiton l»y another nuiti', ami a 
jiiiictioii was formed with (leiienil Ihinter, who eanu- up 
(he Shenamlouh ValUy. At Staunton the uuuh milled 
*U|»|»lie!* were re<-eived. 

On the lull of June (lent ral UulVie \\:i> plaeid in <<tin- 
niand oi the FirHt Cavalry I)ivi>ion, and the Seeontl (av- 
ulrv DiviNion, commanded l»y (Jenenil Averell, was re- 
«ir^ini/.»d as follow-: First liri^^ade. Colonel Sehoonmaker, 
rourternth l'enn>ylvania Cavalry, Ki;;hth Ohio Cavalry; 
S-eond liripule, C(d«»nel Oley, Seventh \\'( -t \'iri:inia 
Cavalrv. 'riiirty-fnurth ( )hio N'tdunteer Miuinted Infantry, 
Fifth \\\'>t N'ir^iiiia Cavalry; Third Uri^ade, ( "idun«l 
Powell, Seeoml West Virginia Cavalry First \\ .-t \'ir- 
(;inia Cavalry. The Third \Ve>t ^'ir;:illi:l Cavalry \\a- a.— 
^iJ:ne^l tt» the division of < Jemral Crook. 

Here tin* Lynehl»ur;j: <:in»]'ai;,Mi wa- arraii;^* d and lie- 
;;un. ( >n the l"th of .June the i'onunand marelud via 
Summenlean t(» lielleview, where Mr, ( rei^di was handed. 
On the 11th the march was resumed \ ia Cedar (ir<tve. 
North river was crossed at <ir near luiikhrid^re liath 
for the jtiirpose of endeavorimj t(» <iit uti MeCausIand 
who had hnrned the hridj^e at Lexin;zt<>n, and was trvin;; 
til i)n|Mi-e the eros.'-inj^ of Crt»ok. TJic enemy lia-tily 
tied, and J^e\in;;tiin was oeenpied l>y the Infantry and 
the ("avalrv at altuiit llie .-ame time The military insti- 
tute at this place wa- iMirnetl. the cadtt- li<;htint: htr their 
town in a manner which would have done honor to veti-r- 
ans, A voun;^ man, •»r rather a mere hoy, went to the 
eenieterv and reniovi'd a lla;^ fmui the i;rav«* o( StMnewall 
.laek.-on; ami althou;;li ellort-. were made to ca|tlure the 
lad, he mounted a hor>e, and wavin;^ ITh lla;; at the pur- 
suern. jjoldlv ami «leliantly ma<le his escape, it i- netdless 
!•> adtl that thi-> <'hiva!ri)U a< t elieited the admiralii>n i<f 
all who Kiw it. 

.\l 2 a. m. fUi the l.'Ith, the cavalry moved toward 
lluchannon, drivin;; the rdiel loree under .Met atifland 
hefiire if. Tl ' ' 'lit miles w<re nnule at a trot, the 



Tin: LVNciiniiu; uaid. 



advance endeavoring to save the bridge over James river; 
but as there was a convenient ford at hand, its h)ss did not 
stay the progress of the troops. In view of this fact, and 
of the danger to |)rivate j>r()j)erty, tiie citi/cns ])rotesl(d 
against burning the bridge, but MeC'aushind, with hi.> 
characteristic recklessness, persisted in tlic needk'ss de- 
struction, involving eleven private dwellings in the oonfhi- 
gration. Further extension of this destruction was stojjpcd 
bv the friendly action of the u::ion cavalry, who cxtiii- 
extiuguished the flames. Several battcaux loadid with 
ammunition and stores wei-e cajiturcd near this place. 
A rebel spy was found in cam]), and by onhr of ( Jeneial 
Averell, was shot. 

Orders were here received to await the anival of 
General Hunter and the main body of the armv. On 
Tuesday, the 14th, some important iron furnaces in the 
vicinity of Finucastle were destroyed. On the loth the 
column crossed the J51ue Ilidge between the peaks of Otter, 
to Fancy farm, \\ here tlu division again awaited the ai"- 
rival of the main army. Our brigade, under Colonel 
Powell, was sent forward to Liberty, and the country in 
that (bi'crtion was scouted most effectually \\'liilc on one 
of these scouts a body of about thirty lebel cavalrv were 
seen observing our movements, and their capture was 
attempted. Our nuiin b(Kly halted, and it became evident 
that the little force of the eneniy imagined that thev had 
checked further advance. Comjiany II of the 2nd \\'est 
Virginia was dismounted, and sent to gain their icar. As 
they were making their way along the mountain side for 
this [)urpose, and had reached a })()int where the descent 
could be made, one of the men was horrified to see a huge 
mountain rattlesnake poise himself in a position to strike. 
The soldier was so excited at this demonstration of an un- 
expected enemy, and so far forgot his orders of secreev, 
that he immediately raised his carbine, and .-hot the rat- 
tler dead. The echoes reverberated down the mountain 
side, and the Johnnies beat a hasfv retreat. No one was 
more chagrined at thi> result than the man who iire(l the 



1-2^ 



IHK i.i .\i iii>i Ik.. KAll). 



>liut. Ik' aru-r\\aril> said that it st'ciiu'd tu liiiii tluit tliut 
-nak«* ua> ei^lit iWt liijfli, a-* it pri'iKirt'd to strikf. 

To >liu\v what th<' nmrrtK-ratfs thought of this rapici 
a«ivaiK*c of (iriu'nil Avenll, 1 iii^frt the rulUnvintr «lis- 
|nitrh: 

.liiiK- i:;th, 1S(;|. 
riu" ♦'iH'iuy drovf my t-avalry liri^aih- Iruni Ix'xinjj- 
i<<ii 1)11 thi' Klwi'uth. Tht'y now occupy the t(»\vn. Scouts 
rc|M»rt the force to he Hunter's, Crook's and Averell's. 
They have destroyed the Military Instit^ite. I have 
ilriven their <'avalry ha<'k several tinn>. They are now 
advancing on the Huchanan rond. 

(Signed) John Met aii^land, 

Iiri;;atlier (Jeneral. 
t irnl. S. ( '.Mip. r, 

Kiehnmnil, \'a. 
( >n the Htth the main cavalry ei»liin)n marched to 
Liheriy, n-huilt the hriil^e over Little <)tt»r rivi-r. f'or»h'd 
Hi;; Otter, ami attacked McC'ausland at New London 
ahout dark. (Jeneral Imhotlen had re-enforced (Jencnd 
M«('ausland with «u>e regiment ol" cavalry and two pieces 
of artillery. After a short j'n;;a;;i'ment tin- enemy pjve 
wav, l(t«.in^ a do/en n>cn. The following is ( leiieral Im- 
l»oden'> report of the allair: — 

• I line 1 litll. 11 p. III. 

(ien<*ral: — Aft<'r writing ytui this evening the enemy 
renewe«I his attack upon me. (ieiieral McCausIand. oceu- 
»ying the left, just after dark reported the nuissing of a 
leavy for<*e in his front to charge his j)ositi(tn. A few 
momenta later it was discovered that a doiihle line of in- 
fantry was formed in front «if and <tverlapping my right. 
Kin<linLr our position very critical, and involving the 
almost certain lo>> i»f all our horses (the men iieing on 
foot and the horses tied) if the enemy succeeded in «lriv- 
ing oiir lines hack, 1 tpiietly withdrew, ami have encamped 
at the tii>f <Teek this side of NeW London, on the piko, 
whi-re w«' .-hall have a fight early to-morrow morning. * * 

.1. I >. I miiuhkn. 
r»rii:a<lifr ( leneial. 
M A.I. (Ikm.iim. Hki:' KKNiMOiii:, 

('onul'g Lyii'lihurg. 
Alsunri-eon l'riil:i\ . .liim- I 7th. ihi- division mo\td 



^ 



^o 







MAJOR C. E HAMBLETON. 



TIIK I,YN('IIIM'K(; UAII). 129 

towards IjyiK'lihiirti; on wlitit \v;is called the old road, alxmt 
two miles to the ri^^ht of" the road on which the infantry of 
Crook was niarchini;. Tiicrc were frecjnent skirniishes 
during the day, and wlieii within ei<2;ht miles of the citv 
our advance was contested at every stej). When the 
stone church, four miles from the city was reached, the 
enemy seemed determined to <^ive hartle in earnest. As 
near as can be learned the dispositions for battle were as 
follows. The ground made it very difficult to handle 
cavalry, being rough and broken by sharp ravines. 

Schoonmaker's brigade formed a strong skirmish line 
mounted across the open ground, supported by squadrons 
at intervals in columns of fours open order ready to charge 
on, or dismount to fight. Oley's brigade formed on the 
right, and Powell's on the left, in the same order. As this 
attack was develo])ed, the eneiny retired with only a slight 
skirmish, but as we neared the crest of the hill upon 
which the church stood, a rapid artillery fire opened u{)on 
us, and their small arms were unmasked, Schoonmaker's 
aiul Oley's brigad(!s dismounted and ran to the front, a sec- 
tion of artillery, supported by Powell's brigade, galloped 
up to the church, and opened fire. At this juncture 
Crook's infantry arrived, and forming in line, charged the 
rebel position, driving the enemy in great confusion. It 
now being dark, the whole army went into camp in line of 
battle. 

This action has occasioned much comment, but, in the 
light of all subsequent events, it was the proper thing to 
do. A large part of Early's corps was already in the citv 
and occu|)ying strong works on the outside. On the night 
of the 17th the eneihy were busy strengthening their works 
and re-inforcing their lines. As new forces took their po- 
sitions, the men could be heard cheering. On the morning 
of the 18th it became evident that I^ynchburg was defended 
by a force larger than our own. During the night Powell's 
brigade was sent to the right, either to attack the rebel 
right or endeavor to ca])ture and burn Lyncjiburg. This 
was a perilous march, t lie atKaneo constantly >kirniishing 



l.V) I UK I.V.vrillU JJ(i KAll*. 



wiili i\\c enemy. The little fomiuaiul was le«l in the wrong 
• linn'tion. it was t!iouj;!it intentionally, l»y the eiti/tn ;;iiiile, 
whose life |iui(l the penally of the aet. At one time the 
eouiinanil wum iu a position where the ehureli spiroH of the 
eiiv eoultl he plainlv mmij. Some time in the morning a 
eourier arriveil with the information that the army was in 
tull retreat, and that Powell's command wonld have to 
join the main foreo as best it conhl. This was the first 
intimation hat! that a retreat was ever contemplated, ami 
the inf<irmalion seenu-d to ila/e the ollieers. Fully realiz- 
ing; the dangerous position of his command, Colonel Powell 
(■(immeneeil to withdraw, and, hy ki'eping wi-ll to the left 
of the main roail «»r piki", suceeedeil in joininj^ the main 
force at New London, just in time to take the rear, and to 
rtH-eive the first fire «d the jiiemy, who ha«l overtaken us. 

The failure t»» rajituif Ln iiclilturir is thus explained 
liv ( It iM-iai Avirell : 

"i'lie delay at Ix-xin^lon, r«nderiil n«'eessary l»y the 
deviation of the First Cavalry Division (Dullie) from the 
<'ourse ordenil for it, and the change of place made hy <ir- 
tleri.ig it to join the main hody, insteail of going around 
Lvnehliurg, had proved fatal to the successful execution cif 
tin- original project." 

Averell's l)ivi->iou r(Mu|»oscil tin- rrar guard uniii I.ili- 
erly wa> reached, where we went into caiuji. The eu« my 
wa- pursuing us in heavv force, and our rear wa> con>tainly 
.-kirmi>hing, often delaying tl.e enemy, so that the entire 
cidiimn was enahh'd to march rapidly and securely, hriiig- 
ing oil' all the trains and artillery. 

Tin- S.-«-.(iid ^\■(•^t N'irginia wa> rear guard ou the llMh 
and ofiiii dixuountctl and fought a^ infantry. At Lilirrty 
an rnga,.; •iufiit lasting two hours occurred l>etw«i n Aven-ll's 
hivioion and the eni'iny's advaix'e. In this little hattle 
iIm- cavalry hehl their position until their ammuniti«ui was 
e\haiiol(<l. ami tluMi withdrew Ixhiiid < 'rook's division of 
liit'.intrv, which was dniwn up in line of haltlc. The cav- 
alry hiifVered the lo>s of I'J'J m«n. At three a. m. tli«r mareii 
\vui« rfniinirtl in ihr direction of Pi'iloid'- < Jap. A l'l<i- pa^^ing 



THE LYNX'iir.riu; raid, 131 



the Gap, the cavalry and Crook's division were plaeed in a 
position to rest. At sundown tlie colnnin was again in 
motion toward Salem, Powell's brigade in the rear. The 
Second ^^'est A'^irginia en(';)untered a force at Jionsack, and 
held them in check for some time. A portion of" the r(;gi- 
ment and two companies of" tile ."^Jth Ohio formed an am- 
buscade, biit'owingto the accidental dist-harge of a gun bv 
some member of the .3t)th, the ambuscade failed. 

About this time the extreme rear guard was composed 
of one squadron of the First Virgiina, and one squadron of 
the Second "West Virginia Cavalry, under command of 
Major Carman, of the First. The men of the rear guard 
were much annoyed at the demonstrations of a cavalrv 
force of the enemy, which acted as if it were driving the 
whole federal force before it; so they were greatlv elated 
when the order came, "Let's stop and whip them." 'J^he 
Major formed his force, and when the Cont"ederates came 
up in line, ex])ecting to crush our little band, thev met 
with a very unex|)eeted reception, and were completely 
thrashed in short order. 

The march was th?n resumed to Salem, Just after 
passing that place another amlniscade was formed, but 
failed of its purpose, as the enemy aj)peared to be less im- 
jietuous and less inclined to attack the rear. 

It was late in the alternoon when the march was again 
taken up in the direction of the mountains. All were in 
excellent spirits, and notwithstanding the reverses latelv 
met, as we filed uj> the Catawba Creek, the usual good 
nature of the soldier asserted itself. The setting sun cast 
long shadows on the mountain slope, and the beautiful 
panorama, sj^read out before us was duly appreciated bv 
the warriors. Ijittle ditl they think that but two miles 
ahead of them was to be enacted one of the most distress- 
ing scenes it was their lot to witness during the war, 
all the more de])lorable because it was occasioned bv the 
lack of judgment and criminal cai-elessness of the ofhcer 
commanding the rear guard. 

During the man-h up Catawba Creek, a well known 



l:]'J THE LYNCllBUUU RAID. 



iiU'iiiU-r iif the Sfi'uml West N'irjjiiiia cavalry was in an 
uhtiMialiy good humor. IK* was known as the wit of tlu* 
n-jjiinrnt, ami when oiIkts, through thfir .surrounilin;;s 
iN'i-aiui* ^hioniy and disheartcm-d, bis ^nutl naturr asserted 
its^-lt, and like a ^U-ani of sunshine, lightened the burdeuK 
ol oihers. Siu'h in hriid* was the ehaniet^r «>f Seott (Jard, 
of ('oinjiany II. At the time of his enlistment in ixdl, 
S<M»ft was nineteen years of a^e, full six feet tall, of maj;j- 
n.;i-tit pli/'itjii'.', a!jd one of the finest athletes in the 
re;:iment. He was ]>rornoted to the position of eorjM»nil, 
the onieers hoping that this little ollieial responsiliility 
mi;xht he the means of rest rain in <; to some extj-nt his ex- 
urhrninee, and of freeing them fnun some of his harndesK 
pranks, lie was the ideal Ameriean volunteer. AlasI 
the eriu'l hand of fate was soon t<»iinhidr him in the need- 
less saerifiee of five lives. 

On arriving at Mountain Cove, <»r llan^in;; Koek, on 
Calawha ( 'reek, a scene met our jxa/.e that we could imt 
coinpri-hi-nd. S'attere«l around in the wood, in the little 
Creek Hottotn, wen* the remains (»f <'annon, caissons, 
wagons, etc., the remnants of a Itattc ly. Shells and cart- 
rid;.'es Were Ivin^ amonj; the wreck, and the woods being 
on Jire, th<'V were almost continuously exploding;. 

1 have taken considerahle pains to learn the true cause 
of this state ol allairs, and heini; an eye witness and parti- 
cilKint, I shall submit what I l)eli«'ve to he a correct ver- 
sion of this unfortunate atl'air. When the main force of 
Crook and .Vverell camped at Salem. Col<»nel C>ley was 
ordered forward with his brigade to occiipv and hold 
( atawba < iaj>. some five or six miles from Salem. W hen this 
force movi'd out from camp, an nllicer commandin;; a liat- 
lerv which hati been man-hin;: in the rear of Oley's bri^- 
a;:<', snpposin;^ the entire .•irmy was nntvin;;, broke camp 
and followed. The battery was some distant'c in (he rear 
of (he iiri^ade, auil as no force followed after, it was en- 
tirely without support, or ^uard <d' any kind. .No general 
oflicer knew of this state ofailairs. The battery marched up 
('atawba er< < k alj<»ut one mih- in lli<' rear of ()|ev*s for<'e. 



TiiH LVNcmnuc; ijaii>. ];;;} 



When they reached Mountain Cove, a narrow delih' where a 
small stream falls into Catawba Creek, a little hand of 
Confederates, about sixty men, sn])j)osed to be McNcal's 
Ivan^ers, were concealed near this defile, watchinf; for some 
opportunity to inHiet injury on the ''invaders," Thev saw 
01ey^s brigade pass, and soon the battery (aiiie in si^lit, 
winding up tin; creek road. From his j)osition the ollicer 
could see nothing following, and the wily ranger saw a 
prize within his grasp, and was (piick to act. With a wild 
rebel yell they swooj)ed down on the defenceless batterv, 
capturing the entire outfit. Some of the artillery men es- 
caped to the woods, but most of them were taken j)ris()n- 
ers. The few minutes spent on that spot by the rebel 
rangers was time enough to wipe the battery comj)letely out 
of existence. Horses were cut out and taken away, car- 
riage wheels cut down, and everything rendered useless. 
They then withdrew, and, owing to the nature of the 
country, were virtually free from pursuit. Some of Col- 
onel Oley's men heard the noise, and returning were the 
first to view the destruction. The escaped artillery men 
then set fire to the woods and the wreck. 

AVhile C^rook's infantry Mas passing a guard was 
])laced to prevent the men going into unnecessary danger, 
and Colonel Powell also placed a guard for the same purpose. 

At sight of the wrecked artillery, the major in com- 
mand of the rear guard seemed to completely "lose his 
head," for with loud and angry oaths he led his little band 
a zig-zag route through and among the burning wreck. I 
distinctly remember having ridden over some capj)ed 
shells, which would have easily exploded if struck by a 
horse's hoof. However, we got safely through, and 
formed in line, face to the rear, The ground was rough, 
yet the major insisted on having the line straight. 

liieutenant J. W. Ricker was in command of Com- 
pany H, and after the line had been formed, he was or- 
dered to dismount half his company, the dismounted men 
numbering about fifteen. This little s<piad of men was 
led back to the wrecked artillery, by the major. A wagon 



1^ 



1 lit. l.\ > 



\va*» jHiinttii (Hit to I^'uiit. Kit kcr, \\lu» \\:««* orilt-rt'tl to take 
hi?- .-»|uatl ami ilotroy a cjni.-iiK i:il»K' «|iumtitv of jxtwdir 
that wa> ill a wa^ou, Tlu' Liiutniant nn\v up to tlu* 
wn^oii, vii-wnl the -itualiitii, and inioriiud the major that 
it \va?« a nio.-t ha/:l^(ioll^ tiiuhrlakin^, as thtrt- was lin- all 
around, and the |to\MKr would ividcntly soon he exploded. 
The major said it must l»r distroyid at onee. The 
ru-utc-mmt K<1 hi<» hand uj» to the wa^on, direetinp Mr. 
Thonuis Warnum, who was the eldest of the party, to p;et 
in the wagon antl hand the paekajjes of pow<ler to the 
men, wlu» would earry it t«» the ereek near l»y and throw it 
in. While this was hein;; done the men protisteil against 
the tlangerous empluynient, to which the innjctr rejtli(«l l»y 
ndling them coward-, lli- tjien witli<lr( w froni the im- 
me<liate scene. 

In a few minutes a fearlul cxphi"-!.!!! <»ccurrtd on the 
pr«»un<l, and a few seconds later tlie powder in tlu' wagon 
e.\jilo«led with fearful ellect, killing and wounding over 
half the guartl. 

'i he killed were Scott (lanl, Henjaniiii rrini, William 
(Jarvin, Isaac Moore, ot Company II, and Marion McMil- 
lin, c;f C'«»mpany (', who was on duty with Companv II. 
A numher were wounded, scmie having their clotlics Mown 
almost wh<»lly from tluir hodies. Lieutenant Kicker, who 
was sitting on \\\^ horse near hy, had a tlirillin<:ex|Krience. 
His hat wa> Mown away so it was not found, his saher 
M"jd>hard hanging at his side was shattered. lii> ]n:u\ was 
adorned with its tirst gray hairs, ami lu' was otherwise so 
shaken up that he has not com|»letely recovered to this dav. 
Hif faithful horse dropped dead alter carrying his master 
to camp that night. .Mr. Warnian, wh«» wjisin the wagon, 
was hlown ncros?. the d«'a<l l»<idv of the lea<l hors(^ of the 
team, and was pi<-ked up in an in»en>iMe condition. The 
circumstances surroiin<ling the death of young .Mari<in Mc- 
.Millin were nio^t distressing. Mr. N\ illiani K. McMillin 
lived near Hueke\ c l''urmice, .l:ick-on count v, ( )hio. lie 
hail a family of six hoys, and :it liic Wreaking out of the 
war thoH- who were o|" proper age |iri>nipilv v<dunteered. 



Tin-; LVNfiiiii iMi KAii). l;5.' 



When the 8ooon<l West V^iririuia Cavalry was rooriiitcd, 
three of tlie Ixiys, Andrew, Murray and I'jncrson, enlisted 
in Company H. Later in the war two more, Milton and 
Harvey, also volunteered in the regiment, and when 
Marion, the younf^est, was old enoiij^h he, too, enlisted, 
and Company J [ already having its share of reernits, he 
was assigned to Company C. During the perilous times of 
the Lynchburg raid he was permitted, at his own request, 
to march with company H, that he might be near his 
brothers. He was called the "baby" of the McMillin fanj- 
ily, and it was witii almost broken hearts that two of his 
brothers, Emerson and Murray, looked upon the dead l)ody 
of their idolized Clarion. But even the boon of looking 
upon the dead body of my near and dear friend and relation 
was to me denied. 

This occurred on Tuesday, June 21, 1864. Since the 
war Major E. S. Morgan has stated that he positively re- 
fused to execute the orders of Maj. Carman to destroy the 
powder; and it the accident had not occurred as it did, in 
all probability lie would liave been called to answer the 
charge. 

From this point we marched via Newcastle, Sweet 
Springs, White Sulphur Springs, to Meadow Bluff. From 
there the march was continued in easy stages until we 
reached Charleston, about July 1st. At or near Dogwood 
Gap, between Sewell and Gauley avc met supplies. The 
one hundred days men Avho had charge of the supplies as- 
serted that we were the hardest looking body of soldiers 
they had ever seen. Thus ended the ill-fated Lynehbnrg 
raid. 

Who was to blame? Certainly not the rank and file. 

The losses of Generals Hunter, Crook and Averell, 
after leaving Staunton, in killed, wounded and missing, 
was a total of 940. The loss of the Second West Virginia 
since May l-'Uh, was thirteen killed, thirty-three wounded 
and twenty-one missing. J. J. Harding, who was (Jen- 
eral DuHie's orderly, was killed June 26th, as the f(dlowing 
letter and telegram will explain: 



l;5G 



1 tiK l.\ Nt lUiL'KU I;A1U. 



Tflcjrnini: — 

(l:uiK V Hritljic .IiiiH- 2Hlh, 1804. 
I.' l»!ivis Mackliv, JiiclvMin, Oliin: — KillcJ by irun- 
|Mi\\«|{-r «-\pli>>iiiii, S'oit (Janl, limjaiiiiu Prim and three 
otlu-rs, iirar Snlfiii, .liinr '2'2. .IitM-|i|i Ilartilii^ kilUd l>y 
l>ii-li\vlia«k<'rs Siiiiilav iiiiiniiiip:, li'Itli. ju»t this hide oflx-w- 
i*luir^'. All«»r('<>. II. .1. .1. Hoffman, 

Maj. (\iiirf; liiul \'a. ('av. 

letter:— 

Cliarle-toii. W . \:i.. .Inly Ist. 1X04. 

.Mr>. llanliiijr. .lack.MMi, <)hi«»: — I telegraphed ymi 
from (ijiiihy liri*!;:*', .Iiinf 'JSih. aiinuiinrin*; to vou the 
.si«l and jiainlid nt-ws of tin- dt-ath of voiir >on, •lo.arnli. I 
erovM-jj iirn>hy Ki<l^e, sonu-.-ix miles from Iy<'\vishur^, Sat- 
unlay ni^ht last, and wliih' revtin^' my command at the foot 
of Litth' Swell Mountain on Sunday,. lunr 'JO, (Jen. nuflie, 
with a portion of hi> stafl ro<h' up ami told niP that he 
ha»l luTii hn-hw ha<-ke<l whih- eio.«.sinjr the rid^n- that n)orn- 
in(;. an«l that his private orderly, .I(»seph Harding ha<l heen 
killed. His tleath was eaused hy a shot in th<' hack tired 
from a snuill ritle. and h«- died in.-tantly; that he had 
hurietl him, he did not sav where. The general was 
mu<-h attached to .I<iseph, ami grieved much over his 
death. He was a iaithful orihrly and a hrave soldier, 
honorahle, tipri^lit and relialde, and couhl alwavs he <lc- 
pentled u|»on in time of need. Havin;: been with us in 
the field since IHOI, and knowin^hinj as we did, his deatlj 
is to us a very jrreat hiss. Lovc-il and re>|»ected as he was 
hy hoth oflicers and men, we can freely sym])athize with 
you in this your Inmr of allli<"tion. While we sinciTclv re- 
gret his death, yet we are ph-ased to know he was a menihtT 
of our regiment. His purs*-, revolver and letters I seuily«»u 
afjjiveii me hy the general. His ]iapcr> I will have made 
out a> soon a-> it can he done, and forward them to vou. 

^'nur> Very truly, 

.1. .1. HoFFMA.V, 

M.ij. ('oiiidY' -I'd \'a. C'av. 
Ah we were jia>>in^ a little j:roup ol houst-sjust l>e- 
voml .Sdem on «»ur return, a lad\ was ohsj-rved standinj; 
in the «loorway ot' one of the dwellings, watchinj; the e«d- 
umn nuireli hy. One of our men ventnreil to ask her the 
name ot the place. To his inipiiry (he hidy politely rc- 
jdied, "Little Lick Spriu;:-." I h< u to ^how nil" >mart he- 



Tin-: j.vxciimijf; i;.\ii.. '{:]] 



fore his companions, he said, "How far is it to Big Lick?' 
To this the hidy quickly and innocently replied, "Alxtiit 
four miles this side of J^ynchhnr^r." The huu^h that fol- 
lowed, as we all saw the ])oint, was shared in l>v the 
lady herself. 

There was one well known mend)er of the regiment 
noted for his ungainly a|)pearance. lie was over six feet 
tall, raw boned and awkward looking to the last degree. A 
full government ration was not sufficient to keep his stom- 
ach in first class condition. As the j)oet savs: 

"And when with savage-<;leaming knife aiul f(>rl<, 
He l)rouKlit liiiusi'lf down seriously to worl<, 
And marched tlirough every (h^-h in conciuering glory, 
And ravaged all tlie adjacent territory, 
Making I lie tabli' for ^ome distance round 
liook like a fiercely, hard fought hattle ground, 
A smi'e ui)oii his placid face would fall, 
As if life wasn't a failure after all." 

While on the return march he became dismounted, 
and being a ])oor Avalk-cr, he soon became footsore and 
weary. To a<ld to his misery, his capacious stomach had 
been com])aratively em})ty for several hours. In this con- 
dition, one evening, he overtook a portion of the hospital 
corps, just as they were beginning to cat a bountiful suj)per 
of "slap-jacks," fried ham and coifee, which commodities 
they had procured during the day. Our dismounted 
man took his sent on the ground a few feet from the diners, 
and with nearly tearful eyes watched the ham and slap- 
jacks disappear. Then with a heavy sigh, he said, appar- 
ently to himself, "I wish I was Lazarus." One of the com- 
pany said to him, "Why do you wish that?" "AVell," said 
he, "rhe bible tells us that Lazarus ate the crumbs that fell 
from the rich man's table; but those slap-jacks don't crumb 

worth a d n." 

It is needless to say that after tim laugh subsided, the 
slap-jacks did ci'umb, inuch to his satisfaction. 



« iiAi'iKi: xiii 



IN rm: siiKNANiMtAii \ai.i,i:v 



On Friilay, .Inly Ktli, Powell's l.ri^:Mlc lt(t Cliarlcstc.n 
f"»r I'aikrrshnrjj. wliicli point was rra<li('tl <»n tin- I'Jtli, 
ami thr oonunaml went into camp near tiu' city at "Camp 
Woo<l." Wiiilf lure we ilrew a numl»or «»f horses, and the 
l»ritra<le was fairlv well nionnted. On the KJth we om- 
l.arl<«il on the H. t^- ( ). U. K. for Martiiishnrir, W. Va. reach- 
inj;tliat plaee ahont the liUh. The hrijrade was not fully col- 
leeted nntil nlmut the ll'Jrd. (leneral AvertU had preceded 
ns, and w'uh clet:ichment> of re;^inients had advance d to the 

front hevonil Martin-hiMLT. < )n the 'J(»tl iirnd the Imtilc 

of Steplietjson's l)ep(»t, <»r ( arter's l-'arm, four miles north 
of Winelu-strr. This was one of the most hrilliant and 
(piieklv execnted victories of thewai'. ()ur f<»rce eonsisteil 
of Col. I. II. Duval's hri^'ade of inl'antry, consisting: <>f 
the IMh West Virginia, 1 Ith Wot \'ir;:inia, .'Mth and IMst 
O. V. I., in all, l.ion infantry, and altont oOOeavalry under 
command of General .\verell. In tlii-« hrilliant achieve- 
ment a lar^elv superior force under (ieneral Kamseur was 
ut(4-rlv rout) d and their artillery «'aptured. to}rether with 
1 '» I prisoners. The followinj; ollicial doeninents will ex- 
plain lhem?»e|vcs. It has, however, he«n claimed th.it 
(iciiend I. 11. l>uval and the infantry are cntitliMl to ih«' 
fruitM of llio victory, UH tlie cavalry were so few in numliei. 
(IcHj* than half what <Iener;d .\\ere|| reports) thai tiny 



IN THE RIIKNAXDOAIl VAM.KV. 1;'>0 



were unable to reap tlie fruits of the victory, otlicr than 
stam])e(ling the two rebel rcfrinu-nts nu-ntioncd in (iciuTal 
Rode's letter. 1 make these statements in justice to all 
(Hjneerned. Some have said that there were not over 100 
cavalry present, and that there was no casualties in that arm 
of the body. This is a mistake, and does injustice to the 
troopers, who, the writer knows, were there and partici- 
pated as described ; and the casualties are td be found in 
the report of the Adjutant General of West Virginia. It 
was a glorious victory, and immortalized the name of (Icn- 
eral Duvid and his brigade. 

REIMJKT OF OEXERAL AVEREEL. 

(Oflieial.) 

July 2S, 18(;4. 

Being informed during the night of the ISth that the 
enemy had reached Jierryvillc from Maryland by way of 
Snicker's Gap, I marched on the morning of the lOth 
with Col. Duval's brigade of infantry looO strong, and 
1000 cavalry, viz., First and Third Virginia and Four- 
teenth Pennsylvania cavalry, together with the First Vir- 
ginia and First Ohio batteries, to within four miles of 
Winchester, driving the enemy's cavalry under Jackson 
before me. During the evening of the 19th information 
was received that Early had arrived at Berry vi lie and 
divided his command into two columns, one then moving 
via Millwood toward Strasburg, and the other going 
toward Winchester (Early himself being with the latter,) 
and that Crook's division and the Sixth cori)s were at 
Snicker's (iap. I endeavored to communicate with Gen- 
eral Wright, advising him to attack the column on the 
Millwood road, but subsequently learned that instead of 
attacking he retired toward Washington. On the 
morning of the 20th, I advanced toward Win- 
chester, and being" apprised by my scouts of the 
presence of the enemy in some force about three 
miles north of the place, I formed in line of battle before 
arriving in his view. In the morning 200 of the 14th 
Penn. Cavalry were sent out on the Gerrardstown road to 
approach AN'inchester from the west, the balance of the 
regiuuMit being sent to attack at Berryville. About 300 of 
the Second Viiginia Cavalry joined me at this time from 
jVIartinsburg. Placing a reginu'ut of infantry in line of 
battle on each side of the road with skirmishers in front^ 



I in IN iiiK >iiI..NAMkiaii \.\i.l.K\ 



aiul a ifpimont of infantry in <'olonnj in rtar of tlu* rijjht 
arui \vi\ Hanks, nrtilK-rv in tin* ft-ntrr ami a n-jrinient «»f 
••avalry on racli Hank, 1 atlvanofd in this orih'r vi^oronslv 
to tlir attack. Aiit-r nianhinj; nearly two nnlt-s tlirou^li 
a country almost rntiiH'ly o|K'n, with tlu* renter n|Min the 
pike, the enemy announced his |to>ition hy o|M-ninfi: a 
rapid tire from tour ^uns concealed in the timber which 
htands upon Carter's. liirm, three miles north of WiucheK- 
ter. Heat the s:ime time nuide some demonstrations with 
a «*:ivalry liriptde up<»n each Hank. My artillery was 
placed in po>ition, the infantry rejxin)cnls in column were 
thrown forward into line, cavalry skirmi>hers occupying 
my tiitire front were ipiickly withdrawn to the Hanks, the 
Cfincentniti'd Hn- of the twelve j;uns were opened uj)on 
the enemy's c'entcr, an<l the inlantry advanced i:nd he- 
can)e hotly en^'a«;cd, while the cavalry cnttrc<l into a 
Hcn'c stru;;j::le on each Hank. My ri},dit l»ciii<; immi- 
nently thnatencd, I sent the Second \' ir^inia ( "avaliv to 
a»i.>t the Thin! in its atta<k, leavinj; not a man in reserve 
or any support to mv batteries. I'he enenjy, unprepared 
for such an onset, alter a short but determine*! resistance 
wt-re thrown into confusion, <lrivcn iVom the w»»ods and 
alonjj the road towani \\'inclic>tcr, having four ^^uns, sev- 
entv-thn-c killed, and one huuilred and tilty wounded on 
the Held. Si'ventccn oHiccrs and two lunulrctl and fifty 
men were captured. Our loss was fifty-thr»'c kilh-d, one 
hundred and Hfty-five wounded and six mi.-sin^. Advanc- 
ing; mv cavalry antl artillery 1 jtrcsscd the jmrsuit, but soon 
foun<l that 1 i-Miild not venture with the force at my com- 
nian<l to iuHict further injury u|)on the enemy without 
runniti); an imminent risk of loosini; all we had piined. I 
therefore maintained my po.-ition until <lark, constantly 
threatcnin;; the enemy with a renewal of the attack unid 
till- caniK'ii, prisom-r* and woinuletl were sent to Martins- 
biirj:. Thf enemy'> fon-e en^a;:e«| was a division of in- 
fantrv commanded by (icnei-al Kaniscur ainl tlu- <"avalry of 
\'au;;n, in all about 4,')'M> strong. 

\V. W. A VKitKi.i., Hri;:adirr (icucral. 

Heport of Major (icucral Itobert M. Kodrs, ( '. S. 
armv, <»f ennajjcnu-nt at Stephenson'.- «lcji<ti: 

(Rebel.) 

Stipluiison's 1 )cjiot, September I'J. isdl. 

Mv l)ear ( MTieral: — I'rom what 1 i-an ^^ithcr from :dl 
sources 1 am afraid that oHicers at Uichmond, and the di- 



rX TlIK SIIKNAXDOAII VALLKV, 141 

])artment officers especially, and perhaps you, have taken 
an incorrect view of Kamseur's atlair, near Winchester, 
last 'Inly. The facts are these, as can be sustained by 
ample testimony. Kamseur went out to chastise a small 
force which Vau<rii had reported as one rc^^inieiit of in- 
fantry and one of cavalry. He thout^ht at first he would 
only take a portion of his command, but concluded to take 
all as a measure of perfect safety, lie formed his force 
with two bri<;ades in the front line, skirmishers out — 
brioadfs deployed. Behind tiiis line l\-ij:ram's line was 
dej)loyed. The enemy advanced U])on him suddenly, was re- 
pulsed by Johuson, and at first by Hoke's brigade", but Kam- 
seur's left being overlapped by Averell, Hoke's two left regi- 
ments broke and ran, behaving very badly, as General 
Lewis himself said. 

Ramseur was on the right near Johnson's brigade; 
thought everything was going on finely until he saw 
this panic on the left. He immediately endeavored to re- 
store the line by advancing Pegram's brigade, but it being 
embarrassed by Hoke's panic-stricken men, became so it- 
self, broke and fled, as did the balance of Hoke's brigade, 
and finally Johnson's. 

Xow, sir, this result would not occur one time in a hun- 
dred with these same troops under the same circumstances, 
and ought never to have occurred with old troops at all. 
Haniseur acted most heroically, as usual exposed himself 
recklessly, but could do nothing with the men; they were 
under the influence of ])anic. 

I do not hesitate to record my belief that the cause of 
the disaster was the conduct of the men, and the prime 
cause was the breaking of the two left regiments of Hoke's 
brigade. Of course, if Ramseur had put Pegram's 
brigade in the front line, the disaster might have been 
averted, but who knows? * * * R. E. RoDf:s. 

Immediately following the battle of Carter's farm, tiie 
regiment with the brigade under Colonel Powell, advanced 
up the valley to Newtown where the enemy was encoun- 
tered. 

An amusing incident occurred here which might have 
ended disastrously, and which illustrated the fact that the 
men in the ranks, at least, had not fully comprehended the 
difference between an action in this valley and one in the 
mountains of West Virginia. It also thoroughly demon- 



142 IN THK slIENAXlM)An VAI.I.KY. 



titniteii thi> fact timl Cohiuel Powell wan alive to the impor- 
tance aiul ri'tniin'mriith i»f llu' lioiir. On this oecahion 
lh«' S«H-«in«l \Vf>t Virijiiiia was in lino in ailvanie, with 
j»kirnjifh«*iN tit|»h»y<-«| a slioil ilisUuuv ah«'a<l. Simu thi- 
enemv tirftl on n> froni a piiH-e nf woods in «nir fittnt, :iimI 
befort- the stmntl Jifthe shots hai <rM-«l away, tht-t ntin- n-j;- 
iint-nt was on a rnn to the front, with n«» senihhmci' of a 
line. Kvery man rnshfil mailly <»n, eiuleuvorinj^ to be the 
first in at the eajiture. This new mode of warfare so 
s4-:iif«l the eiHMny that they hastily Meil from their jxtsition. 
Thr bn^le.s sonn«le«l the recall, (Milerlies hastened to the 
front, and finally the rejjiment was a};:Jiin in line. Colonel 
I'owrll <ame forward ami formed ns in a hollow M|nare. 
He thrn nionnted a stnmp, while our hearts beat hij;h at 
the eX|KH'ted r.Mn|diment. W «• <lid not doubt but 
that Wf hail «lone the proper thinj;. The first wonls 
da>hed our hopes to tin- j^round. "Seeond Virginia 
Cavalrv, I am a>liauud of you. V<.ur eoudui-t is 
disjrraeeful in the extnine. You aif not fighting 
an enemv that reipiires horsi' raeing t»j eatch, but an aetive, 
vigilant ami bnive f«te. Scattered as you were a short 
time ago, a well «lrillcd s<piadrou would cut you to piices. 
Anotln-r repetition of such conduct, and 1 will dismount 
voii. Hcmend>er, vou are conlVontiug veterans of the army 
t)t North TM Virginia. an«l I am coulidcnt, il you will act here 
as von have on other occasions, presenting a solid front t<» 
the enemv, I will never have «»ccasion to censure you again. 
Now your oflicers will take charge of you,an«l place y«»u in 
the front." 

We »ully rcaliz.'d ih • iu'l'<c of the c(d«mel's remarks 
ami never gave him oeeasiou to refer to the matter again. 

( )n the -2nd the briga<le wa^ engaged in tlcvcloping 
the enemv- po>iiion, and grailuilly pusheil their way to 
near N'iddletown. On the 2"!rd, the position of the army 
was abont as follows: Th«' nniin infantry force nmler com- 
nnind of < ienend ( 'rook occupied a position a few miles 
•.Hiih of \\iti'!i"-ier: Avenll's division of cavalry was 
i-iiiiipiMl iKMit of tlie inl'ant i\ . I li. 



TX THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY. ] 4;3 



niiiin force of the enemy (leciij)ie(l a position near Stras- 
l)iirg and Fisher's Hill. On the afternoon of the 'J.'ird, 
Captain Davidson, with ahont 20 men detailed from eom- 
l)anies E and H, was sent to the front to loeate tlie rebel 
pickets. They were iound oecnj)ying a strong ])osi- 
tioii on the main pike. Captain Davidson attempted to 
drive them from their })()sition, hut they seemed disposed 
to stay whore they were. Thereuj)on onr oilicer sent baek 
to the brigade for another detail. While waiting for this 
re-enforecmont the rebel pieket was also strengthened. 
Soon our little force was increased to two hundred, an<l a 
charge was made on the rebel outpost, and they were driven 
several miles onto their main force. Our bodv was de- 
ployed as skirmishers, and, while resting in this jmsition, 
we suddenly saw a heavy force of rebel cavalry advancinf 
in line. It was a grand sight to see that fine bodv of 
horsemen as they came forward, completely enveloping our 
right and left with ten times our number. Reali/ing the 
gravity of the situation, in that we had stirred uj) a hor- 
net's nest, our little force at once began to fall back, l^'or 
five miles we fought to keep from being surrounded. At 
Kearnstown some of the enemy had gotten completely in 
our rear, but by vigorous use of revolver and saber thev 
were di-iven out of the way. This was one of the most 
thrilling experiences the writer encountered during the 
war. We were frequently ordered to surrender, but true 
to the old rule that no cavalry man should surrender whih; 
he is mounted, we reached the division, and the advance of 
the jubilant enemy was checked. 

On the 24th occurred Crook's battle of \\'inehester. 
Pearly had received large re-enforcements, and jiroujptly 
movt'd out from Fisher's Hill to give battle. In the 
meanlimt; Colonel Powell's brigade had been moved to a 
j)osition on the Front Royal and Winchester pike, on the 
left of Crook's line. It is uiniecessary to describe this 
battle in detail. Suflicii-nt to say that the Union forces 
were completely defeated. The Second Virginia made a 
charffe on a bodv of rebel infanti\' and swin^ino- ion nil 



141 IN THE 8IIESAXl>OAH VALLEY. 



tlifir imiiu'iliati* Hank, fort'iil tlu'iii I iiek «jiiit«- a ilislaiu'e. 
Ill lliifi fliarjTL' SiTj^'ant Maji»r K. A. Tlioiiias, of Company 
H, ami Lient..!. !>. iJarlnr. of (\)in|)any K, wiTe kill<«l. 
Tlu'V wtTf iwu bnivf and rniciint oHucrs. ( aptain Oav- 
iil.Miii, t»f (.'oiii|Miny K, was so IkuIIv wouiuK'il that In- was 
\v\\ lor «lta«I. A.-iln- ( 'tiiffiKraiis wtTo pa.s.>in^ liiin. Cap- 
tain l>avi«I.M»n luanl tlu-in >ay, "Tlu-rc's an(ttlnr poor U\ 
low tl«»iii' f«»r." Afti-r ilu'i*neniy lia«l pas>M(l on in pnr.-iiii, 
tin* n>olutf raptain cniwli**! to a ImiiM* mar l)y, and was 
ronccali'tl and taki-n <:iri- of Ky f!n- iiiina'i- until mir rt- 
tnrn in .N-ptiMnlur. 

Toward cvfiiin"; lliu i-nliiv army wa» in rctivat to- 
ward tlir I'otomar. .Inst nortli of \\'inclu'>trr the ('uiiffcl- 
rratr ravalrv rnt oil a portion o| tin- .'Mtli O. \'. 1. wlm 
liad taki'ii rt'fn<;«' in an orrliard; tluu, srrinji; onr l»ri^a«l«', 
tlicv (tin* rclu'l^l tnincd in onr direction and canu- on in a 
fluir^**, clu'i-rin;; like iMa«l. Colonel I'owellj^ave tin* onler 
to <areal»out, draw .~al»fr and eliar;:e. ICverv man seemed 
to lie in>pired with one doin — to whip that IkkIv (»f eav- 
alrv. And it w:is chine most elleelnaliy, as they were 
tlriven in utter mute until artillery po>tid nn Winchester 
II«ifrht> eoinpelletl (»nr withdrawal, (ieiieral Averell wii- 
ne.vjcd this char<:e, and expressed the utmost satisfaction at 
the result. Dnrin;^ this time the i>olatcd portion (d' the 
3Gth ( ). \'. 1. made its escape. 

(iiinral (ieort;e Cro<d\, in speakinj; oi the cavalry of 
tin' Army o|" \\'e.-t \'ir;;inia, >ay»: — ".Vverc'll's division 
was mnch tli>orjrani/.ed, worn <>ut liy Innu: marches, poorly 
e<|nip|M-d, wretchedly mounted, and armed with iid'erior 
w«'a|n»n-, \\:i> almost worthh.-s, Kxceptious, however, 
hlioiild lie nuule t<» Cohtiiel I'owell's liri;:a«ie of .\vercll'.s 
division, Imt this hrigade ow««l its efliciency solely to the 
hkill, eiierjjy and eonni;;e of its commander."' (See (Jen- 
enij Crook's War lle<<.r"l, pa;;e SO'J, Ohio in the war.) 

The iii^dit of the 'J till the liri^aile camped south of 
Martiiishiirj;. On the 'Joth the cavalry held a line just 
hoiiili of Martiiishur^, Powell's hri^ade on the ri^ht. 
About noon wc were attacked l>v a luaxv force of inlantrv 




LT. JAS. W. RICKER. 



Sci- jia^e ] ;{;{. 




GENERAL SHERIDAN'S Headquarters, 

AT CEDAR CRELEK. 



IN Till: .SHENANDOAH VALLEY. 145 

and artillery. The Second West Virginia occupied a 
position in a corn field, where they received a terrible 
shellin;^ from a confederate battery. The regiment, with 
the brigade, remained at their post until after General 
Duffie's division had retired from the field. That night we 
crossed the Patomac at Williainsport, and on(;e more that 
race ground, the "the valley of huiniliatioii," was in the 
hands of the enemy. Averell's division took a position 
near Ilagerstown, the Second West Virginia camping aud 
holding a line near Sheperdstown. A few days of com- 
parative inactivity followed, other than attemj)ts to de- 
velop the intentions of the enemy. 

Great excitement prevailed in Maryland and Pennsyl- 
vania, and in fact, all over the north. A formidable in- 
vasion was dreaded, but no infantry crossed the Potomac 
on this second "invasion.'' A special session of the Penn- 
sylvania legislature was called to meet on the 0th of 
August, to take such action as the occasion might require. 




rHAlTKi: Xl\ 



nritNiN(i <»F cnAMUKicsiuitc 



inn. ( iMK li \N;i> in tlu' lU'i^liltorlKtod ol ("liaiiil>tr«l)ur^ 
with a forrr ot statt' militia. ( )n tin* ;{()tli a ri'lul cavalry fortf 
uiitliT t'oiiiinuiidofCien. .)<»hn McC'aiislaiid hiirnrd the little 
oitv o\ ('liamluTslturtr, IV'iiiisylvania, invulviii'^ tlic tlc- 
-trnotittii uf al»»»ut two liiiixlrctl and fjfty Ixiildin^'s, with 
an i'stiinat*«l loss of out' inilli<»n dollars. Some space will 
l.r d«'Vote«l to all aeeount «»!* tliis ('hamlxisltm": mid, iroin 
.Iiilv .3(»th to Aii;;ust Tth, iiuhidiiif; the Mooretield aflair, 
al>t» a siatenuMit from the rehel (Jeneral MeCausland, i'lirii- 
i>hed for this work. 

On tin' m«»rningof .Inly .'50th, (ieiic ral Avmll Karnul 
that a eon>i.lenil>lf hody of rehel cavalry liad crossed the 
Potomac ahovc \Villiams|M>rt, and jj;one in the <lirection of 
Chambcrshnrj;, Tn. As soon as practicable, |)ursnit was 
Ix'^nn. our force consisting; ofahont 2,(K>() cavalry and two 
piecc> oj artilicrv. W'r wcrcalKiiit twelve h<iiir>- lieirmd the 
niidcr-, marching; as rajitlly ai pnssihle. W c |)a>scd tiirnn^'h 
IIa;;erst"wn, and were soon on northern soil. As we |(a>>«ed 
through this heanfifid southern part of l*emi>y Ivania, 
with M" fields of ripenin;; ^i"dn, J»'id with aluindant evi- 
dence.- i»f thrift and hajipiness iverywhcrc. we felt sure 
that hhoidd the foe he overtaken here, they would he 
ron^ldy Handled. The stars and stripes were waving from 
evcrv hoUM', sonu'thinj; we hatl not hefore witnes>cd. On 
Sa'nidav rveiiiiij», ,lidy 'MH\i. we t nteretl what ha<l hecii 
the l»eaii*ifiil cilv of ( 'haiiihcr^hiii^, l)nt now a mass <if 
-III'. kill-; ruin-. We learned that it had lie«n hiirnc«l that 
iiiorniii;; at 'J o'clock hv ord< r of (Ictn-ral Mc< 'aii.-land. 
A- wc hclield the <li'stru«*tion. and saw wh<i|e fainilie- 
ht I'l 11:) f iir I iiid their h >iii -s d •-! rty » 1, on • p-n nil ery 



CHAMnEKSBURG AND MOOREFIELD. 147 

went iij) from the wliolc CDminaiul to 1)C led against that 
vandal foe. Tlu' rebel otruier, to whom was given the ex- 
ecution. of the order to burn the place, .says: "I felt more 
like weeping over ( 'haiiil)ersl)urg, although the people 
covered me with reproaelies, which all who know me will 
readily believe 1 felt haixl to digest; yet my pity was highlv 
excited in behalf of these j)oor unfortunates, who were 
made to suffer for acts perpetrated by the officers of their 
own government. The day was bright and intensely hot. 
The conflagration seemed to spring from one vast build- 
ing. Dense ch)uds of smoke rose to the zenith, and hov- 
ered over the dark j)lain. At night it would have; been a 
grand but terrible ol)jeet to behold. J Tow piteous the 
sight oftho.se beautiful green meadow.s — groups of women 
and children expo.sed to the rays of a burning sun, hover- 
ing over the few articles they had .saved, most of them 
ringing their hands, and with wild gesticulations bemoan- 
ing their ruined homes. We passed rapidly through the 
place in j)ursuit, the march l)eing kept up all the night of 
the 30th. 

All along the road the raiders had left marks of their 
pa.s.sage by burning barns that had already received the 
fruit of the harvest. On Sunday morning we entered a 
little town at the ba.se of the mountains. The inhabitants 
had retired late, after the raiders had pas.scd through, and 
were still slumbering. The boys began calling to them to 
get up, the rebels had come back, and wanted breakfast. 
The wildest consternation prevailed among them until they 
learned we were Union .soldiers, and then they went nearly 
wild with joy. Having re('ovcred from the chaotic 
state into which they had been innocently thrown 
by our unlooked for arrival, they were only tor) 
glad to feed as many of the boys as would 
stop. That Sunday march through Pennsylvania 
was indeed a memorable one. The greatest enthusiasm 
was manifested by the inhabitants as we rapidly ])ursued 
the fleeing rebel column. All along the route we were 
greeted by the smiling f;i(;'s of fVi< ii(!>, by wavin;.' fl;i"-s-. 



\\K « IIAMUKKSIU'RC! AND M»m>1{EF1KI.I). 



I>y proflcrs of food, and with Kuch other nct8 of kindness 
a- wi* had not btt-n atcustonud t«» receive. Usually, on 
luir maiehe*, we had been ^rreeted with tJeowlin^ faoes and 
iuoitltin^ wcirdw, while nearly every tree loneealetl an 
enemy, and the tiharp eraek of tlie Mjuirrel rille was a 
eonuDoii Mjund. All tlay Sunday the fanners erected ini- 
|>r«ini|>lu tables near their dwellings, and kept them well 
«u|ipliftl with c«>«»ked food, while some member of the 
family would stand bv and invite the hungry tu eat. 

The enemy l)eing in advance and able to >uj»j»ly 
themselves with froh lu»rMs, e.-caped acmss the I'otoniac 
ai Hancock, Maryland. \N »• had a sharp skirmish at that 
place with the rebel nar guanl, and there was .some arlil- 
hry firing. 

Owing to the condition of our horses, (General Averell 
wa- c-oiiipe||e»l to cease pursuit, and wc went into camp and 
rcj«teil four (lays. This rest proved to be a very fortunate 
thing fi»r us, and nmde the Moorefield athiir j)o.<sible of 
accotnpli.shment. McC'ausland continued the march to the 
.south branch of the Potomac until near Moorelield, where 
there was an abundance (»f gra.ss. He knew that (lencral 
A\<rell had gone into <;iiiipinar llaiicock, .Maivlaiid, 
and there being niarly sixty milo lictwcen then), the con- 
feihrate ioujinanihr went into camp also. The .'ionth 
branch «»f the Potomac .•separated the rebi-l ('ommands, 
(ieneral Bradley T. .Johnson, with one brigade and four 
pieccb of artillery camping on the north sidu of the river, 
while < ieneral M<'( 'auslan<l. with the other brigatlc, occn- 
pie«l a |>osilion on tin* south >i<le. The ciiciny kept the 
country well s<-outcd while in camp. 

.\bout the r>lh of August (ieneral Avcn 11 rcctivrd 
orders from Washington to pursue the rebel rai<hrs until 
nvertaki n. :ind then fight them as long as tlnre was a fight- 
ing man left. I nder tluM- iustnictions we broke cam|>, 
erofM d ilie Potomac, and were once more on tin- -dij nf 
\'ir):inia, inarching in the direction «if Mooreli«ld. ( )n 
the nighi of the fifih we camped north of lloiniuy. We 
pa-fcd ihrongh Kommv in the afl< rnncn, and learned that 



CIIAMlJKRSBUltG AND MOOUKFI KLD. 149 



a rQbel scouting party had been tliero during the'dav. The 
horBcs were unsaddled and rested an hour in the evenin<% 
and then the march was resumed through the niglit. 
Avcrell's scouts, dressed in Confederate uniform, were in 
the advance, carefully feeling for the rebel pickets. This 
caused frequent haults, and the men would lie down by the 
road side, and with bridle rein in hand, snatch a few min- 
utes sleep. Then, clanking sabers would warn them that 
the column was in motion, they would jiartiallv arouse 
themselves and pursue the silent march. 

About 2:30 a. m. of the 7th of August the rebel 
pickets were encountered. " Halt ! " was the command 
that came from the Johnnies accompanied by the u.mkiI 
"who comes there?" Our daring scouts j)romptlv re- 
sponded "Friends." "Advance one, and give the counter- 
sign." Two men were on this outpost, and instead of one 
only, two of our men approached and told the pickets that 
they were a scouting party of McCausland's command, and 
had gone out of camp on another road in the afternoon and 
did not have the countersign. After asking a few questions 
to which the scouts gave ready answers, the Johnnies seemed 
to be satisfied. While this parley was going on our heroes 
had dismounted, tightened their saddle girths, and, acting 
in a careless manner, walked up to the ])ickets. At a given 
signal they each seized a bridle rein, and with cocked re- 
volvers took the two outposts prisoners. From them it 
was learned that the picket post ^was half a mile distant, 
an<l that tliere were seven men there. These men "vvere 
found asleep, the sentinel sitting on a low fence. He, like 
the others, was awakened to fmd pistols in their faces. The 
reserve picket of fifty men was also captured, and thus the 
way to the rebel camp was clear. It was three miles dis- 
tant. The column was closed up, and just at break 
of day, Avith wild cheers and cries of "Remember 
Chambersburg," we dashed into Bradley Johnson's camp, 
capturing four pieces of artillery while the gunners were 
attempting to get them into j)osition. Over five hundred 
prisoners, including several officers, were secured, several 



J'>0 (llAMltKRsni'ltC AM> MuoRKKIEI.n. 



huuilrtt) hurso8, six ur eight hiimlreil staiuln of arms, and 
the entire catn]i itf tlje enemy. Mr( Miihhiiur!« brigade wsk 
one mile distant on the fuiitli *«itle nf the livtr, and o\vin^ 
to the tiring and ehet-ring in .Iohns«)n*s eainj», thi> brigade 
wflh qniekly formed, and |»ail of thr Ittnr sent to deiend 
the fonl. Hilt unr brigade, ehittd by th«- rapture »if .bihn- 
son'n eanip, an«l reineiiibi'ring the t-neiny's deva^tati<>n in 
Pennsylvania, phinged int(» the \vat»'r, fiereely charged the 
enemy, kilh'«l and <a|»tiir»d nianv, ami riit thtni ofl from 
tluir main fore«-. A liiu' \va> again formed, which charged 
McC'aiis'.and's briga«K', (uitting it c«»m|)htely in two. A 
running fight was then kept up f(»r f«»ur miles, when the 
enemy became so scattered that there was mtthing to fol- 
htw. A hirge amount of private pro|Mrty. imliuliii^jliorses 
and buggies, was lecoverd :intl siibse<piently returned to the 
owners. The h»ss to the eiieiuv ill killed, wounded and 
capture*! was mar eight huiidnd. 'llie r«bels stated that 
thev expooti'd to Im' verv severelv dealt with, and so when 
we struck the <anip they made dopenite efforts to escape. 
Some time after the war the confe«lcrate colonel Jenkins' 
bugler told thu writer that with four e«»mpanions he had cs- 
e:ilK'<l across the river on one bare-back horse, one holding 
to the animal's tail, and permitting himself to be d nigged 
through the water. ()ur loss was ft»rty-one killeil ami 
wounded. Colonel Conger, of the Thirtl, was among the 
kille<l. A large amount of groenl>aek> was found scattered 
ttver tlu" eamj), the pri-oners being afraid t<» be fouii«l witli 
it on their persons, ('oiisidcral)le money was j»ick(d up 
by iIh' men. Most of it was found sj-crcted in the saddle 
pmkets. The men who were so fortiiiiat*' as to find the 
treasure were not in the fight, luit those whosi- privilege it 
was to follow in tin* rear; owing tt» the s«<-re<'y maintained 
by the "finder-" it was impo^^iblc to ascertain anything 
like the amount recovered from the ( 'h:imber>burg r.iiilers. 
One man of the regiment expre-srd .1 | ackage home from 
New ('re«-k station, :in<l afl<'r the war he beiight a good 
farm. When the offieers harind that iin»ney was being 
found about the eaiii|), th< |tioMi<-t ^nard. Milder direction 



CIIAMBEnSBUnCi AND M(M>Ui:iIi:iJ). l"fl 

of some officers, searched the camp fnithfiiUy. While per- 
forming this duty, a young sohlier, unknown to any of the 
searcliers, was observed transferring gohl coins from a ]):iir 
of saddle pockets to his own pockets. He was called uj)(in 
to halt, but being well mounted he put spurs to his iiorsc; 
and continued transferring the money until he was in ])'»s- 
session of all of it. crossed the river and was lost to the 
guard. 

While all this had l)een going on ("omj)any E had 
been on picket on the I'otomac, and when McCanslaml 
crossed in the night they were cut off from the command. 
They at once followed on the Hank of the Confederates, 
and on the way they fell in with a squadron of Cole's 
Maryland Cavalry. They arrived at Cha"mbersbnr<r at 
nearly the same time the rebels did, cai)turing their picket 
at the toll-gate on the Gettysburg pike. They joined the 
command on Sunday morning. 

The prisoners, artillery and property were safely de- 
livered to the proper authorities at Ne^r Creek Station, on 
th(^ 10th day of August. The garrison at this post fired 
an artillery salute on our arrival, and went nearly wild 
with joy at the capture of the Chambersburg raiders. The 
following is a copy of the original report on file in the 
war department: 

Official. llarrisburg, Pa., Aug. 0, 18G4. 

Major: — I have the honor to report relating to the 
late invasion by the rebels in Chandjcrsburg, Pa., on the 
morning of July 30, 18(34. Being on detached duty 
at headquarters of the department at that place, and being 
unavoidably detained there, I was present both on the en- 
tering and departure of their force, and was an eye witness 
of the following: 

The rebels entered the town with a force of — 1 do not 
think — over 500 mounted men. They were under the 
command of General's McCausland and Bradley T. John- 
son. The main body of this force was camped at tli<' fair 
grounds one and a lialf miles out of town, on the Pittsburg 
])ike. Before enteiiug they fired two shells into town. 
They then entered by every .street and alley, the main 
force coming up in the rear. On their arrival in town I 



10:: CIlAMItKRSIIURG AND MOOREFIKI.D. 

met General MeC'ausInnd, nvIio Knid to nic tlint if I 1i:k1 
nny st-ll inter<->t at ^tnkf, it wtniM lu' \v«ll fctt inc to li.-tcii 
to tlu' ortltT lit' woiiM rra«l, mimI to {.'ft tlu' iiiuiiicipal author- 
tii's to^etliiT, ami rmnply witli llio «U-iiian(l.>< contaiiu'*! 
tluTfin. The onler was placrd in my lianil.- ami read, ami 
was in snhstauec ns follows: 

That in retaliation for the <U|»r»(lationK of (Jeneral 
Hnnter of tlio Inittd State.- forces, eommitteil during his 
n'l-ent Lynehhiir;; r.iitl, it is ordered that the eiti/ens of 
C'haml)er>liiir^', I'a.. ]>ay t«» the ( 'oiifi (h-rate States of 
Anirri«-a, l»y (ienend NI<('aii>Iand, the sum of $1(K),0(K) in 
pold, or in lien tlureof $o()(>,(KM) in jrreenhaeks or national 
cnrreney, and if not ]>aid within three hours, the town 
would he hurned. The order was sij;ned hv (lemral .luhal 
A. h::trly. 

After readiiijx this doeumeiit I starttd out to find 
memhers of the town eouneil. Meeting one of them, I in- 
formed him of tliedeman<ls. Herejjlied that he would not 
pay them five cents. I then returne<l to the hotel. The 
rebels had dismount(<l, an<l were hreaking into stores 
and dwellinfrs, ami pillaping the same. When they 
entered town it was .'):.'}() a. m., from whieh time I wa.s 
in eompany with Itoth (Jenerals MeCansland and .lohnson. 
I being in citizens clothes, they did not know I was a 
Fetleral soldier. At {> o'clock MeCansland ordered the 
town hurned. In a A-w minutes the commissary store 
house was in flames, while (u-neral MeCansland ami C<d- 
rtnel Harry (iiimore were riding throu^di the street, nolily- 
ing «iti/.ens, as they pointed to the flames, that they W(»uld 
earry the onhr int<» execution if the demands were not 
complied with. (Jeneral MeCansland then returned to the 
Kranklin Hotel, when I heard him say that (leneral Av- 
erell was within four mile- oftiie phwe with 'J, (MKI cavalry. 
Said he, "We will now hurn the place and r» treat." In a 
few moments thec(»urt house and t<twn hall were inflames, 
and almost simultan(*ously tires hroke out on most of the 
streets. I repaired to the h<»tel ami fotind the rehels were 
rariNicking the rooms and trunks of the hoarders, and don- 
ning the clothes contained therein. * * f * Ahout 
this time — mar noun — the rthi-ls had marly all hft town, 
except a rear guard. When they left most <»r them were 
H» intoxicated they wer*- hardly capahle of sitting on their 
horM'M. I have the honor. Nlajor. to he votir oht-dient 
M'rvant, Wii.i. S. K«n iim:>i'i;ij(;i:i{. 

Serg'i Co. L. -('ih I'a. Cavalry. 




Con. Gen. JOHN McCAUSLAND, 



Srr p»);r I Hi to l.'ij. 



ciiAMiiERsrirnc; and moorkfikij). 



STATEMKXTOF GENEI2AI> MCfATSLAXD. 

Dear Sir: — Yours of February loth, 1892 received- 
The burniiif^ of Chambersburg was done in accordance 
with the written instructions of General Early, His in- 
structions accompanying the order were explicit : To pro- 
ceed to Chambersburg and levy a conlril)ution on the 
place, to re-iinburse citizens of Virginia, viz. Andrew 
Hunter, A. I\. ]><)telar, John Ix'lcher and others for the 
wanton destruction of their property by (Jeneral Hunter, 
a federal commander. The route was even indicated, and 
if the money was not paid to burn the town as an act of 
retaliation. The order also directed me to go to Cumber- 
land, Maryland, and do the same thing. Also to collect 
all the cattle and other supplies that I could in the western 
counties of Virginia and ^faryland. I crossed the l^oto- 
mac above Marlinsburg and by a night march reached 
Chambersburg at daylight. I left a part of my force on the 
heights overlooking the valley and then entered the place. 
I tried to assemble the burgesses or city council to submit 
my orders to them, none, not one, could be found. I then 
posted notices on the court house door and other places, 
and after waiting several hours the burning began, and 
ended in the destruction of most of the ])lace. This 
matter has all been gone over many times, and the citizens 
of Chambersburg have been ])aid their losses by the state 
of Pennsylvania and the United States government. My 
connection with the matter was that of an ofhcer obeyinj; 
orders, and I did not then, nor have I since, ever discussed 
the merits, or the demerits of the same. The affair at 
Moorefield was caused by the surprise of Johnson's brigade. 

I had notice from my spy, Kuykendall, of Moorefield, 
of the approach of Averell, and as far asl was concerned, 
the necessary orders were issued to meet the case. These 
orders were not executed, and there ends my responsi- 
bility. 

Any other matter pertaining to the case will be cheer- 
fully given you. Enclosed, find photo. It is of an older 
man than I was in the war. Yours, etc. 

(Signed) John jNIcCat-si.and 

Grimes Landing, AV. Va. 

Feb. 17, 1892. 

To J. J. Sutton, 
Portsmouth, O. 

McCatisland's and Johnson's bri^^ades never recovered 
from the effects of the ]\looretield adair. So said General 



I .1 



i iiAMiii:K>-nri:G axi» MtnuiKKiKM*. 



h^irly in a re|M»rt writton \o tlu- rebel secretary ol \v;ir 
Mime time in the winter of I8(i4. 

After llie MtMiret'u'ltl ufTair, liavinj; returiietl tu 
Mariiiisburg, the repiiiieiit with the hri^aiU* under C'ohuiel 
Powell, was eoiistaiitly in the saddle, enjoying spirited vu- 
pipMiients with the rebel cavalry un«ler Inilutden and 
Vau^han. A verell's tlivision soon learnc'd how to li:uidh- 
these forces, and althon<;h there was no severe fi«jliting ft»r 
S4»vend ilays, it was a j^o««l seho(d for the re«;injent, and 
learnitl it many new lessons in the art <il' war. We htul 
lieen newly armed with the Sj>eneer earbine, which was a 
splcndiil <avnlry arm, and capalile «tf ni)>i<l and accurate 
firing. Thi> new ^un greatly surprised the encniy, and 
sonic of the prisoners avowed thai <luriM}i our alisencc 
from the valleys we had been loading. 

A new era was inauj;unitc<l in the valley dating from 
the 7th of Auf^ust, when Major (Jcneral Philip II. Sheri- 
dan a>>unu'd command. The jircscnce of (his coniman<h'r 
inspirecl all with lu-w hope and counij^c. Hunter's forces 
were badly scattcre«l, ami that gem-ral himself did not 
kn«nv where to find (he enemy. He had been so em- 
barrassetl by orders from Washington, moving him fir-t 
one way nnd then another, that he lost nil trace of Early. 
To afford a "peep behind the .scenes," as it were, of this 
Washingtcui interference with the armv moveiiu-nts, the 
following; documents are given. 

( leneral ( irant wrote (iencral Halleek, .\ugu>t 1st, as 
fo||ow>: 

"1 am -ending fjcncral Sheridan for tempoiaiv diitv, 
whilst the enemy is being expelled from the Imr- 
der. I'niess (ieneral Hunter is in the fiild in 
person, I walit Sheridan |int in eonuiiand of all 
the troops irt the field, with instructions to ]»ut 
himself siiuth of the enemy, and follow him to the 
death. When-ver tin* enemy g«M's, there let our troops go 

alw». ' )n<-e started np the valley, they ought to be followed 

until we git poswssiun of the N'irginia Central railroad. 
If <»en« ral Hunter is in the field, pive Sheridan ounmanti 
of the. sixth ( oip-. and the ( "avalry Divisicui. All tin- 

e(\;iIiA will r, :i. ii W 1 Jiiii.t.,!! Jm (It u rsc of to-UHU'roW . 

U. S. CJlt.VM. 



ClIAMIIKltSlJURCi AM) MOCJUKII i:i,l». 1 ".5 

This letter was read by President Ijineoln, and lie 
thereupon sent Graut the following remarkable dispatch: 

Lieutenant General Grant; — I have seen your dis- 
])atch in which you say "I want Slieridan put in command 
of all the trooj)s in tlie field, with instructions to ))ut him- 
self south of the enemy, and follow him to the death," etc. 
This is, I think, exactly right as to how our forces shoidd 
move. But please look over the dispatches you may have 
received from here, even since you n\ade that order, and 
discover if you can, that there is an idea in the head of any 
one here putting our army south of the enemy, or of Jol- 
lowing him to the death in any diiection. 1 repeat to you 
it will neither be done or attempted, unless you valch it 
every day and hour, and force it. A. JvINMoln. 

Grant's reply was characteristic of the man. lie an- 
swered: "I start for Washington in two hours." 

U. 8. Grant. 

The Lieutenant (ieneral came on to Monocacy with- 
out even stoj)ping at Washington, and himself directed the 
army to move to Halltown, four miles above Harper's 
'Ferry, feeling sure that Early would soon be in front of 
our troops moving south. General Hunter now asked to 
be relieved from command. This was at once granted, 
and General Grant telegra])hed to Sheridan to re])ort im- 
mediately at Monocacy. He came, and General Grant 
met him at tlu; little station, telling him what had been 
done and what there was to do. 

Sheridan, in a general order to liis troops, assumed 
command. I (piote from one of our war historians; "Sher- 
idan's first grand opportunity had come. He was about 
thirty-two years old, and in command of 30,000 men, the 
flower of our army. Included in this was 8,000 of the 
finest cavalry in the world, under such commanders as 
Averell, Torbett, Custer, Merritt and Gregg. Against him 
was Early with an equal force, including Stonewall Jack- 
son's veterans and Rosser's and Wickham's rebel cavalry. 
The valley was a familiar battlefield to their forces, and 
eminently adapted to the offensive-defensive operations 
Avhich distinguished the entire history of Lee's struggle in 
, Virginia. " 



l-'tU t iiA Mi.l.i:>r.i 1 'it)(»i:i 11 i:i.i». 



On the morning of August KUh tin- luarcli up tlu* 
valley was l>rgun. hjirly was at, or near \\ imlu'stfr 
Our army <"on.-i>ttil of the Sixth Corps, tin- Nimtii'nth 
Corjw, Cr<)ok*» Division of West Virginia infantry, ami 
Avrrt'll's, Torln'tt's an<l Wilson's «livi>ions of <avalry, 
wliich in('lu«l('<l su<'h noti-*! l»riga«lo cointnaiulers as Custt-r, 
Dcvin, Mirrit antl I'owtll. As our army advancr*!, the 
ent-my ft-II l>a»*k. and there was hkirmi.-hing only, until 
Stra^hnrg was rea«ln'(l, on the l.'.lh. At this jioint word 
was ree«'ived from the eajiital that a rehel htrce was 
man'hing through ("ulpi'piwr county, with the evident in- 
tention of striking our nar. The aiithorifie.- at N\*a>hing- 
ton lieeoine alarnxd, anil on tli(> I'tth sent a dispatch inform- 
ing Shoriilan of this new «langer. This eausecl the new com- 
mander to fall rapidly hack to llalltown, and take a .strong 
position near that |»lace, the regiment, with Averell's 
division, otM-upying its «»Id place near Martinshurg. Of 
course the enemy followed. Shirmishing again c(jmmeneed, 
Hunker Hill luing the scene of several hrisk engagements. 
( )n one of these occasions the Second West Virginia 
drove the rehel cavalry luyond liunker Hill, capturing a 
rehel suj)ply train. In this aflair C'omjiany (J, Cajitain 
.\nkrom particularlv distinguished itstlf liy hringing ofl 
the train and iliiviug oil" the force that ti'icd to recapture 
it. I'he activity of Averell's division kej>t the confeder- 
ates «ui the Martinslturg pike, in a stale of unrest. 'J'here 
was a fight every day, and when the relxl cavalry — iiudt r 
Imhoden ami \'augu — altenijded to stop Powell's hrigiule, 
tlu'V wouhl soon he scattend :ind chased, until infantry 
and artillery, in large nutnhcrs, would he encountnt d. 

Oil one <d' thcs«' oc<'asions, a rehel force attemptid to 
stop our progress at ]'tink«r Hill, and after they luul he* n 
di.-lotlged from the four or live empty houses that coni- 
pris«Ml the place, they were chased toward W inchcstcr, 
until a haltery of artillery hegan firing at huig rang*'. 

The Sicoiul N'irginia was marching in tlouhle column 
mar the pike. The nhrl hatiery was throwing solid shot 
into a piece of iind»er, near our right flank, and the men 



CIIAMBERSBURG AND MOORKFIKLD. 



107 



wcM-e carefully watching the course and effect of the shot. 
One ball cut the toj) out of a tree in our front, after which 
it struck the ground, bounced like a gum ball, and richo- 
cheted of! down through a field. Tlii- I):ill cut such 
antics, and looked so innocent, and iiarnilcss that a young 
man who had only recently enlisted (juickiy jumped from 
his horse, remarking, "watch me catch the darn thing," 
and actually started in ])ursuit of the deadly missile. I'he 
shouts of derision that greeted his actions caused him to re- 
mount his horse, looking for all the world lihc he had 
made a fool of himself. 

The division remained in this position until evening, 
then returned to camp. This kind of warfare was kept 
up until about the loth when the division under command 
of General Averell drove everything before it to near Car- 
ter's fiirni, where Kershaw's divisou of confederate infan- 
try was encountered. The enemy was strongly posted, and 
as a heavy rain was falling, and the fields being very soft 
horses could not be ridden out of a walk. Under these 
disadvantages, and after several attempts to break our line 
had been made, the cavalry quietly withdrew. In the 
action Lieutenant Boyd, of Company C, was killed. In 
the war records (ieneral Early says that Averell became so 
troublesome on the Martinsburg pike, that he detached 
Kershaw and sent him to strenghen their force on that 
road. 




( li ATI I.K XV. 



IIATTI.F> «>K WIN* lIKSTKIt .\M» IISIIKK- IIII.I 



Sluri«l:iu favs, "Fiiuliii},' K:irly's li^lit wraUcncd, I 
(ictcrii)ii)c<l to }^o in :in«l <tiis!i him." On iIm' cvfuinj; of 
tlia l^lli \v»' wvrv inf'ornu-d l»y oHicial orilcrs tliat tluTc 
woiiKl Ik" a ^(Mu-ral cni.'ajrrinrnt on thi- morrow. Tliis 
nrws wa.s received I »y tlic regiment with the ;;rfatr>t .siii>- 
faction, for constant >l<irmishini; without apjiari'iit result 
was jrottin^ lo he monotonous, and wr were <|uitc willing 
toM-tth'thf matter l>y whip|»in«r th<» tiu'my. or j^cttin;; 
whi|>|M><I in thi- atttMiipt. 

Thf rt'adinj; of ordi-rs tolling of a i»attlr "to-m<»rrow" 
wa- a n«'\v t'X|u'rion<'<' in onr war life; ami on that nirni- 
(»ral)!c' Sahhath rvcnin^, jj:ath('r('tl ahont tlic Itivouao fires, 
ihiMleliheratf eoiitemplation of "hattlo to-morrow" was not 
niimixed witli sericuis thonjrhts. The silent ])renarations 
wen- made with njanv a hcartaehe, many tender memories 
of home and loved one'-. It may he tiiat a tear mav >>teal 
down the eheek of >iome tdd warrior as these recollections 
rowil upon him. •' Tii • l»r.iv.'-ii are tli' tend-rcst, the lov- 
inj; arc the true." llow many will answer the next ndl 
<*all? A- the ni^dit jiasHcs and tin- sentry paces his heat, 
the cainp-firc-.s growiu}; dim in the distance se«'m to him 
jiu*k-«»-laiiterns; his faithful horse shares his watch, while 
tlicM* lliouj^lits Hit over his mind, until his ipii(lc eardi- 
terlM liie approach <d' th«' ndief ^uard, and his mind is frecti 
(nmi tlie slnin oftlie hiht hours. The younpr soldi«r is 
not Irouhled with these thon^hls, lie d<»es not think of con- 



I5ATTLE OF ^VI^•CIIE.STER. 159 



sequences, as with flasliing eye he pictures the conflict of 
to-morrow, lie does not dream of defeat; and as lie sits 
i)y the fire writing to some fair-haired Nortliern maich-n, 
his words tell of victory already won and he the >harer in 
that victory. 

It is not purposed to describe tliese Shenaudoali hat- 
ties in detail, but the narrative will be confined nit.re j)ar- 
ticularly to the operations of the cavalry of which the regi- 
ment was a ])art. The cavalry movements just now begin- 
ning,' under Sherichiu were so gigantic and so audacious 
that they gave the world a new (•oucei)tion of such warfare. 
The dash, vig(jr and boldiu'ss displayed at all times start- 
led the Confederate commanders. They recognized that 
this was a "new departure" and the abler ones saw that the 
om\ was not far off. It would rc(juire the pen of a poet 
Mud the brusli of a .i)ainter, nuide red with the blasonry of 
battle, to describe the tone, color and movement of these 
events. It is simj)ly impossible. It is glorious to have 
lived and participated in them. 

At break of day, on Monday, the 19th of September, 
the advance began, and soon the little white puffs of smoke 
j)lainly told us that the skirmishers were at work. Xear 
Hunker Hill a considerablr body of cavalry, supported by 
artillery, was encountered, but they were quickly driven 
away. The boom of cannon to our left indicated that the 
battle was on, and through that day, as the sounds grew 
louder and nearer, we knew the enemy was disputing 
every inch of the way. The fighting on our left was des- 
jx'rate, with charge and counter charge, until about 4 
o'clock in the afternoon, when Crook, with his division of 
West Virginia infantry and Torbett's cavalry, joined Av- 
erell on the Union right, and boldly charged the rebel left. 
An historian, speaking of this, says: "The sight was inspir- 
iting, and at once the Union lines moved solidly forward on 
the rebel right and center. The cavalry and Crook's in- 
fantry repeatedly charged th.e retreating Confederates, fol- 
lowing them to their fortified heights." 

About the time Averell formed a junction with Tor- 



IrtO n.XTTLE OF WINCH ESTER. 



bott and C'nxik, a portiuii of tli« Socoiul West Virji;inia 
was s<Mil u short lli^»lalu••• to the left ia a wooil. IKn' they 
rati into a hripide of rehil ••avalry in line fuctJ the other 
way. The seven .shooi.»r» were Wrought into phiy, the 
enemy he<ninie \k\u'u' Ktriektn, ami was foUowetl in flank l»y 
onr liltK* h.inil, whieh, with wihl shouts of victory, 
a|>|Kirently «lrov»- them from the fiehl. The re;;iment hore 
an tm|iortant |>;irt in the eharjje with tlie hrij^de nn(hr 
Colonel l*owell, eapturin;; eij^hty pris<»ners ami twt) ean- 
non on \Vinch.sti.r llei;^lit.s. In this ront, whieh SL-nt 
I'^irly whirling np the valley, the re^inwnt oeenpietl the 
rij;ht; :»n»l when erossinj^ Winehe.ster Heights in the 
eveninjr. wr had a punoramie view of I'arly'.- panic stricken 
jirmv. pnrsned hy onr victonms tro(»pers. 

riu- niy;hl <»f the \'.H\\ the rey;iinent cainjud a f( w 
niile> t«> thi' south an«l wc^t «»f Winchester. 

The resnit of the battle is well known. .Sheridan 
eaptnred 'J, •>•>;» prisoners, ninL* b.ittle flags and five piece-; 
of artillerv. The enemy left ,'i,0()() wonntlcd in Win- 
elu^ter. Our loss was also Inavv. t!ir killnl. \V(»;iMdc<l 
ami mis>ing aggrepiting 4,0()(i. 

.\ critic in writing of this battle, has .-^lid: — "The 
battle of the ( )|)etiiian was fonght witli the pri'ci.-^ion of 
clock work, and was the first one of the war in which 
eavalrv, artillery atid infantry were all used concurrently 
and to the best p<js8ible advantage, eacli according to its 
own nature and traditituis." 

The overlhn»w of the enemy was absolute and com- 
plete. The country was electrified. an<l the gloom which 
had hung over it was dispelle*l a-< if by magic. (i<thl took 
such a tumble as it had not receivetl since the outbreak of 
the rebellion, an*l from that tim«' forth no one doubted the 
triumph of «(ur ariU" or the re-establishnunt »d' the I'nion. 

K:irlv on the morning «d"the 'JOth the march was again 
taken up, and soon the Second \N'c«.t \'irginia was dcployi «1 
a* -kimi«luM>. 'I'he rebel cavalry wa^ .miou driven away, 
and We Were cMiilronled by infantry ^kirmi^hcr^,wlMk gnid- 
ually gave why all day. 




GENERAL JUBAL A. EARLY, 

Ki'diii a I'hiito.siiK'p the wai-. 



IJATTLE OF W INCIIESTEK. 161 



On the 21st the satiie taetics were followed, theenemv 
mukiug some bold stands, hut they were dislodj^cd and 
forced baek. On this day, whih' our skirmisher.s had halt- 
ed to receive ammunition, a red fox trotted along our front, 
making for North mountain, imt when firing again com- 
menced, some trooper may have halted him with a shot 
from his carbine. 

On the morning of the 2"-ld we dismoutited and skirm- 
ished as infantry, owing to the nature of the eountrv. 
About noon the Confederates had all been driven into their 
works at Fisher's Hill, their left resting on Morth Moun- 
tain. Our skirmishers had worked their way to within 
one hundred yards of tlu; rebel works, and a desultory 
firing was kept up. Crook, with his infantry marched in 
the rear of our line, and gained North ^lountain. At o j). 
m. this gallant conunandcr charged the rebel left, doubling 
up their line; then (he infantry on our left charged, and 
the entire rebel position was carried. Through this gaj) 
made by Crook, Colonel Powell, with the brigade, charged 
the broken masses until nine o'clock at night. I\Ianv pris- 
oners were taken in this chase. One thousand men and six- 
teen guns were taken at Fisher's Hill. Sheridan's biogra- 
pher says that all that saved Early's army from de- 
stiuctien as an organization wa? the stubborn fight made 
against Torbett at Milfoid, in t!i^ Ijiiray valley by the 
confederate cavalry under (icneral ^yickhanl, who at Front 
Royal the day before (Se[)t. 21st) had fought Wilson most 
vigorously. On the 22d, Torbett was held in check all 
day at ^lilford, finally at sundown, <lriving WickJiam 
before him. J^jth wjro splendid an J wjU mitcho'd cavalry 
battles, in whicli the alv.mtag* fin illy rjsLed with us, but 
the stubborn fighting of the onfederate trooj)-; savi'd their 
army, nevertheless. 

On ,Se})t. 2od, w'lile in tlu' faoe of thi' (!!i,'niy, (J 'Ui'ml 
Av(>rell was relieve 1 from his e )m!nanJ, an 1 f >r the gal- 
lant conduct of the S^'cond brigad;^. Colonel Powell was 
assigned to the command of the Second Cavalry Division. 
This was a responsil)le position for Colonel Powell, as- 



162 BATTLE OF WIX»lltS*TEH. 

.suniiii^ ciiinumnd uf t^o lurj^e a ImkIv ot nKitnitrd nicii and 
ill llii* tin" of till' I'luiny. (i.-iionil Sluriilan iv|>o.>*icl ^vinit 
rniifuii-iu'i* ill CoIiMioI I'owell, juiii .Mihsi'tjuintly ixj»rt's«<i'tl 
his rtiitistactiun witli the choice he liad inadf. CoKiiiel 
Powt'll haiMlloil the ilivision witli good jiid;:inent, aiul for 
this rflieifiu'v was finally (•«»imnissi(iiird a< ltri!/:idi(r p'lur- 
al of vidiiiitren«. 

< )ii ilii- 'Jlth. tlu' pursuit \\a* nnewnl. iNiwcHV divis- 
int) takiii;; tlu- hark roail >ev(ial iuil<'> t<» thr ri^ht of the 
vallev pike. Ahniit 1» (>\-l<u;k ill tile luorniii^ a <li'terinine<l 
liodv <d' ri'hel (Mvalry was fniind pasted <mi a liill in a small 
t>wn, pri'pired to resi.>t our advance. I/uut. .1. W. Kick- 
er's .HjUadrou <d* the Second \'ir;;inia w.is smt forward, 
uikI hojdly char;;cd th»' Confederates, takin^ij tlicin in flank, 
and driviiij^ thetii upui th;*ir main c dntnn, captnrin;; a 
inniiher of jirisoners. The gromul on the left (»f the road 
adinitteil of inoiiiited men ridin;; at j^ood speed, and while 
tin a l\a!»'- • ill the roail time and a^:iin char^^ed the rebel 
r-ar. otir little f«»rce rode alon;; their <'olnmn and jxtiin-d a 
withering fire into tlu-m at sln»rt ranj^e. This wild fi^lit 
wa- k<'|it iij* all day, our eiitliii^ia^tic pursuers not prrmilt- 
iii'f ilii-m to form a line to pro(«'ct their column; for cvcrv 
time this was attemj>ted, the flankers were tlnn- with a 
d -adlv cross fire from their s;'ven shooters. Tin- wlnde 
divi.sion was comin;; raj»idly n|>, full of that ele«-trie fervor 
of vi<'torv which makes the s(ddier for;;et fatij^ue ami hun- 
ger, and iiiakin;; him to fi'cl as if the world was akin to 
hin iihmhI, as the passion of victory with which he i-animat- 
rtl III alio;: iu hishnast with rythmic jultilan<c. 

TIk- main infantry fun-c was camped mar llarri^on- 
liiirj;, the division umlcr Powdl continninir to Urown's 
(Jap, o I t' e *J<5th. and Meyer's cave on the *J7th, where the 
( 'oiifi derate cavalry was eiwountcrcd. < )f this afl'air (Icii- 
••ral I'owj'll, iu hi- paper on "Sheridan iu (he Sluiiandoah" 
|inldi»hcd ill the Indiaiiapoli- .\ incrican Trilniiie, .\ pril IT, 
I HIH . N'tx «■: "The di-po«.ition of my lim- hailluit hardv heeii 
made and c\eciitcd, when (leii. Wick ham, rommandin;; Fifth 
I'liflh I/«'e's covalarN . Iuin in^' mo\ rd around thv »oinh end of 



BATTLE OF WINCHESTEK. 163 



the Meyer's cave i-idjj^e, attacked my riglit, opcninjj^ the cn- 
gaj^ement with artillery. I immediately ordered J^ieut. 
AV'eir with a section of the oth U. S. Artillery to chaiifre 
position, and bear upon the advancing line of thi; eneinv 
on my right. I then as.sumed command of my old rc'^i- 
ment, the Second West Virginia Cavalry, and by a vigor- 
ous fire from my guns, skillfully and energetically execu- 
ted by Ijieut. Weir, and a determined charge \)\ the Sec- 
ond Cavalry, that I must say here, never failed me in an 
emcrgeney, AN'ickhain's (lasliiii;^' cavalry were driven back 
in confusion, utterly routed, and they did not ai^aiii dis- 
turb my right." 

The cavalry under Torbett went as far as ^\'aym■sboro 
and on their return, laid waste the valley. Th^; army then 
quietly returned to St>-;isburg. Of this destruction in the 
valley, General Shci'idan says: "In moving back to this 
})oint, the whole country from the Blue liidge to the North 
Mountain was made untenable for a rebel army. T have 
destroyed over two theusand l)arns filled with wheat, hay 
and farming implements, and over seventy mills filled with 
wheat and flour; have driven in front of this army over 
four thousand head of stock, and have killed and issued to 
the troops over three thousand sheep. Since I entered 
the valley from Harper's Ferry, every train, every small 
party, and every straggler has been bush-whacked bv 
the people, many of whom have protection papers. 
Lieutenant Meigs and his engineer were murdered 
near Dayton. For this atrocious act all houses within an 
area of five miles were burned." About the 'loth or 2*)tli, 
Companies II and J, under command of Jjicut. d. W . 
Kicker, were ordered to report to General Slieridan's 
headquarters at llarrisftnburg. Soon after arriving there 
they were sent with the headquaiters signal corps to Mas- 
sanutten INIountain, six miles east of Harrisonburg. The 
signal corps established itself on a spur of the nioiintMin. 
and with their powerful fiidd glasses commanded a view (»t 
the valley for miles in nearly every direction. Thev sig- 
jiaknl to Sheridan's headquarters, detailing all that came 



1G4 HATri.r. <>k « i.n« hksi-kij. 

wltliin Hfu|H« of their observation. It \\a> nearly two 
niile.H fr.»ni the hzw «»f thi- iiinuiitaiii to the top ; and while 
the weatln-r was warm in tlie valUy. larj;e tires were kept 
huruin^ on the top. Tlie first tliity perfornieil. ami that 
after ni^ht. was to clear away tlu* hrush ami timhtr so there 
was an unobstrueteil view of (Jeneral Sheridan's heatl- 
«|Marti'r>, six miles distant. The first dispatch signaled hy 
the torehfs was, that near tin* base of the mountain, to the 
east ««f us, tliere was a larp' eamp of eavalry NUp|>osed to 
h.' Torhett, as his route ha«l l)e«'n up the Luray valhy. 
The an>wir wa>^ nturnttl "( >. K." The next morning the 
(•avalrv named broke ramp early ; l)Ut to our surpris*- they 
wrni in tlu' tlire«ti<uj «d' I'l;irly's position, and proved to be 
(icneral Wiekham wilh Fit/. Ilujrh Ln'.-. djvi.-iou of nbrl 
cavalrv. Tlu' sijjnal eorps oflieers were very kind to us, 
and frripMiitly allowed us to take a p(e|> thront;h the lar^e 
fnld t'lasMs. Water and jtiovi>ioii> had to Ik- j-arried to 
thr mountain top, which was very laborious. The s(juad- 
lon camped near the base of the nxmntain, and as (he 
country was rich, they live<l of! the fat of the land. A 
water powi r mill containing plenty of wheat, and a fiiu' 
^weet potato patch wtie found near. by. These had be»n 
hft bv (ii-neral lOarly, aiul were prom|»tly taken charge of 
bv the M|uadroii. TImv operated the mill, — or rather 
a-ked the miller to «lo so; they dug the swiit ptitatoi's, ex- 
changed Hour for butter, eggs ami honey ainl other com- 
modities not Usually found in the commissary. .V few of 
the bovs Were se<*n carrying their canteens, and ittlu-rwise 
guardiu/ them carefully. T»» the unitiated this did not 
mean anvthing, but to the knowing it told its own story. 
There was apple jack in the ecuintry. This article was 
alwav- rc'^'ardcjl as a c<mtrabaml of war. I'rom tlu* signal 
Htation thev had a grand panoramic view of the »lc- 
structioii of the barns, granaries and mills of the valley. 
Al)out the 5th of ( )ctober (he >cpiadron was withdrawn 
from the nioutain, and <u*dered (o repor( to (Jeneral Tor- 
iK'tt'.s ln'adipiarliTs, near I larri-onburg. The order wa- 
received late in the evening, so that wIpu they airi\e.l 



IJATTLE OF WI>'CHESTER. 1G5 

there, the general and stall" luul n-tirccl. An (udcrly re- 
l)ortcd their presence to tlie general, who directed tjjcni to 
tie u|) and camp nntil morning. They were rii^ht in the 
midst of the army, and after some delay fonnd a resting place 
near General Crook's head«piarters. The next morningthcy 
drew rations and forage, and, us Colonel Powell had gone 
down the I^uray valley, they were exj)ected to join the di- 
vision. However, they were held in camp nntil aiiout ten 
o'clock, when Lieutenant Ixicker received orders to proceed 
down the valley pike with the squadron as escort to eight 
or ten amhnlanees containing two U. S. paymasters, a 
niend)er of Congress from Michigan, an eastern newspaper 
correspondent. General Custer's adjutant general, and a lew 
other officers, in all about twenty persons, on their way to 
Marti nshurg. The lieutenant's orders were to proceed 
down the valley pike, and not to permit himself to he 
drawn off the road by any demonstrations of the enemy, 
but to proceed rapidly until a train under escort of a divi- 
sion of infantry which had left camp in the morning, was 
overtaken, then to turn the ambulances over to them and 
join the division in the T^nray valley. It was exj)ected 
they would overtake the train by two or three o'clock. The 
little band, numbering about sixty carbines, with their 
charge, left camp about 10:30 a. m. Soon after |)a>sing 
the union pickets, squads of the enemy were observed on 
both flanks, but it was well known that the country below 
was alive with rebel forces under Mosby and McNeal. The 
object of the enemy seemed to be to make demonstration 
with only a few men to induce them to leave the road with 
apart of their force, when they hoped to stampede the 
rest and capture the wagons at least. At the little town of 
Edinburg a citizen told them that the train was just ahead 
when the fact was the train was more than twelve miles away. 
One of the men noticed an old colored man, apparently con- 
cealed behind a house, making motions as if to attract at- 
tention. The trooper went up to him, and learned that 
the enemy were all around there, that they had destroyed a 
small bridge north of town after the train had passed, and 



1C(J HATTLi: OK WIXfllKSTKR. 



that tlicy woulil liave to make ii coiisiilenilile iletour to the 
\Te8t to cross tlie stn*:!!!!. In making; thin erossing they 
wt-rt* (Miiifroiitrd l»y a forci- of rehrl cavalry nearly twice 
their nnnihi-r, hut our hoys kept a solid line, with carhincs 
in |>ositii»n, and hcyontl a fVw shot.-* fired hy the foe, there 
was no di>|H>Hitiun shown to atta<'k them. When they 
tinallv rej;aineil the pike, their conrse seemed ch-arer. It 
was now after A o'clock, and the tniin was still far aheatl. 
In this way they kept on nntil <lark, when all ilis- 
tin«tly hear«l the r.ittle of the train <tn the stony pike 
ahead, and from i-very elevation in the road expecte«l to 
see the camp fires of the infantry, or nt least find their 
pickets. So certain were they as the noise indicated that 
the tniin was just ahead, that they somewhat rela.\e<l their 
vigilance, ami relieve«l from tin- anxiety of the afternoon 
were chattin<j and latio;hini; and eon^ri-atnlatin^ themselves 
on their i-seajM'. From the amhujanccs came tones 
of good cheer. a> in the darkness they juir-iied their way. 
At last, from the top of a little hill in front came the 
the welcome and exj>ecte<l ehalh-n^e "hah, who comes 
there." "Friends." .\<lvanee one." Corporal Cieorge 
A. Stewart went forward to satisfy the picket as 
to who they were. The n-st of the party properly re- 
mained where tluy were, awaiting the signal "('(»me onl" 
.lust as they were getting impatient at the delay, the wel- 
come summons was home on the night air in clear and 
loud tones, "All right, come alu ad." .\< the little hand 
neared tin- top of the hill when- the |iiiket was supposed to 
he, a heavy fire was poun-d into their column from an am- 
hnscadc scarcely twenty |)aees away. It was very dark, 
an«l the flash of the enemy's gnnsseenu-«l right at their feet. 
I'ortnnately, their aim was too low, for not a man was 
touched, and (udv two horses wer( killed. The |H>rsons in 
the anihulanc" h:i«.tily sjuight shelter hehiiid some stone hy 
the roadside, (^nii'kly recovt-ring from a nuunentary snr- 
pris<', the es«'ort o|M-ne«l fire on the now rein-ating rehels, 
'•homing to them, ealling them liu>h\N haek( rs an«l cowards. 
Stewart afterward t^ld Ik'U the two nhels that had hold of 



IiATTI>E (Jl' WINCIIESTEU. 1()7 

hirn said, "Run faster, Yank, or the last ono of tis will be 
killed." The corporal said that for once in his life the 
whiz of bullets was a welcome sound to him, iur he hnd 
the pleasure of seeing the discomfiture of his captors. 

It was near 10 o'clock when they came up with the 
train where it had gone into camp. The officers in the 
ambulances were overjoyed at the happy terminal ion of 
the lively adventure. 

After some thrilling cxj)eriences, Stewart finally I's- 
caped from his captors, and made his way to Winchester, 
six days after. lie informed us that the oilieer eitmniatid- 
ing the enemy and three men were killed. 

The colonel, commanding the infantry, backed up by 
the officers they had been escorting, prevailed upon Lieu- 
tenant Kicker to accompany the train to Winchester. 'J'he 
squadron deployed on the flanks of the infantry as skirm- 
ishers, and ])rocceded in this manner to Fisher's Hill. 
The commanding officer at Winchester ordered the scpiadron 
on to Martinsburg with the officers under escort. While 
in this place they drew clothinsr, of which the entire 
command was in sore need. 

The squadron started for Front Royal, where the di- 
vision was camped, about the 10th of October. Tiie dis- 
tance from Martinsburg to Winchester is twenty-four miles; 
and that morning the weather was very cold. They were 
accompanied by about an ccpial number of infantiv, and 
on account of the cold the troopers invited them to ride 
their horses, they preferring to walk. The footmen wcie 
much pleased with the change, it being new to them, and 
they sat on the horses until they became numbed with 
cold. They reminded us of the story of the boy on horse- 
back whom a stranger met, and observing that the boy was 
very cold, asked him why he did not walk and warm him- 
self. To this inquiry the boy replied, ''Stranger, this is a 
b-b-borrowed horse, and I'll ride him if I f-f-freeze.' 

At that time the election for state officers in Ohio was 
held on the second Tuesday in October, and a law had 
been passed permitting st)ldier voters in the field to cast 



1G8 BATTLE OF WINCIIK8TEB. 



tin ir l'ullot>. Tlu" >(|iia(lroii pnKtKlid to CVtler Creek, 
aiul exereiiieil the right (if >»iflrajje hy votinj; at the polls 
of the .'JOth (>. \'. 1. TIm y ih«ii jnij-.n! ilic division at 
Front Koyal. 

Pieketing, K'outini; and foni^inj; ki|»t tlu- rt-^imeut 
ijnite l)ii>y. A strong; line of viih-ttes had to be kept in 
front, and it was i'<»ininon to (»»e rel»i'l troopers eoine in 
>ijjht, take a look at tlie ^itnatiun of lli«' ontpof^ts, and 
tlu-n ntire. 

On (Uic o(ca>i« n a detail <>f ahoiit >i\ hnndred ironi 
the division under eoniniand of an ollieer of the Seeoiul 
Virj;inia, went out on a four day's picket duly. Colonel 
I'owi'll ha«) sent wonl to this ollieer that all citizens fnun 
wlmtn propiTly of any kind had heeii taken for use of the 
army were entitled to a luarinj; in iheirown hehalf. Dur- 
iuir the linu' inentior.ed Major M(»r<zan had j;one out with 
a largi- lora;:iii^' party of the rejjjinuiit. It is said that a 
good soldier will make a **j;ood forager," implyin<r that a 
j»ood sohlier knows where forajrinj; 4cave> olV and ])illage 
hejjius. The major l)elonged to this class, for when he 
c:inie into camp hi- was laden with ev<rything eatahle, 
from a j)<»tato tt> a heef, and following in his wake were all 
kinds <if citizens, from the hutternut clad mountaineer to 
the lady in her carriage. To thcotriceron picket they all be- 
gan to pour out their tale of woe, and that ollieer was so 
torn with emotion between j»ity and duty, that he sent the 
entire party to C<donel I'owell. The C<don(l was so im- 
jiressed by tin ir appeal- that tlier«alter ollicets command- 
ing such exjKditions were given autlioiiiy to jia-«- up<»n 
pleas for compensation. 

Thus the time passed until the jsth of ( )et(»bcr. At 
thitf time the division occupi«d a >trong position on a low 
ridge overlooking the plain in front, and the town of I'ront 
Koyal. On our right the ground was <piiie rough, ami 
c«)vercd with a heavy growth ( 1 small tindter, thick with 
untlerbrush. While the division remained at I'' rout Koyal 
the rebel cavabv occupied a position at Milford. They 
Mere euhhlantly dri\cu from their eamii-* and kept in a 




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UATTI.E OF W INCHKHTEK. 



109 



State of unrest. Botweeu tlio ])ositioii df our riirhl, and tlie 
leftof the iiiAintry at Cedar Crock, A.r several miles, no 
troops were placed, liefore Sheridan left for Washington 
on the 17th, he direeted that a jiinetion be formed between 
these commands'. For some reason this was not done. In 
thisga]) the confederates made theii attack. 




( HAITI. i: w I 



HATll.K «>1- < KItAK < KKKK. 



Ivirly tin tlu' morniii;; of tlnT;>tlj we li«<t('n«'<l to the 
iioi"..- uf haltic on our ri;;lit, an«l some time alter daylijilit 
our pickets were <lia\vn iii.a-^ the iiureasinj; noi-e <tf l>attle 
ilearlv iiulieated that our army was fallinj; baek. Later in 
thf moruiu;; the enemy a|>|)eare«l in our front, hut tlitl not 
makeanv altemiit to atta<k. The divisiiui, or most of it, 
now man-hfd in the direetion of Newtown, an<l anivi'il on 
ihe \'allev pike )u>t ax (i«-neral Sheriilau passrd im his 
wav from \\ inehe-trr. \\ v witiu's>e<l the mo\<'ments of 
the cavalrv under Mcniit aixl Custtr, hut wa< not ealhd 
into action there, hut ju>t hehu-e the final charge that won 
the hatth' of Cedar Creek, we ailvaneed in the direetion of 
Front Koval, drivinj^ tlje rebel cavalry umh r Lomax, and 
eampin;; in our old ])ositi()n tliat ni;^ht. While the divis- 
ion wa- onlv sli;;htly en;::a;x«''' '■> this hattle, yet the Con- 
federates had anli<ipated throwin;; a foret* in the rear (»f 
"ur arinv hv t!ic j-'nuit lioyal road, and the hohl >land 
taken and maintained i)y ("ohuud I'owell prevented the 
earrvin;^ out of their p!aii<. l''or this j^enoralshii), and the 
j;allantrv di«plaved l>y (oiciitl Towell sueeessively a> reg- 
imental, hrigatie, and divi>ion commander, he was pro- 
m<tte«l t»j the position of Hri^a<lier (oiural of \'(dunt«'«rs. 

In ihi*^ promotion the re};;iment took a pride, and fell, 
iiifitiiietiv<'ly, that all had a share in the j:litterin;^ "star" that 
adorned the slhudders ol the ohi captain id Co. li. As 
f»o nmeli has hecn written an«l said about the battle of Ce<hir 
Crcfk, I have M leetetl a few .sketches (nun facts alr«aily 



15ATTLE OF CEDAR CKKKK. 171 



published. The foUowiiig interview with Juhii II. (Jor- 
don, a Confederate general, was puMishcd in the Bostoti 
Globe in 18<SS. In response to the niiiarh that had his 
(Gordon's) suggestions been earried out by Karly, even 
Sheridan could not have "saved the day" on that memora- 
ble 19th of October, 1804, at Cedar Creek, the ex-T'onfcd- 
erate General said, after remarking that he was u corps 
commander under Early : "Yes, the plan was mine wholly, 
and so was the conduct of the fight up to a certain |)oij>t. 
If my plan had l)een carried out there would never have 
been any 'Sheridan's Hide.' 

"We felt the vast imj)ortance of success and started in 
to win it. We had good men, and in most respects we 
were well organized and equipped. In tlie Siienandoah 
Valley we were among as good friends as the southern 
cause could boast. 

"We swx^pt down the valley and whipjied Ijcw Wallace 
on the Monocacy, and were only a little too late for captur- 
ing Washington, while a great career seemed opened to our 
army. As we moved off from AVashington two splendid 
corps were immediately put under Sheridan, We had a 
good deal of confidence in ourselves, with a clear field, and 
the army was in good spirits. Across the Potomac we 
stopped to rest and to gather forajxe and food. We also did 
some recruiting. Sheridan attacked us at Winchester, and 
we were routed. It was the first battle in tlie valhy. In- 
deed, before that we had not even had a check of any 
kind, having been able to live off the country, and even to 
forward supplies to Richmond. 

"When Sheridan came up the valley our troops were 
very much scattered. This, of course, because it 'was 
more convenient to feed them in that way, and we had not 
gotten well in line when we were plunged into the midst 
of battle. The federal assault was confident and impet- 
uous, es])ecially that of the Nineteenth corps, and we were 
in no condition to resist it. One division after another 
broke, and when the sun went down on the evening of the 
19th of Sej)tember, the federal victory was con)[)lete. We 



1 TJ IIATTLE OP CEDAR CIIKKK. 



hn«1 been iK-atfii in iK'tail. The attack was too sudden to 
i-iialiie us tu eonsi»li(iati' oiir Iuivcm niul ii>-e tiK-iii to tlu* 
best t««lvanta«;r, and \v»' wrre .Kliattfrf<| and d«-ni<tr:ili/.i'd. 

"Di'jeittil and l)roki'n wr niar«'lii'«l «lovvn tlic valhv to 
Fi^her's Hill, where we had a very strong |>o.sitiun. There 
wo stopped an«l ntTuitecl, and tried to repair thi' damage 
whieh had l)een done. Oiir soldier> were very niueh <lis- 
heartened, however. The transformation from a hoj»efnl 
ami advam-in^ army to a heaten and retreating one, was too 
preat. Three day." later we wen* a;;ain attacked in our 
|Mt,-iition and ai^.iin defeat<d. 

"Kor nearlv a month tin re wa> a ri'^pite, and then 
eame Cedar Creek. Kor the time hein^; we won tme of the 
j^reatot vietorit's of the war. Kvery d.'tail id' the move- 
ment was ea re full V planne<l. and for twelve honr>« it was 
>npremely .^neees^fnl. I had «rone the day i»efon', ( )rtolter 
iSth, to the top of what is eaUed Mas>anntten Mountain, 
where we had a signal eorps stationed, and had taken oh- 
servations thn»n;:h the Held-j;las>es. There was a majrnifi- 
j'ent hinl's evi- view. The Shenandoali was the silver l»ar 
between ns. On th«' oppttsite side of the river I eonid «lis- 
tineily see the re<l-enfTs of the artillerists. Why. I had S{» 
j:ood a view that I could see the sore sj»ot«« on the horses' 
haeks in vour eamp. In front of Belle (Ircjve Man-ion I 
eoiild -ee ineiiihers (»f Sheridan's staff cominp; and i:oint:. I 
eould not ima;:in*- a lietter op|)ortunity for makin<; out an 
enemv's position and strength. I eould i-vt-n count the 
men who were there. The eamp was splen«li«llv exposi'd 
to nH-. I marked the position of the guards and the pick- 
els walking; to and fro, and ..!.-. i-v.-d where the «'avalry 
was placed. 

"It fla>hed upon me instantly that (ieiieral Sheridan 
cxjKiird that \\v wouhl attack him on his ri^ht, which was 
the onlv pla<'e Kiippo.sed possilde for the advance of an 
armv. His left was protected hy the Shenan*h>ali at this 
point and the river ran around il. There was no road at 
all, an«l the point was {guarded only l»y a mere cavalry 
picket. 



IIATTLE UF CEDAIi {UEEK. 173 



"I saw our oi)i)()rtunity in an instant, and I told the 
ofHcer present tliat if (lencral Early would jH-rinit me lo 
move my c'ori)s (I was tlirn commandiuf;- Kwell's cori)?) 
down to this point, 1 cduld {x<'t anniml the moun- 
tain. JJotli sides Uflicvcd this was impossible, hut 
I felt sure that it could be done. Mv plan was to dis- 
mount our cavalry, attack Sheridan's cavalry when dis- 
mounted, and koej) them from movinjr. I knew if we 
could do this, we wouKl j^ain a great victorv. 

"None of Miy brother officers at first had anv confidence 
in the plan. When I was on INIassanutten, the nuMnbers 
of (Jeneral Early's stall who were with me were utterlv 
inei-edidous. I told them that if L was allowed to earrv 
out my plan we could annihilate Sheridan's ai-niv, and 
<lrive him pell-uiell out of the valley, and raise tlu' spirits 
of our j)eople beyond measure. 

"'J'here was a back road i-nnning from our position on 
Fisher's Hill to the Federal right, where the cavalry was 
posted. I exiK'cted to deceive the Federals by J>omax's 
atta(d<. It would be dark still, and they could not di.stin- 
giMsh our dismounted cavalry from infanty. and would be- 
lieve that our nuun attack was there on their right. This 
would leave us free to operate their left. 

"(Jeneral Early acted promj)t]y after he understood the 
])rojeet. The plan was submitted, talked over, and linallv 
substantially agreed uptui. I took my command, having 
ordered them to leave their canteens, sabrcjt, and everv- 
thing that coid-1 make a noise behind. I knew that our 
only dependence was in absolute secrecv and in a complete 
surj)risc. After inspecting things with my stafT' 1 fiuind I 
coidd get my men around the mountain bv putting them 
in single file. I discovered still another place where the 
horses could be led, although the venture would be exceed- 
ingly dangerous. Still the cxj)edition was one of great 
peril, and more or less danger was of little consequence. 

"Sharp men often leave a loo|)-hole; and as Sheridan, 
or Wright, of the Sixth cor[)s, who was in actual command, 
liad never through their scouts discovered this narrow 



174 HAT ILK OF < KI>.\H <UEEK. 



coiiiitrv riuul, or «litl nut (Iri'iii it jiossihlt- tct iiu»vo an annv 
l>y it, \vr \v«r»' l«ft lu «'om|iIrti* «»iir ^urprisf untii(»lf.st»'(l. The 
fvi'ut was takin;; things un llu-y wtTe, luit only j)<)s>ibk' but 
U(*tual, ami wi* ilitl what nono of your jK'oj>lt' (Ireaiiiod of 
a> |>os.sil>lr. Karly in the iiij:;lit I bi'jjan to move njy men 
antiind the niotinlain. My object was to liuve tliein all 
ready f<>r an attaek bef«»re (hiyli^ht in the morning. The 
movement t<»ok all nif;ht. All through the hours of dark- 
ness tlu' silent ligures moved to tlu-ir j»ositions near the 
sleeping; enemy. An entiri' l)ri<xad > of <'avalrv was m(»ved 
in tlii» way, aii*l reached tlie puint in alxtiit one and a half 
hour> in a«lvanef uf the men. I instructed the cavalrv 
that as siKin as I ;; tt ready to muvc they wer^^- to proceed 
in my froiit, rti-<h acr.»s« tlu- river, npen on the cavalrv 
picket-^, and capture them it" ptssible. If they <'oidil not 
«lo this, tlu y wen- to put their horses to lull spied, ride 
ri^ht throu;^h the federal camp, firin;; their pistols to the 
ri^ht and to the left as they j)assed through, and make 
directly fir Sheridan's lM'ad<|uarters and capture him. 

"At that time I did not kimw that Sheridan was absent 
and \Vrie;ht in cc)mmand. 1 had -ejected hi- Ikmi-c finni 
the llai;- which Moated fr >m it a!id the couriers wli<) were 
<-onstantly goinij in ami out. My orders weri': *(i> right 
througli the Federal cauiji with vmir c »iiiMiaii<l iict'.ire da\- 
light and directly to (icneral Sheridau's hcad<juarters. 
('apture him.' I told them not to take any jtri-oners, not 
t'l mind anything, but every mminted man was to pro.s.s 
towani llclle (irovc. We, with the in.Gintry, wtudd take 
«-are nf what was behind. J kn \v very well that the little 
fighting or capturing llu-y <• »uld ilo w uild b • of little ac- 
i'onnt cum|iarcd with (he pri/.- they were «xpected to get. 

"My signal was cibcyt'd exactly. ( )ii tin- morning ol 
of llie l!Mh, just about daylight, we lirctl three or four 
hIioU. Away the l'\(|cral pickets w.nt. with our cavalry 
brigade after them. I ru-hcd acio— , watling the riv«'r 
with my wh<dc <'orp- of infantry. We went with a ru-h 

and doliblc-cplick. Hefon- st;irling 1 had -elected (he 

house on the n-ad nt which the head of n:^ lobimn ►houM 



MATTLE Ul" C'KDAK C'KKKIC, IT-'j 



stop. It was a white house at tlie turn of the road, fartlier 
down toward tlie river, and was on the flank of the eniMuy's 
line. As soon as I got there I was in position, and I had 
notliing to do l)iit to cIos(> up in fiont ;iiid nioNC. 
Dashing forward with one brigade, we |)lunged into tlie 
enemy's camp and found tlie men asleej). Many of them 
never awoke in this world. ^\^' went right through them 
and shot every one in sight. The cavalry had reached 
head-(piarters and (Jeneral Wright barely escaped, leaving 
his i)apers behind hiiu, and tlu'y fell into our hands. We 
killed and wounded between seven and I'ight thousand of 
the panic-stricken Federals and broke two corps entirely 
to pii'ces. The loss in my conimand was oulv al^out Iwo 
hundred. JJy sunrise we occupied the breast- works. 'J'he 
enemy's cavalry M'as eomix-lled to retreat before Jlosscr, 
although superior in numbers. \\\' did not j)ress our ad- 
vance. The enemy still had the Sixth Corj)s in reserve, 
but we drove it back and captured a few of its jiieees. 
That was a complete victory. 

"To show that this was true, let me remind you that the 
eighth corps was scattered to the winds. The Nineteenth 
Corps, after hard fighting, was routed and driven entirely 
out of their works, and we had possession of the entire 
l"""ederal position except a part of that held by the Sixth 
Cor))>. This cori)s had filed out bv the left toward the 
pike, and we had driven them back an<l forced them to a 
ridge just west of Middletown. We had the })ike away 
along uj) to the edge of ]\IiddIetown, and our j)osition was 
admirable every way. 

''What was the real cause of the halt in our progres;? 
Tliere has been a great deal of misunderstanding on this 
|)()int. I saw that the enemy had a strong jwsition, 
i)ut that it was the last one they could Indd. 
We had one (»f the finest positions for porting artillery I 
ever saw, right on the highest j)i)int of the j)ike south 
of Middletown, and east and above Sheridan's luad- 
(piarters. J called fi:)r Colonel (barter, the chief of artil- 
lery, and wanted thirty guns planted right there, and we 



170 



IJATTLK OF (KDAU «KKKK. 



wouKl IiaVf hutuiv«l that ftili'nil liu.- all tn pifcts, dt*- 
inurali/.f(l an alrt-atly lK*atfti army, aiul sent it in uttor 
|Kmio tlowii the valley. Let iiu* tell you tlu' real cau^r «»f 
«»iir failuri' to gvt tlio urtilliTy fncotually at work. W'l* 
dill jjot a fi'W fjtins — .'iioiij^li to Itrrak tlu* lino — lnit lu'roiii 
roiiu*.'> thi" laini'iitaWli- fratiir*' of that ilay's husint'SM. You 
know that Kurly s:»y-i that tlu- final di-fi-at was caused by 
the iienii>rali/.ation of his own men in plunderiu}^ the feder- 
al eain|> and of j;ori;in;; on stitK-r's siiitplies thi'rc 
eapture«l. There i.^n't a word of truth in it. Tiure never 
was less sini<;;;liu;; or plundering ainon^ any troops than 
there was amonix *»urs th.il nutrnin^. 1 had them well in 
hainl, an»l had i»ued the strictest «)rdcrs that any soldier 
falliu;^ out for pluu«hr >hoid«l he shot in-taiilly. 

"That whole statenu'Ut is false. The real trouble was 
here. 1 was inakin^ every ellort to j::et a ma.>sof artilh'ry 
in position when (leneral ICarly rod- up. lie was wild 
with j«iv. I cxclainii'd, ( lencral Iv.irly, ;:ive m* thirty 
pieces of artillery ri^ht here and we will <lestroy that 
armv and send its fra:x:u Mits ov^-r th ' P.jtomae. I knew 
the stiprtini- moniciit h:id cKiiir. 

•' 'No, no,' he >:iid. 'We've won a jireat victory ; we've 
il-iiic cnouj^h for (Uic «lay ; wc will stop here' 

"Hut, I sai«l, let us lini.-h the jo'o. h it iiur \\c 
havr Won a «:rt:it \ ii-turv ; let us complete it. We can <lo 
it in an hour, and so destroy that army that it will never 
.-how its luad in the valhy a^jain. 

"I'Mit (leiieial I'.ariy -aid no; that the men had seen 
ti^htin^ cnou;.'h. and that we had \\un i:lnry enouirh for one 
day. 

"\'er\ well, -ir. 1 replied, then I will return to my 
eonimand. 

"I'ntil then 1 had entire charj^e of the movi-ments on 
the ri^jht. I did H'turn to my corps, and (Jeiiend Marly 
carrie<l on the hatlh. We followed up the I'ederals a- 
lliev retreated. Hiir men were too much elated wllh their 
victory." As to j-iarly'- own idudiiet mi the li.M, (ieneral 




SHERIDAN'S RIDE. 

"Hut thfrt* Im a tchmI from Wlncht'Htrr town, 

A go(n| hroiul hit^liway lfa«liiit; <l«)\vn ; 

And then- throii^'li tin- tluhli of iht- morning liKl't, 

A «t«'iMl tut lilaik lui the Mtfrds of ni^rlit 

Waa M*f>n to imim«, tm with vtmlv tliK)>l 



r.A TT r J-: of < • i; i > a r cii r, i-: k . 177 

fJordoii jH'rmittod liimsolf to say nothing. lie dcsiu-ilx's 
liimseif vividly Imw (he hattlc cliMiiurrd : 

"Iv/CTvbody knows alxnit liow Sheridan reached (he 
liehl in the nick of time, and how he came thniuhTin;^ 
<h)wn ii-oin W'inehester. lie found his men scattered ah)n<; 
tlie road in terror-strieI<<'n ci)i)fiisi()ii, aiid he c(tnij)elh(l 
thcni to turn about and foUow him. lie was a furv on 
horseback, dashin*:: here ami there anion;; the flvinj; 
soldiers and bcatin;; them back to the lield of 
death which they had <|uitted. Meanwhile, tin,' 
men who were I'etreatin;:: from the front hail been 
brought to some sort of order. Then followed one of 
the most extraordinary reversals in the history of any war. 
As soon as Sheridan reached the field lu; reformed hislim's 
and uraetieed upon us precisely the same UH)vcment which 
had demorali/.ed his own forces in the morning. He just 
moved around our flank, swej)t down it ami whij)ped us 
out of existencL'. lie br.)keonr liii!' all t') fragments, and 
routed the -whole army nmst absolutely. It was as thor- 
ough a defeat as I ev;'r saw. Til? day had dawned up')n 
victory and exultation. It closed upon utter disas- 
ter and dejection. Two distinct battles had I)een 
fought, and in the last we lost all we hud gained in (he 
first one, ami all that we had before. The reaction was 
dramatic in its suddenness and Comj)letene.ss, and when we 
left the fied that evening, the (Confederacy had I'ctired from 
tlie Shenandoah. It was our last real fight in the vallev." 

In regard to the number killed and wounded (ui the 
Union side, General Gor(h>n overstates the facts. In the 
four battles we fought and won our loss was, killed I'J.'iS, 
wounded 11, 89o, missing 3121, total IG, <)r>-2. These figures 
include all skirmishes and cavalry fights during a period 
of seven months. (Jeneral Sheridan's historian savs: 
"(ieneral ( lordon's statement is, ho.vever, a most note- 
worthy one. The charactcM* of its author is a clear guar- 
antee of its truthfulness, so far as he was able to know the 
facts in their completeness." 

The roster of the Confederate armv under ( ien. l:.arlv 



IT"^ llATTLE OF CEDAK CRKKK. 



nil tin* .*>«)ili of Sept 18G4 was oomposetl of five tlivislon? of 
liifanlry, cHimprUing eightoeu bripides of ninety-seven reg- 
iiiu'Ut'i; fi(tc<Mi hatteries of urtlllery; two divisions of cavalry 
«M:n|ii»«*<'i| of si'V«'n hrij^doH, represent in<; thirty rcjiiinents. 

Wii-khani's hrijpuK' of I^ *e*s division t»f eavalry was 
conipostMl of the Fir<t Virj^inia, C\»lonel Carter; Second 
Virj;ini». C'ohnirl Munifonl; Third Virj;inia, Colonel 
(>Atn; Fourth N'ir^inia, Coloml Payne. 

Sheri<laii'> ride whieli is here appended was composed 
nn l-r ih.* f (llowin:: «irennistanoe>: There was to lie a 
jfatherin;; at I*ik»''s op«ra house in Cincinnati, Ohio, soon 
after the haltic of Cedar Creek, in honor of the union vic- 
tories, and a reception to .lames C. Mur:lock, who had 
helped the "Siddier's Aid Society" in raising; funds. 
Minlock askinl T. Buchanan Head to write sonnthiuf!: on 
the hattle of Cedar Creek that he mi^^ht read it that Jii;:ht. 
The fain >us p,>eni was written in less than five hours and 
real hy the threat dramatist that nii^ht, with the efli-ct of 
raisin;^ such a storn» of i-nthii"*ia-»iM as had never heen seen 
in tin- <-ountrv. 



siii:i:ii>AN-s i;ii>K. 



I'p Iroiii ihf South at l)rt:iU ofday, 
lliinj^insr to \\'inehe>ier l're>h (li.-may, 
IheaflViirhted air with a shudder horc, 
Like a herald in hast<*, to the chief'fain's door. 
The terrildc ^ruiiilde and ruuiMe, and roar, 
Trlliu'^ theliattle was on once nxu'c, 
.\u<l Sheridan twfuty miles away. 

.\ nd will, r -till th" Itillows of war 
Thundered ahui;; the horizon's har; 
.\nd loudi-r yet into Winchester rolhtl 
The roar of that red sea nn<-onlro|led, 
.Makin;; the Idood of the listeiu-r cold. 
.\- lM-lhou;:ht of the stakr in the lierv tiav 
And Sheridr.u Iwentv mih's aunv. 



liATTr-i: OF ( KDAU (UKKK, 17!) 

But there is a road fi'oni W'incliester town, 

A jj^ood, broad hitrluvay leadiii*; down; 

And there, thron^di (lie Hush of the niornin;r li^ht, 

A steed as hkick as the steeds ot nisjjlit, 

^\'as seen to pass, as with eagle flight, 

As if he knew the terrible need; 

lie stretched away with his utmost sj)t>e(l; 

Hills rose and fell; but his heart was gay 

With Sheridan fifteen miles away. 

Still sprung from those swift hoofs tlninderiti';; south, 

The dust like smoke from the cannon's mouth; 

Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, 

Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster. 

The heart of the steed, and the heart of the master. 

Were beating like ])risoners assaulting their walls. 

Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; 

Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play 

With Sheridan only ten miles away. 

Under his spuiMiing foet the road 

Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, 

And the landscajie sped away behind 

Like an ocean flying bef<tre the wind. 

And the steed like a bark fed with furnace ire, 

Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire. 

Eut lo ! he is nearing his heart's desire; 

He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring frav. 

With Sheridan only five miles away. 

The first that the general saw^ were the groups 

Of stragglers, and then the retreating tr.»oj)s. 

What was done? what to do? a glance told him both; 

Then striking his sjiurs, with a terrible oath. 

He (fashed down the line mid a storm of huzzas, 

And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because 

"^rhe sight of the master compelled it to p;iuse. 

\\ ith loam and with dn>t the black charger was grav; 

By the flash of his eye, and his red iu)stri".s' |»lav, 
He seemed to the whole great armv to sav, 
"I've brought you Sheridan all the way 
From Winchester down lo sive the dav." 
Huiiali I hurrah I for Sheridan 
HuiMali I linrrah I for horse and man. 



ItATTLE OF CEDAR CRKEK. 



And when tlu'ir ctatiit«>M urt> )ilai*i>il on hi^li, 
I'imI.t tin' iluim- <»f tlu' I'nion skv, 
'i'h«- AiiH'iij-.m soKlirrs' t(*ii)|»l(' of I'limr; 
\\i- i( Hjiiil. in Irlii-r'* liotli ltol«l :in«l hri^lit; 
II. n- i- llii' .Htfiil that havftl tlu- Way, 
Ity f.irryin^ Slieridan into tin* li^lit, 
1V..III ^Vi^«•lu•^tt•r twenty nulcs away." 

riu- haltli- of (Vdar Creek ended infantry eani|iaign- 
in^ in the valley, but the eavalry were v«ry active. There 
i- a niaiviliMiK faseination in the life of the cavalryman. 

The won«lrous activitv, the ccascles> daring', the e(»n- 
^:ant dan;;.'r. the jurpctual atlvciitnrc, the well known 
e tni|Kinion>hi|) of man an«l horx*, the exhilarating e\)>eri- 
ence of ojnii air life, — all eonibined to ^ive the cavalry- 
man'.- life a keener zest in the administration of an army. 
The "tented fichi" soon hecame a myth to the hcd<lier on 
h<»r.s«liack. N\ e mi^ht or mijjht not earry the useful "ihjg 
tent," liiit all he wanted was easily carried on his horse. 
The eidl to "hoot and siddle" found them always ready, 
and the clear resonant notes of the "charge" ti;;htened 
i'Verv rein, steeled everv nerve, and made (-very man and 
horse part nf a terriide machine of war. and yet an in- 
dividiialitv that was full of character and freedom. 

Whatever des|Mmdencv had ever heen felt l>y other 
norti'tii^ of the army, there never was a day till the war 
ended wlien Sheri«lan's cavalry did n<jl ^o forth cln-erfully, 
even Kailv, to its appointed tasks. The hooni <d" the 
iMioinv's a.tillery, the stirrin;j notes nf the lui;;le's "to 
horse," w.'re snilicient in themselves to hrim; forth cheers 
lr»m the nndis. This douhtless, was due to the nnllinch- 
in;r <■ ttira^ •, the wat«'hful care, and tin? cheerful alacrity, 
whieli eharact4«ri/d the movements of (Jeneral Sheridan, 
lie was the prince (d' <'oinmandcrs, an<l won hi* way at 
once It the hearts of his troitpcrs. 

S'oMtin;; wa- kept up for a month. sev«nd minoi- en- 
;i i^eni'Mits oceiirrin;; with a p'»rti<»n of Mnehy's force and 
Lona\'* civalry. This latter oHie«-r made a ri'c<mnais- 
a.r- • to>vard I'Vout K lyel ahoiit O-toher Jtlth. hut (ol.incl 
' • i;!i the 'Jnd N'iruinia a?nl d 'tae!i'nent> of the 1-t 



liATTLE OV CEDAR CRKKK. I Si 



ami .'>rcl chasccl Jjomax to Milvvood, capturing a lew 
prisoners. 

On tlie day of tlic presidential i-leelion, in l>i(14, the 
rej^imeut left camp near Front Royal for Martinshiir;;. 
The term of service of the three years men, who had n<it 
re-enlisted, having ex[)ired, they were to be imi.stered 
out. While enroute the command halted near Winchester, 
the poles were opened, and the voters again exercised ilic 
right of suffrage. A special act of cor.gress provided 
for this manner of iiolding elections. Judges were a])- 
pointed and the returns were sent to the res])ective coun- 
ties where the voters resided. After the election the regi- 
ment proceeded to Martinsburg, and establi.-hed cam|) 
southeast of the place. As soon thereafter as practieaijle, 
two iiundred and forty officers and men left for Wheeling, 
West Virginia; where, about the first of December, 18<j4, 
they -svere regularly mustered out of the service. While 
in camp at this place, a new company, numbering sixty-two 
men from Jackson county, Ohio, joined the regiment, and 
were assigned to duty as Co. ^I. This letter M was only 
used a few days until the reorganization. Captain Cilmore's 
company served with the regiment as Company L from 
July 18G3 to August 1SG4, when they were mustered out; 
only eleven men of the company re-enlisting. The total 
enlistments in the regiment duringthe war were as follows: 
l<S61j or the original enlistments, 8G2 men; 18G2, 70 men; 
1803, 118; 1864, 171 men, including the new company. 
This makes a total of 1221 men. At the time of reorganiz- 
ation the losses by deaths, discharges and desertions 
amounted to about 600 men, leaving an effective force in 
the regiment of near oOO. The command was now consoli- 
dated into seven companies as follows: Company A, Capt. 
Alberto Campbell; Company B, was composed of B and 1 
with Captain Will S, Merrill; Company C was composed 
of C and II, with Ca])tain E. E. Wilson; Company 1), Cap- 
tain John McXally; Company E, Captain Joseph Ankrom; 
was composed of Companies G and K; Company F, Caj)- 
tain, Henry F. Swentzel; Company C, Captain. Jasper A. 



182 II A TTLE OF CED A R t R K K K . 

Smith, xms roniposed of the new Comnany M. Otlier 
trun^firs liud ln«n nuulf, but tlu* nlttivt- constitutes i\w 
|irini'i|uil thau^r-. Tlu- fit-M anil Ktafl' were as follows: 
Junto AlKii. Linitennnt (Vdmul, whoso ably conimaniltul 
liif rt'ginu'nt until tlu- final nui^trr out; 1-Mwin S. Morgan, 
Majur; AiljntanI, Abijnli li. rarnnr. Tlie lieutenants of 
till* con)|kani(h uiuKr tlii- new (hal \v« re: C'onijiany A, 
Klihu I>. Hobinson ami Knierson Me.Millin; Conipany H, 
Ktlwin A. HoKHtT an«l Martin Kramer; Com|Miny C, 
Abijah H. Farmer (aetin^; A»ljut:int) ami (Jeorjro Freeman; 
Cuni]tany 1), Sanuu I M«\'ey ami W. S. McClanalian; 
('oni|»nny K, .lames \\'. Ilieks ami .lohn M. Corns; (V>m- 
|»:iny F, ('li:irles ( '. Clise an<l Kli»lia T. I'islur; ('ompany 
ii. Milt. Ml MeMillin ami \Vm. .1. Kirkemlall. 

About tliis tiiiM' (uiural l*o\v« II left the service. Ilis 
military eareer bad been :i mo>t creditable one, bavinj; 
M-rved in all tbe ^'iade>< from e:i)ttain lo piH'ral; as captain 
of ('«»iiipanv li, from the Sib of Novt niber 1<S()1 , to Au- 
jjusl lUtli, I8f)'j; as m:ijor until December 'jtli, 18()2; as 
lieutenant colonel until May IKtIi, 1S(!.".: as cobmel :iiid 
briptde and division commander until October l*Kli, 
IHGl; as brijjatlier general until the forepoinj; muster 
out. (urienil I'owell is now living at I'ellevilli', Ill- 
inois, Since the war be bas written a number of valuable 
war articles, and in no inst:mce bas be ever forjiotten to 
honorably mention hi* own re;;inunt. 

While under bis e:ire tbe njrinienl li:id attained a pro- 
fieieney :in<l eHi-ctivene-"- tlcit was se<-ond to none. Amoii;; 
the records of \Ve~t X'ir^inia t rnopv ;n,|), ;i|-> tbe followinj;: 
— "'No rej^inieiit in tbe si-rvice fVom any state bas per- 
formed nmre ardtiou.H duly tb:iii the Second Regiment of 
Went Vir^jinia Cavalry, and none b:ive better dcserve<l tbe 
eonlplinlent^ and pnii>e it b !■« receive«l." 

All tbi'' mn-t luive been exee«-«lin;;ly jinilifyin;; to ibe 
general, whohadhd the lommand in ils mo.vi trying times; 
nnd it was iuteuMcly ^ratifyin^ to tbe tank and file of tbe 
n-i;iment, uho, mioh af^-r, while ^ervin•r under licit prince 
uf cflvalry baihr-, (iineial i'bilip II. Sheiidan, saw that 



IJATTJ.E OF CKJJAU CllHKK. !83 



their old colonel had been justly honored with the st-ar of 
a In-igadier general, thus proving the possihilities of the 
American citizen soldier. 

After the completion of the re-organization the regi- 
ment repaired to a position a few mile? north-east of Win- 
chester, and with the brigade established winter (piarters 
in what was known as Camp Aveiell. Very c tinf )rtal)h' 
log houses were built and covered with the ever useful 
"dog tent." The bodies of stables were also built but 
were not covered, owing, probably, to tiic lack of the 
proper material. The portion of the winter spent liL're was 
very pleasant to the troopers. Tiie ground was cin-ered 
with a deep snow which was more preferable than the ni id 
we had been used to in the Kanawha Valley. Tiu' ( a n|) 
was established in an open wood, so that fuel was easily 
obtained. A soldier is naturally an inventive genius, but 
this is owing to the fact of so many persons being togellu'r, 
and the necessities likely to arise cause their minds to de- 
vise various ways to help themselves out of seeming diili- 
culties. To exemplify this : While in quarters here a set 
of harness was improvised as follows: A half blanket 
was passed over the back of a horse, another piece around 
his breast, held in place by the ''back piece," made a very 
good substitute for a collar; and to this ropes were tied for 
tugs. With this arrangement a horse could pull a very 
good load of wood. Sometimes this^would be placed on a 
horse that had never been learned to work, but this was 
only fun for the boys. Another thing that perhaps may 
not be generally known was the soldier's way of clearing a 
chicken of its feathers when they have no boiling water at 
hand: Wring the fowl's head olF over a stream of water, 
letting it drop into the water, and what feathers it does 
not kick off can be easily removed. In this connection I 
will describe what constituted a "ration." A ration is the 
established daily allowance of food for one person. For 
the U. S. army it w^as composed as follows: Twelve 
ounces of pork or bacon, or one pound and four ounces of 
salt or fresh beef; one pound and six ounces of soft bread 



1 "» I i' \T\ II .1 . 1.1'Aii V i.i.l.iv. 



or Htiur, or oik* |K>iintl of hard Itnntl, ur uiu* |miuiu1 and 
four oiiiHH's «»f meal ; ami to tvtry one ImndrtHl rations, 
lifti«n |Miiind- of lHi!n> or jnas, ami Itn |Kjunds of ritv i»r 
hoiuiuy ; li'ii jtounds »i( grn-n c«>flii', or ciglit pounds of 
(ttl or roa>tt'd and ground tofliH', or one |>(Muu' and 
.: it oinuo of tra ; fifirm |tound» of supir ; four tjiiart> 
uf vinegar; oni> |>ound and four ouni'i'8 of adaniantini', or 
««tnr nindU- ; four pounds ol soap; tliree poiimls and 
Iwtjvr ounci-of sdt ; four ountTs (»f |K'ppi'r ; thirty {>ounds 
«»f |H»tatof.s whfu pnictirahlf. and on** <juart of mtdasses. 
IVvsii-jiird ronipri'»c'd potatoes, oT dessieat«'d eonij»ressed 
niixi'«l ve^jetahles, at the rate of one ounce and a halt of the 
iornier and one ouuee of the latter to the ration, may Ik* 
.xultotitutetl for beans, peas, rice, hominy or fresh potatoes. 
The fornijo ratitin was fourteen pi>und> of hay and twelve 
]Miund> «»f eorn, oats or harley. A full rati«ui was more 
than an onlinary man could rat. TlKri- wa>i)ut one known 
ex<'eption to thi> rule in the rc;,'imcnt, and that person is 
still livin;;. If he should icntl this >-i'ntcnce it is hoped ho 
will rei'o;;ni/.e himself While iii caiiiji here the good pco- 
j)h- of New York City scut a large eon>ignment of turkevs 
and chieken^ to (ieneial Shi-ridan's army, as a gift for a 
thanksgiving dinner. Although our >tyle of cooking 
thcM* delieaci«'s was n<»t such as might have heen done at 
our homes, yet the camp kettles an<l mess pans enahletl us 
to c<Mjk the fowls in such a niaiimr a< to atlord an enjoya- 
ble meal, and I am sure it ta-trd Itcttcr and sweeter bi cause 
they Were the gifts of (uir loving frientls of the north. It 
i" hardly pr<i|Mr to call the above article delicacy, for the 
ta»te of the delicate flesh of tlw bariiN :irtl fowls were not 
entirely unknown to the average ciivalryman, for on many 
of the little s<-outs of the horxnuii, wliih- in the valley, 
the hlirill notes of the elinntielei r or tin- warning voice of 
the mother hen have been sudden'y laished, and on return- 
ing to camp the me»s-|Hins and camp-kelih >- were again 
••alle«| into -iM-r'al -M-rvice. I)uring the nionih of hicein- 
Int, while in Canip Averell, the tnio|M'r}< diil not remain 
idlf, I ut ■ T M-fMntly .in the tu'ivc, pit kding and ^c«iut- 



BATTLE OF CEDAIl CREEK. 185 

ing. INIiich of the latter was jx-rfornu'd durini,^ tlic night 
time. Some of these little forays often bordered on 
the romantie and the tragie. The surroundings and 
couditions cff these night marehes will never fade from the 
memory of the living participants. The pale moon, east- 
ing its bright silvery rays over the surrounding mountains 
and valleys, sparkling and shimmering on the sn{)w cov- 
ered earth; the erisj), frost-laden air; the silent troo])ers 
with ])oised carbines or ])istols; the steady jiugh^ of the 
srbres; the grinding sound of the horses feet in the frozen 
snow; the farm houses, standing like sentinels, dark and 
silent, all combined to impress upon us a feeling of awe. 

These surroundings would hardly indicate that the 
little band pursuing these lonely marches was on oilier 
missions than those of love and mercy. And yet, while 
these thoughts are in the troopers minds, the snow, now so 
white and beautiful, may soon be crimsoned with (he lilc- 
blood of some boy in blue. In that country, every tree 
might conceal an enemy, and even the innocent children 
were taught to hate us. This winter in the Shenandoah 
Valley was a delightful one to us, and all enjoyed the best 
of health and sj)irits. The entire command was place<l in 
the best possible condition, the horses were improving so 
that they would be able to enduie the hardships of a severe 
campaign. 

About the ISth of l)('ceml)er (Jeneral Toi-bert with 
5,000 cavalry, including our own brigade, started on an 
expedition through Upshur, Culpepper and Madison coun- 
ties to the Rapidan river. The object of the expedition 
was never quite clear to us. On this iiuirch the regiment 
experienced some thrilling times, but no engagement of 
consequence took place. Major Farribee, of the First 
Virginia, with a poi'tion of the bi'igade, destroyed a bridge 
over the Ilapidan river. The country through Culpepper 
and Madi>'on counties consists of high table-lands, The 
turn])ike, which at the time was covered with a 
deep snow; under the tramp of the union horsemen, soon 
became a sheet of ice, and fortunate indeed were those who 



iHli llAXri.E OF CKI»AR CRKEK. 



wt>rt* riding tt)iar{< >, for they had no ditticulty 

in kei*pin^ in thi* ^nlooth ruudway. The others had to 
s*fk ihr tiehU nnd \vo4Klh wliere ihey were not in tlanger of 
life an«i liinh, fr«>iu their horr^-s slippin^^ anil falling on 
iheni. A |Mirtion of ttie regiment had eaptiired (juite a 
nunilHT of iKtrf eiitth", and these trere heinj; driven ahtn^. 
Oneni^ht lh«y M-eunn^^ly hjcanie tiretl of >tandiiijr in tin- 
odd and onow without anything; to eat; near niidni^dtt 
whih' the tirtnl tn>o|K'rs were nk^'pin}; on the hare ground 
iinti wilhiiiit tent-, th<- entire drove td <-atth- stainpeth-d 
through the i-xinip. TIm" guards comnieneed yellin^% wlioal 
whoa! Thin warning and sif^tiifimnt sound speeilily 
anuiMil the hh'e|)in^ wddiers, who, in.'»tinclively Hon}^lit 
n-fnp" fnnn the pjinie-strieken i-atth- hy ^ettinj; heliind 
tre<'H, wn^ons, or anything that atlorded proteeti«»n. A 
^now had faUen thirin*; the ni^lit, eoverin^x the .sh'cpin;; 
men, antl whc-n they wi-re so riuhdy awaki-ncjl, the eover- 
injj «d Hiiow wa> shaki-n into tljiir lu'd>. After the eattk' 
had tr:un|K'»l over >on>e of them, they were in a sorry 
plij;ht. lint there wa-^ h»dicron>' inei»Ki)t> cnoMjih <;t)n- 
ne<*tetl with the s<'are, to keep all in a ^ood humor. Dnr- 
injj the rest of the nij;ht sonje one was eontiiiually sIkmiI- 
in^. Whoal W'hoal Tin' return march was made hy way 
of Warrenton; and ahout Dceemhir 2(>th all were a;rain in 
winter ipnirters. IMeketinj; had heeoiue cpiite haziird- 
onr« in the vieinity of Camp Averell. Moshy's command 
wa<« well neqnainted in the nei^hhorhood and thorou;:hly 
nmh-r^tood the tojM»j:raphy of the country. They would 
dreKH in tlie nniforni of the Tnion s(d<lier,'and often, under 
the pret4'nee td" j:ivin^ till' <ount«'rsi;rn. murder the .-cnti- 
nid. Such precantion> were somi adopted a< to put a stop 
to thin dinhonoruhle warfare. 

S»n»e time in .Innuary, isiiO, the Itri^^ade olljeers pive 
what wu- ealleii the "oflieers hall." To ohtain the ladies 
ncTfjwiiirv for the oecar-ion, invitations were sent to all thr 
1 • - living within a nidin.H of three miles of (amp Av- 
• 1, to attend the party. A cavalry ^nard and andm- 
luncoit yrort^* tu bo Hcnt uronnd in the evening to briu<; iu 



R A TT I. E 1' ( ' K L) A R (II I : I-: IC. 187 

all wlio -would attend. The invitations were aoeonipanied 
with the assurance of protection, and a safe return under 
escort after the close of the festivities. This -was all car- 
ried out, and on the evening of the party, a picket of the 
regiment northeast of Winchester admitted a small de- 
tachment of cavalry, having in charge an ambulance load 
of young ladies, enroute to the ball. The outer jjicket 
above mentioned consisted of two men, or rather bovs. 
During the night these boys talked of the ball and thought 
what fun it would be if the aml)ulance was to return by 
that road, and the escort would not have the countersign. 
Each gave the other a significant look, but no more was 
said on the subject at the time. One of the sentinels was 
so amused at something that was running through his 
mind that he dismounted and ran around through the 
snow. The other ])icket seemed to divine his friend's 
thoughts, and he became suffused with laughter. 

About three o'clock in the morning the sentinels 
heard wheels grinding in the frozen snow, and soon the 
ambidance came in sight, under escort of four men of the 
First Virginia Cavalry. At the })roper distance the party 
was halted. In answer to the challenge of ''Who conies 
there?" they gave the proper answer: "Friends." "Advance 
one with the countersign !" Said the spokesman; 
"We neglected to get the countersign, but are only taking 
these ladies home from the party, and you know we are all 
right." The pickets again exchanged glances, when one 
nodded an assent to the other. Said he, "You can not pass 
this post without giving the countersign, and you will save 
time by sending back to camp and getting it." With that two 
of the escort returned to Winchester. The ladies accej)ted 
the situation very gracefully, one of them remarking "that 
the Yankees had captured them." During the hour and a 
quarter they remained there, they talked and laughed 
about the ball, and seemed to enjoy the novelty of this last 
episode, as nuudi as any of the events of the gay night 
they had spent within our lines. The balance of the win- 
ter spent in Camp Averell was uneventful. 



( IIAITKI: X\ II 



I'ltKl'AltlNii r«ii: riii: i inai. >ri;tiKi:. 



In voliiiiic two of (inml'' M«iintir> In- -n\ - : "()i» 
till' Hill ill l*VI»niary 1 nnlrrrd Slu'ritl:iii. \\lnt \\:i» in ilu* 
vallfV «»f \*ir;rii>i:i. to |mi-Ii forwnnl :is -iMm as tin- wcatlitT 
>\oiil«| |N-riiilt an«l strike llu- canal west nt Kicliinoii*! at or 
al>oiil Lvii<'liliiir;j : and on tiic -dtli I nia<lf tlic order to 
p» to I^vnrliliiiri^ a> <oon a-^ the roa<U wonM jicrnut, saving;: 
A.H wMiii a** it i> jMt>.-ild«' to tr.ivc I, I think you will havo 
no diflionlly alMMit rrarhln;!: Lyncldiurj; willi a cavalry 
for«T al«MU'. From tilt re you could <Ustroy the railroad 
nod caiKiI in i-vcry tlircction, so us to ho of no I'urthcr n>»' 
to tin* rdndlion. * * * * J \v<»ijld tulvisc yon to 
overronu* ||[n'al ohstaclcs to ncconiplish this." Sheridan's 
historian sjiys : "Winter quarters in the valhy had heen, 
on the whole, of an attra<'tive <'haracter l()r our <'av- 
nlry. The six wt*«'ks of neede<| rest preecdini: this, 
the la-t o( Sheridan's extendeil raids, liad hein 
H(M'nt in the j-risp, cold wint«r days of that delijrht- 
fnl region. \*eteran troupers still speak <•(" their last 
winter in that field wiih pha*^nraltle associations. 
Men antl liorM-s were alike in jj^ood condition, hoth well fe«|, 
and the men well clotlied, and prepan d for a severe cani- 
II. The fine t'lear J'ohl of a \'irj;inia niiil-winter van- 
I JM-fore tin- l»n;;ler*s "liout.x and sa«hlle>." and it was a 
t len.M and chilly niotnin^r, with a cold and ini//.lin^ 
rnin, lluit greeted the eolnnin when Sheridan ninvetl mit of 
\Vin«dn*Mfcr on the 'JTlh of l*\liriiarv, isd.'i." 

From nieiiioninda kept at the lime, and for this pur- 



PREPARING FOR THE FIXAL STROKE. 180 



pose, I sii!)niit this account of the final striij^gle, to the 
"round up'" at A])p()mattox, and thence to the muster out. 
About tliis time the brigade, consisting of the First, Second, 
and Third West Virginia Cavalry, under coniniand of Col- 
onel PTenry Capehart, was attached to the division of Gen- 
eral Custer. We were ever after known as the Third Brig- 
ade Third Division Cavalry Corps. Sheridan's niarchiuf 
force consisted of the First Division under coiuiuand of 
'Tommy" Deven, the Third Division under (jcneral, 
Custer. (rMieral Wesley Merritt accomj)anied the expedi- 
tion as chief of staff. The f)r('e c )nsisted tyf about .S,0:)r) 
men, and, taking this mounteil camaiaml in all its apj) )int- 
ments, it was ])r()bubly the tinest and most eflieienl cavalrv 
f >rce th? world had ever seen. All wore in excllent s[)iiMis 
and eager to be led against the enemy, and, with the con- 
fidence and enthusiasm inspired by our commanders, felt 
that we could whip or ride through any force that 
would dare oppose our progress. The troops had been 
expecting marching orders for several days, and when, on 
the evening of the 2nth, orders were issued to be ready to 
break camp on the morrow, all became bustle and liiirrv. 
Letters were written to home and to fi lends, arms and am- 
munition looke<l after, and long before bed-time all were 
ready. Reveille sounded at four oVdoek on the 'JTth and 
by daylight the column was in nu)tion, ])assing through 
A\'in(!hester and U]) the valley pike. After numv unavoid- 
ai)le delays, usual in getting so largMi column in motion 
on one road, it was ten o'clock when camj) was ])itched 
two miles north of Woodstock, and as it had rained m )st 
of th;Mlay, considerable difii(ndty was experienced in get- 
ting fires to burn. The mode of going into (.'amp on a 
march was about as follows: After a brigade had been as- 
signed to its place, the regiments were given their places, 
then if the nature of the ground would permit, they were 
thrown into columns of squadrons open order. The latter 
would then prepare to camp by numbers one and three ad- 
vancing a few paces. This would give plenty of rooiu for 
the horses, and in this manner stakes wore driven in the 



PRF.rAHINO FOR THE ri>"Al. STHUKK. 



gnjuiul, am! llif auimaU tittl t4> them. Usually tin- im ii 
ftiriiiiil iluMiiMrlvcM into nu-(iM*K oJ two. hjuh inaii carrutl 
a "ilo;» ifiit," a |K»nclio or j;um liiaiikit, ami uii army 
hlaiikcl. Ill ailtlillon to this, the two betwwn them, 
t-arrii'*! a Hmell ax with »*!i'»rt hamlU', a -heet iron fryin^- 
iwii, aiul a <niart rofl«H'-iM»t. Kuch man cairii*! his own 
ratiMii". ami the prmleiit ones always nuried a ImiucIj <»I 
nmtoheH, wirefully tieil iiji in a )»ieee ofj^iim material, ami 
iH"4*iire«! ahoul the hovly wiiore they wjuKl be siifi- frmi 
iliniji. A- " • »n a* til' orJiT to ili^ai >uiit wa< givi-a liv 
thet*om]Kiny eorumamlers, the men were virtually (rvv. As 
Mion an •li'.m Minte I on.' of th'-' tw » m mi wlio w.-re m.'s<- 
inatoH woiihliaki* the two horses in ehar;;;', and as soon as 
ii.»!iHihli' Heeure them to stak •-. Tlu' oilier would divt-st 
liiiU'.elf of «M;-I»in.' an I M'»re, an I st;irl o:i the run for a 
K»atl tif the dryest rail." that mij;ht he mar. If it wa.- |m)-- 
i«ihle to Keeure hay or stniw, ilii> wa> attended to 
fir»l. IIowev^T, the load of fuel was thrown «lown 
in. front of tin- horses, and while the Hrst one 
hinld"* tlie fir.', t'le other, with eanteens and ei)IK'e-(»ot, 
would go in Heareh of wati-r. W'liiNt otu' wasgcttint; sup- 
iiiT, nnmher tw > put np the "doir-tent" and fed the horses. 
Ther.' are many thin^-; that t-onld he thrown into the little 
tent ft»r a lieil. Hay, straw, leaves, weeds, cedar-hriish, 
the Hoft siile «»f a h»;ird pulled from a fence or some build- 
in;;, <»r even raiU, have be -n u><ed in jireferenee to the wet 
ground. The tro >pL*r.s adapt theai-idve-< to eire.imslaaoe.s, 
and are e intetjt with th • b 'st that can be obtain 'd. The 
grumld'T-* are only laujjlieil at. It th • eivalry d > n >: j;et 
enough nleep in ciimj) on these nnrehes, they can enjoy 
•Mituf of that luxury, at lea«it, wliih- ridin;;. 

.\t four o'i'loek, on th ' m^rnin^ of tlie 'J'<t!i, (he 
bti^le-* nroiH'd the drow-*y Holdiers from their short ni«;ht*s 
ri»«t, antl Ha:»n a^er tli • la-st notes of thi' rv-veille had 
fMtundfd, hundred-* of «-amp fires wen' bnrniii;:, ea^tinj; a 
lliekerin;; li;;ht thro'i;;h th'd.im]», mi-^ty m >rnin;;air. lie- 
f«tr<> <lay had fairly broken, the eobimn w.is a'^aiii in m •- 
tion, |Ki->**!ng through WouUrfluck, Ivbnbarg and .Moun 



PREPARING FOR THE FIXAT. STROKE. 191 

Jackson. Xaar thii latter plaoo the SlionaiKloah rivor was 
foiiiul to be so swollen with the recent rains, that fording 
it })roved quite dangerous. Tiie pontoon train came for- 
ward and soon one of tiiose "war bridges" wis being used 
by the troopers. Tlie coaunaiid nuircjliod very fast all dav, 
and at 7 o'clock went into camp nine miles north of Har- 
risonburg. Before nine o'clock all were in bed enjoying 
needed rest, save the tired sentinels whose duty it was to 
keep Avatch over the slumbering camp. At two o'clock a. 
m., March 1st, the third brigade was aroused by the bugle 
sounding reveille. The orders were to "prepare to march 
immediat(;ly without getting breakfast, or feeding the 
horses. All were soon in ranks and moving for the 
pike, passing through the camp of the liist 
division. Vic almost envied those slee])ing sol- 
diers, yet we felt quite "important" when the clanking of 
our sabres and the rattle of the camj) accessories caused 
some of them to look out from their beds and ask "\\'hat 
brigade was that?" A^ e were much amused at the actions 
of a darkey who stood near the column, and as we were* 
passing cried out: "Look out dar, (hju't ride ober de 
colouel." The fact soon becomes known to the men that 
Capehart's brigade was to push forward and drive llosser, 
who was reported to be between Harrisonburg and Staun- 
ton, out of the way. On the middle fork of the Shenan- 
doah river Rosscr was encountered prepared to resist the 
Union troopers crossing that stream. The covered biidgc 
had been filled with rails for the purpose of being burned. 
A portion of the brigade was dismounted, and engaged the 
Confederates at the bridge. Colonel Capehart then sent 
the First Virginia above to an apology for a ford, yet they 
succeeded in crossing, and dashing down on the "savior of 
the valley" (Rosser), putting him and his force to flight, 
caj)turing fifty prisoners. The bridge was soon made pas- 
sable, wlien a wild and exciting chase ensue<l between 
Capehart's brigade and Rosscr, the enemy not being per- 
mitted to bui'u a bridge betwecMi them and Staunton, nor 
to annov the advancing coluuni toanv extent. The brigade 



i.iv«-- v,-»i;tI!F F!V^' -!"!;"I\F 



wtMil into cam|i lour uuivs m»rili ul" .Siaiiiiluii, aiul soon 
wert* iKirtakin*; of linakfu't, iliiim-r iiiul su|»|Hr, all iti <»iu'. 
Tlif I'Xi'iUiiMiit «»1 llii'ilay winu'wlial nlii'Vul the iiionut- 
oiiy of till' man'h. At xiinrisf on tho swoml of Mart-li, 
(irnrral CiifitiT, with tlir rmuiiiuler of the <livisi(»n, passed 
the cTiin|», when the hripule took Ha p'aee in the eoUnun. 
hjirly in the morninj; il comnieneed raininjr, and at the 
- i!;i.- time the weather tnrntd ••oM. Soon the trees, 
1. ijii>, nn«i even the |M»nehes of th«' troo|»«rs were eov- 
erf«l with a e«M»tinj; of ice. The r«Knl> were in a miserahle 
eonditiit:;, and when we «|uietly entered the pretty little 
fitv of Slanntitn the jK-ople saw a niiul-l»e.-paltere«l and 
)M»rrv looking; lot «d* ridt-rs. At this place it was learned 
that (lenend Ivirly hail left there the day iufore with 2,'*(K) 
men for Wavne-^horo, and that at the latti-r plaei* he wonM 
li;:ht. It was only ei;:ht miles to Karly's position. He 
had lM»a>te»l that Sln-ridan would not jjet thron^ih Kock- 
finh (tap. 

Cnster was jjiven tin* task of di.'|>n>in;x <d" l^ariy, and 
in the afternoon tin- atlvanee drove in the ( 'oiifederate 
piek«-l-. As the third hri^rade formed into line on th(> left 
of the roa<l, the ('(»nfe«hrale artillery, which was posted on 
a risinp pieee of ^ronnd near the railroad, j^reeteil us with 
^hot and shell. TtM" r«'l>( 1 wtuks extended sfuue distan«e 
to onr ri^ht. The tirst hriiradc "f Mi<liii:auders tlis- 
monnted and formed as infantry. 

They at once ehar;;ed the relnl rij;lit, ;^ainiiij:; the 
\\ork> in fine style. The dismounted men swept on, douh- 
lin;: np the inemy's line in I'islur's Mill styh . At this 
juncture our own hri^ade <-har;x('d niouultd :iud mt <i|} 
ovrr half of I-'^irly's foree, whit'hwas jorecd to surrender. 
Many of tlieiMiemy ti»ok refu;.xe in luuiscs autl other huild- 
iiijfM, an it was still rainin;; very hard. They averrtd 
that they eonld not ti^ht iu the rain. (i(iural 
I'larly ewa|Mil on a train <•! rars that was 
eonvcnitMilly near. All hi^ h(>adipiarter e(pii|imenls 
fell into our hands. The <aptures eimsistid of 17(K> pris- 
• ■■• •- ' - '■ * •• I';- ■ • . • •••'•11 f • " 1^ ||. ir thrcau- 




GENERAL GEO. A. CUSTER. 



From a war sketcb. 



PREPARING FOR THE FINAL STROKE. 197 

noil \v;i,s captured that hore the ins('ri])tion, "to General 
Phillip H. Sheri(hui, in care of (General Early." Seven- 
teen battle flags also fell into onr hands. The Second Vir- 
ginia now took the advanc- of the brigade, and crossed the 
mountain, capturing a train of two hundred loaded 
wagons. Early was engaged in gathering supplies for 
Lee's army. The region east of this place had been free 
from our raiding parties, and, being rich in produce, the 
army of northern Virginia had been getting their main 
supplies from this section. It was estimated that there was 
nearly a million dollars worth ot stores at and near this 
j)lace destroyed by our forces. This defeat finished (Jen- 
eral Early as a military coinniauder, and we heard of him 
no more during the war. This was also the last seen of 
Ilosser and his cavalry, "the savior of tiic vallev." A few 
years after the war (ieneral JOarly was in Charleston, West 
Virginia. In the evening he was the centi'al ligure in a 
group of ex-confederate olficersand citizens who had called 
to meet their old soldier friend. (We must admit that the 
military career of (Jreneral Early had been a creditable 
one.) The conversation as was natural turned to the war. 
General Early gave his experiences in the valley, and 
among other things said: "The Richmond authorities 
wanted to know if I could not do something with Sheridan's 
cavalry. I told them that I did not have enough mounted 
men to attack the Yankee cavalry, and if they could spare 
any horsemen to send them along. Soon after this I re- 
ceived a dispatch from Richmond that the celebrated 
"Ijaurel Brigade" had been sent me. This was General 
Rosser and his command. In due tinu^ they arrived and 
rci>orted to me. My men were down-spirited and dis- 
heartened with their reverses, and they turned out to view 
this new command. It was a fine body of cavaliy, well 
equipped, well mounted and well dress?d. Each man car- 
ried a sprig of laurel on the lapel of his coat. My boys 
would purposely ask 'What cavalry is that?' The 
reply would be: 'This is the Ivaurel J>rigade.' 'Can 
vou whip the Yankee cavalry?' 'We always have 



r»> ritKrAIM.VU F«)K TlIK FINAL STROKE. 



»|iin' *i, an«l ran tlo it apiin.* I tluii i^ive GoiuTiiI 
II i-.~r all mv avaihililc favalry, aiul onKn*! Iiim to j^o 
i»:i (I iwii till* ruud, aiui Ik* no tlmibt wotiid (iiitl C'u»ter, hii^ 
mI«I rlttMiiute at \Vf»*t Point. Tlu- n'Milt of that figlit it> 
Mfi'JI Icniiwn. llo-MT \va"» tlu* iiuiHt ii-hiJ np man I ever 
«aw, aiiti when tlu* iainoun 'Ixinn.*! lirij^ulf' (*anK- back all 
lorn to fra;;nu'nt«*, tlieir artillery jjone, and all hadlv cU- 
niorMlix-*!, my hoys fairly went wiM, at their api»earance.'* 
Atnl ilie oltj •r.'neral lanjjhed heartily. Jn-t then a jren- 
ll*Mian who hati not ln-anlall the aeeotmt s:ti«l, 'Svhv (ien- 
eral, <li(l liosHcr jjet whippejl".'" Tin- j;eneral e.\eite«llv 
ffjilie'l, "\v'ii|»|»?«l, ves, heg.it h — II wliippcd t»ut of hini." 

Tlie."^ -eiMnI \'a. eontinne lion to (Jreenwood station nine 

f. 

«nle»» fr«»ni Waynesboro. The station house fiij.-d with 
reb'l baeon and Hour wjh luirned. after which the reiri- 
ni lit r. tiiiii d fonr miles to the brigade camp. 

^ i!i ainnsing incident ocenrred before (Ircea- 

%* • h| ••taii'Mi was reached. .\ small force of the regiment 
wliieji was in the a«lvaiw»', came to where tlu' road forked, 
anil at tiiin point a tine brick lionse ocenpied a site to the 
left of thi' Charlottesville road. A wagon loaded with 
•<t<-k'* of wlp'tit was standing by the mad. near which a 
c«ii/. Ml un lH»rs«-baek had Ik-ch captnrcd. He was at onet? 
pliid with ipiestions as to wh«rc the roa»l> ictl amlwliicji 
••ne led ((I Charlottesville, and so on. Several of the men 
had jnmpMl from their horses and commenced cmplving 
tlu* wheat, Hfi OM to Hoenre the nice, clean sacks. I'lmotiicd 
n rod«* ofl* d<iwri the road and had gon«' ipiite a 
'aiiee belon* some one called upon him to halt. He 
then |»nt spiiTM to his hor.H4>, when tw<i or thn-c shots wen* 
fir 'd over his head. When the crack (d'tlie first carbine 
>• • ind d. f Mir or five hulies at the house rnshed out on the 
v ramla, and wringing their liamis, cried, "Th;y will kill 
.Mr. John-on." One of the troo|HT^ rodrii|i to the inan-ion 
and n^wiinMl flu- M-ir.-imini; bcantiix thai Mi-. .li|iii-.on wa - 

th" nioniiii^ "d'ihe .'Ird the march was resnmrd ,,n 
t < ij !-lrttt(Htvil|o road, the mnd impeding the march si> 



PREPARIX(; FUR THE FINAL STROKE. 199 



that our progress was .-.low. The coininati;! marehed in 
cohininsof fours, the horses making great ridges ut" nuid 
between the files, and nunil)er one and four forming a 
ridge on each side of tlie road. At three o'clock p. m. we 
entered the pretty little city of Cliarlottesville. A deputa- 
tion of citizens meeting us in*idvance of our entrance and 
surrendering the pl.ur. .AEonticello, the old home of 
Thomas Jefferson, and the University of Virginia, founded 
by Mr. Jeflersou, are at this place. These places were 
visited by hundreds of the command during our stav. 
General Sheridan in his memoirs says that it took two davs 
to get his trains from Staunton to this place owing to the 
mud, and then the animals were so jaded they had to 
be rested. During the fourth of March the brigade went 
out a few miles and again destroyed the railroad. Some of 
the men gathered togetl.er a nundjcr of negroes and put 
them to work. When there wa< a straight piece of track, 
enough men would arrange themselves on one side and 
turn over a half mile at a time. Cross ties and fence rails 
were then placed on the ii'on, fire apjilied, which soon ren- 
dered the rails worthless. Again on the fifth ten miles of 
road in the direction of Gordonsville was effectually de- 
stroyed, l^he command was now subsisting off the coun- 
try, carrying only rations ()f coffee. An abundance of flour 
and bacon was found, more than enough to subsist a large 
army for some time. This raid did certainly cut off a 
large supply of food that had been going to Richmond. 
About this time the prices of provisions in Richniond wa.>-: 
flour, fifteen hundred dollars per barrel; tea, one hundred 
dollars per pound; coffee, fifty dollars; I aeon, eighteen 
dollars, and beef, fifteen dollars per jnund. Living tlieie 
at that time was not only exj>cnsive, but very uncertain. 

The same day j)riccs in Xew York City, for the same 
and other commodities, were: Flour, eight dollars and 
twenty-five cents per barrel; coffee, thirty-one cents; sugar 
thirteen cents, and eggs eighteen cents. 

The morning of March (Ith was clear and warm, aud 
oijce more the column was in motion, filing dowu through 



•JiHi ii;ri' vi:i\<; Koi: iiiK Fl \ A I. STROKE. 



llu- winfi!* ii|'Cliinl«>iUv<vilU- wiili l»ainU j>layinj; ami t'olors 
Hviiit;. Il iimn'hiil on tin- Lyiu'lilmr^ roatl, aiul coiitin- 
iHtl iIk" work o( jlc^troyin}? the railntail. Tlif i«>atl wa^ 
iiarrt»\v, nnijjh niul imuKly, ami wlu-n in the c-veninjif we 
u«-n! int»» raui|» near H«Mk Fi.-li Uiver, the jjoor hon^eH 
Wfiv «lun>».i iire»l out. The n^xt ilay the nuireh was eun- 
tinue«l to Uo>u.*lnn(i Station, ami in the evening the entire 
omunaml worknl on the railmatl for three hours. The 
nun wi-rr a«K-|>t>« at this kin«l <•! work, and they took hohl 
withont onler»«. It was ten o'tjoek on th*- Mh whi'H thi' 
lolunin was a^:iin in motion, takin;; the road to New 
Market on the Janiis Uivir. Tlie river was liank full, 
owin^ to ilio recent heavy rains. .Iu>t hdore j;t»ing into 
ra'M|) nrar New Mark<t,a viohut rain storm set in. and 
whih* the men wen- ha>tily jiuttin^ u|> their littU- tents, 
tliev wrri' orderetl on. IMiis change of eamp was nia<le 
ihni" times, when a nnnhly Hidd was assigned our hripuh-, 
and ill thi- unfavonil)h' eomlitiou tlie tmts wrre jMit up 
and an attnupt made to jjt-t supper. Kvcn the rails would 
not hum, ami the lan;;ua;;e iiulul^e*! in hv the troopers on 
thi" oi-ca-iou was not such as had hccn h-arnecl at Sutidav 
s4-hool. ThoM' who did not make use ot'thi< kind of talk, 
ex|»erieneed a ^ort of -eeret sati>ra<'t ioii in the rdiiifort the 
others M-eliiiMl to he enjoyinj;. (iettini; >Uj)per iiad tn lie 
aWamloneil. The rails that would not luini in water were 
plaeeil in the tents, and on tlie>-e the men went to lie«l — 
an;;rv. The poor hors«'s were tied to stakes in the mud 
an«l ex|Mi-ei| to the pitiless ^tnrin, without hav or a plaee 
to liv down. 

< )u the i»th the line ol maieh was near tlie swollen .lanu's 
lii\er. Kiirht mihs helow New Market the etdiiinu filed 
onto the low-palh which aiVorded inu<-h hetter niarehiu;^- 
While iMiHNiiijj^ down the river, -<|Uad-> of ( 'oiifederates were 
M'i«n on the oppo.-ite side watehin;; the eolumn, hut no fir- 
iM'^ was done, owin^ to the di>.tanee. TravehMl fast all 
day and in the cvcniufi; went into eatii|) mar S<>ott.sville, 
and, the •>iirrtHindinp;<« hein^j more plea-ant than those of 
•''■ •" 1 ' •" <■'" •" < •■'..v. -I 1 iniiht's rest : :iud, like 



PREPARING FOR THE FINAL STROKE. 201 



children, forgetting that any one had been ont of liiiiiior. 
General Sheridan .says that he intended crossing the James 
liiver atDuguidsvillc but the enemy had burned the bridge 
at that place, and, owing to the swollen condition of the 
river, his pontoons would not reach mucli over half wav 
across. He was therefore compelled to choose bi'iwecn re- 
turning to Winchester or to pass behind Lee's army to the 
White House, thence to the army of tlic Potomac. He 
chose the latter. On the 10th the column moved in tiie 
direction of llichmond. This was a typical March day, 
alternately raining, snowing and sunshine. At three 
o'clock we reached the city of C'ohiml)ia at the junciion of 
the Rivannah with the James liiver. An abundance of 
hay was obtained here. One old farmer remarked that if 
the boys did take all his hay they ought to have left him 
the fence. March 11th was a day of rest. Large foraging 
parties were sent out, and returned with plenty of edibles 
for both man and horse. The country around Cohnnbia 
was rich and healthy. While here our presence produced 
a panic in Kichmond. A Confederate officer said that the 
presence of the bold troopers so frightened the Richmond 
authorities that Secretary Mallory and Postmaster General 
Reagan were in the saddle, and he further says that Jcil 
Davis and the Cabinet were ready for flight. General 
IjCC came uj) from Petersburg to Richmond to confer with 
Davis in regard to tlie seeming danger. On tiie Pith the 
command was once more on the Richmond road, which 
was continued to a cross road called Fife's, where 
the column executed a "column left" and started on 
the trot for the Virginia Central railroad, which was 
struck at Tolersville near Frederickshall station. At the 
latter place a company of Confederate soldiers were enjoy- 
ing the luxury of snug winter quarters. They escaped but 
left fires burning, and most of their equipage, which 
showed that they left in haste. Some time before midnight 
the regiment was ordered out on picket. Two miles on 
theOordonsville road, camp was pitched in a wood, ntar 
whore more rebel quarters were found. The morning of the 



202 



i ii^.i-.\iii.s«i mil iiit^. ii.NAi. Mi:»»KK. 



I3lli rfvcalitl to ii.s that tlu* work oj (lotriictiuii was still 
iu j»r«»j;ri'.vH, Near tlie jiifkit |K»st two Imrrcls of grji|K' 
wiiu- liail Ihtii louiul at tin- Iuhim- dl a pliv.sician. This 
wa-"» ihilv fioizcil i\y <oMtnil>aii(l of war. and tlm doctor'sgood 
wife mh'IiiihI ti» t'lijov the rar^jeriuss wliitli the sohlicrs 
»li^|>layi*«| ill Mfiiring j*«»iiu' of this wine. She was even so 
kiiul a* to loan one of tliein a hiieket to <'arry some of it to 
••ani|i. Wht'o the ves-sel wa> returiud hlie seemed surnrised 
and ninarki'd, "that i?. more than 1 exjH'oted of a Yankee." 

At rre«lri<k>lKiIl Station a larp- aniotint «ii" jtrojK'rty 
wns destroywl, ineluding the dejwit, water tank, and a large 
warehoiiM' filled with t«»lia«eo. The burning of the latter 
M* inipregnateil the air with the fniiies of t<d)aeeo that 
many of the horses had t<» lu- moved. On the 14th the 
eommand m«»ve«l to I5eaver Dam Station along the line of 
the railroad. At this time tiuiv was near "J, ()(>(> negroes 
following the forej', who, as they expressed it — wanted to 
jonrney to that panidisc — the north. After our arrival 
within tin- I'liion lino they were all cveiituallv shipped to 
^^ a-hington. The enemy wire entirely «leeeive<l as to 
Sheridan'^ intentions, he being at .so many ilillbrent places, 
they eoiild not make |»roper disjiositions to meet him. 
Oil the loth th<' e«»minand again moved rapidly toward 
Uiehmond reaehing Hanover .Innetion. Tlif fir.-t divi-ion 
eneonntere«l the enemy mar tiu'Stmth .\nna river, Imt the 
union horsemen .-m-eeeded in destr(»viiig an imjiortant 
bridge thi-re. The mail) eoiniiiand mow coiintcrmarehed to 
the Kredriek-burg road, and at ioiir o'clock reachctl the 
north Anna rivcr. It un- nftir tiiirlit before all had 
croHMod. 

At ei^hl o'clock a hall was made, Mippi-r cooked and 
eaten, liors4-H fc<l, when the m.irch wa^ continued until 
rlc'von o'el<»ek. The night wa> V( ry dark, and fires were 
l»««ilt at fretpieiit intervals along the roa«l, whi<li served as 
Imwoii lights, and very materially a—i'ted the wag<»n train 
in keeping up with the eobimii. On the HWh the troop«rs 
Wert* out on the roa«l in cidnnm and in motion beloie 
ItreukfaMt. 



PREPARING FOR THE FINAL STROKE. -00 

At nine o'clock a halt was nuulc atMongohick cliunli, 
where the men cooked their meal of "slaj)-iacks," jmik 
and coffee. Those terrible sla{)-jaek>; even the luiinr 
is shrouded in mystery. The ingredients lor their 
''construction" were flour, salt and water. This was 
mixed in a tin cup or any other vessel at hand. A (juan- 
tity of grease was put into the frying [)ans, and into this 
the batter was poured until the bottom was well coverec'. 
This w^as then placed over the tire and baked. Sometimes 
when the fire was very hot, the pans being thin, the l)rcad 
would be burned on the outside and somewhat raw in the 
middle. Many of the men were quite expert at this bak- 
ing. The handles on the pans were from one to two feet 
in length, and the bread could be dextorously tossed into 
the air in such a manner that in descending the cake would 
turn over and be caught in the pan ready for the fire again. 
After the meal had been cooked the pan was placed on the 
fire and all the grease burned from it, after which it was 
rubbed with a piece of wood, or a bunch of hay or giass, 
until clean and ready for packing. This bread was not 
near so wholesome as thearmy cracker, yet they often tilled 
an "aching void" that but for their presence might have 
given us trouble. I believe there are some of the old "army 
crackers" still in existence. Some of those "slap-jacks" 
ought to have been preserved among the war relics, for 
aside from the recollections they would call forth, of sleep- 
less nights and horrid night-mares, they would be looked 
upon by the old veterans with tears of joy, as they gently 
reposed in all their simplicity and purity. On the 17th 
the march was over ground made historic by the Army of 
the Potomac. Silent evidences of the conflict were to be 
seen on every side, in the way of rude fortifications, trees 
torn by shot and shell, ruined farms, depopulated towns, 
and here and there graves of the dead whos(> rude lu ad- 
board told of him who slept beneath. 

At noon the head of the column reached the Matt:ipony 
River at Elliott's warehouse, and continued down that 
stream to King William C. H. The peculiar name of 



204 I'uei'AitiMi Koi: tiik kinai. stiuike. 



thi.H riviT Ktl s<»iiu* of tlic nun ti» inijuin- tla* (Mi«riii of tho 
uanu'. This was ijuitc >in»|)lf. '['hv Mat. tlu* T:i. tlu' l*o 
ami the Nv rivers unite, furminj; the Mattapuny. 

On tlie morning «>f tiie isth the sun wuh hhinin>; 
hri^htly when the eohinin was a^ain in motion. NN'onl 
had |>u.*v>4'tl ahtn^ thu eolunin that \\ hitc House wouUl 
be reaehetl ilurin^ the tlay, wlneh w«»uKI eiul the raid. 
Cheerful hearts ihanieteri/.«Hl the inareh that day, for tu) 
doul>t all Were liopini; to liear news of home and friends. 
There xa nothing in the life of thesoMltr that will so soften 
the heart antl ^rive joy to his lifeasthe n<eptiiin of a lettcT. 
Thf litth- silent me«.>enii:er is »a:;erly xrized, opcneil, and 
then the warrior is a hoy af;ain. W Inn a<<iliitnn is mardi- 
inj; in this matutrr, it is eustomary to ask any (»ue seen at 
the housf.s, how far it is to some jtlaci- they nuiy know or 
tiiipposo to he the destination. ( )ii this oeeasion a very 
pretty rchel niis> wa.s standing in the doorway of a farnt- 
lious*', watehin^ the column pass. No douht she hail heen 
Qsknl how far it was to White House a nund)er of times. 
As our part of the eolnmn was passing, the usual (pu'stion 
was asked hy senu* «»ne, "How far is it t«» White House'.'" 
'V\\v little miss had jirohaltly tind of this monotonous 
f|Uestion hy this time, so in sharp tones >hv replitd: "It i> 
thrr«' miles, ami I am not piin^ to tell anoilier man." The 
lau^h thi> niixd in thr rank> eauM-d tin- vuuiil' Ia<lv to 
hIuui the door and di.sippear within. 

At noon our eyes were ^re«'t(<l with the .stars ainl 
strijM's waving fnun the shipping; on the I'amunkey Hivcr 
ut White House I^iiulin;;. ( heer after ehecT nut tin air 
at the inspiriting ''i^''^- 

We Went into eamp on the north. side of the river and 
euniineneetl laying plank on tin- oM West Point niilrtiail 
britljje for tin- purpoM' ol ••ros.sinj,'. ( )ii thr I'.'th the en- 
tire eomnuind er.isM-d th<* river and went inio camp alouj; 
a line of Works tnetttl l»y (iemial .M«( h l!an in iMd'J. 
The river pre^M nte»l a pieturenpie seene. c.verejl with j;un- 
hoatn. ininsport-> and other shippin^', ail sent there to meet 
the e iiiiiiiand. SmMi i -iliutio uin! l\>i:i'- wiri- isstied and 



riiErAHlNG Foil TIIK TIXAL STTOKE. 2()." 



all were once more liappy. The only disapijointinent hi'- 
ing that our mail had not arriveil. Here is the siini total 
of the raid: 

General Badeau says, "Sheridan's loss <liuinn; the 
campaign did not exceed one Inindred soldiers, and many 
of these were the men unable to hear the fatigues of the 
march. Incessant rains, deep and impassable streams,.s\vam|)s 
mud and gloojn, were tiie imj)ediments ollered bv nature 
to his advance. Seventeen pieces of artillery and seventeen 
hundred prisoners of war wcm'c ca[)tured. Forty-six eaiuil 
locks, live aipieducts, forty canal and road bridges, twentv 
three railroad bridges, one foundry, one maehiiu' shop, 
twenty-seven warehouses, forty-one miles of railroad, four- 
teen mills, and immense quantities of ammunition, gray 
cloth, saddles, horses, grain, and other supplies \vere taken 
and destroyed. Sheridan's cavalry had annihalatcd what- 
ever was between Richmond and Lynchburg, and having 
comjileted its work in the Shenandoah valley, was rcadv to 
join the army of the Potomac in the struggle to come. It 
was this raid and its results that made; Grant decide on the 
final movements, ending in the surrender of T>ee. (Jencral 
Sheridan says in his iinal report. The first and third cav- 
alry divisions which belonged to the army of the Shenan- 
doah had marclied in midwinter over three luuidred miles, 
in constant rains, over almost im})assal)le roads, and 
swollen streams, to participate in the final camj)aign, aiul 
were rewarded by the honor of having the flag of the Army 
of Xorthern Virginia ])resentcd to them on the morning 
of the surrender. 

On the 20tli, from appearances, we ware to have a little 
rest, so the camp was made as comfortable as possible. 
W ojd and water had to be carried half a mile and both 
were poor articles. Everything was being pushed forward 
to enable the command to resume the olFeusive. ^len and 
horses were alike in good condition. Clothing was issued 
at once, and a]>o plentv of ammunition. The most for- 
midable task presented was the shoeing of the horses. 
Tortable shops were placed all over the camp, and, as every 



•2<MJ 



I'KKI'AIMMJ Kni: TlIK FINAL yTToKE, 



i-oMijMiiy hail MiK- itv morr l»l:uk>iijiili.s, tlu* iiurry rin^ of 
llM'un\il<^ wen- licani in ull tliri-i-tioiis. On tlu* 'J'iiid v\\r 
men |m»«cil ti very uiii*omfortal»lf tiny, tht* wiml Mowinj; 
Airiou>ly, tilling tin* air with siiul, Kvi-rylhiuj; was saml 
aiiil pine liiuhi'r. I iKliive that \\ hitr Ilniiso wa:^ tho uUl 
home of the C'liftti.H rainity, niul, when (ieurge \\'ashin(;t(>n 
t*ame hen* lo woo Mn*. Martha C'nxtis, he nnist have love»l 
lnT well, for there is nothin<; in the snrronmlinjrs that 
w'ouhl inspire his soul with tender thou^ht». ( )n the 'Jilh 
the bri<^ile of iniantrv whieh liad been at NN'hite lIou>e 
left for the Chiekahoniiny Kiver with our ]KMitoon train. 
'rhi> wa- pMul new.H i«i u>. as we were anxious to have 
this platv. At ni^ht no marching Mrilrr> had Keen le- 
tvivetl. 




S 



CHAPTER XV II I. 



OFF FOR pftfusiuim;. 



On the 25th reveilU' somuled nnusually early, and the 
first indication of marching wa.s "hoot and sachlk'." Tliis 
was greeted with cheers. In a short time all were in ranks, 
the Second Virginia taking the advance, on the Charles 
City C. IT. road in the direction of Petersburg. At the 
Chickahominy we found the infantry Nvith the })onto(tn 
across that narrow, deej) and treaclierous looking stream. 
Near what had once been Charles City C. H. we went into 
camp and threw out a strong picket on our right. (Jn 
the 2Gth the weather was bitter cold and windy, ren- 
dering marching very unpleasant. At noon the head of 
the column commenced crossing the James River at Deej) 
Bottom. A pontoon was used and the crossing was very 
slow. The bridge had to be opened to permit boats to pass 
up or down the river. I have the pleasure of saying to 
those of the boy?i who became annoyed while waiting on 
the pontoon for a boat to pass, that on board that vessel 
was the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, 
and that he was looking at the cavalry; and if the remarks 
he made respecting them had been heard, their cheeks 
would have burned with pride. 

During the march day fires were built along the 
road, and every time the column halted, the men would 
dismount and rush for a fire. At dark all are over the 
bridge and went into camp near Jones' Landing. On in- 
quiry it was learned that it was oidy eight miles to Rich- 
mond. 

On the 27th the command crossed the Appomattox 



•JtiS iiTK liii; |» ! ri:->l:l I,!., 



rivft, livf mill-?* brl«»\v i*i-ur>linrj(. Tlu' frossiiijj whs 
il»JHf p.i|rully, two |M)i)t(K>ti.s bein;; umhI. W'itliin a short 
time afti-r fro»iii^ tlif riv»T, wo nuflifil tlir ri^lit of tlu' 
liiifj* of tho army of tlie IVitoiimr. A slmttoil siiliitt* of oiu* 
huiulnil «»uiiH wu-s jjivi'n in honor of our rtrt'iit arhiivf- 
Mi(Mit>. Tluy turiu*<l out tnnuis.KC in nnr of their 
Works ami t;rtt't«'«l us with prohjuj^od rhurrs. Our lin*- of 
march hiy immr<Iiatfly in th«' nar of ( Ji'IutmI (irant'> liiu -. 
Thi»« pivi* u-a full virw of tlu-ir w<»rks, alxt a fair viiw of 
the Coiift'ihratf work-*. W hih- wx- wm- passinj;:, souir 
slu'lliu;; t«»ok phue Intwiiu the forces. Thi" works were 
I'lo.M-r than wecx|uete«l to see, aixl hoth looked i|uitc lor- 
mitlahlc. Went into camp near the old .\i>rf(dk railroad. 
On ihc If^th wi' remained in camp, hut were permittetl to 
view the lines in front of iNtershur;?. John Nunnemaker, 
of Co. D, was killed while thus lookinj; on. The place 
that nu)si intcre.stcii us wa-* Fort Steadman, where the 
eaeniy had l>iit recently mad' a sortie, ca|>turin;x that fori, 
but Were repul>etl and drivi-n hack to their lino. 

M.VUril 'lih'M. — TIIK l..\.ST IKillTINC < AMI'AKi.N. 

This morning th" head of tlic column filed out to the 
west in thv direction of itowanty Creek. The force con- 
(tirtU'l ill all of thirty-seveti rc;j;imL'ntsof cavalry and thre*- 
batteries of artilh-ry, in all ten thousind rmii. All dis- 
mounted lUL'n had been sent to City I'oint, \'a. Custir's 
divii^ion was in the r»'ar of olum*) inchai<i~' ot the supply 
trains. As »oon as the left of the army of the l*()tiunac 
was |Kiss;»d, the train-i h'c rn-.* hop 'Icssly stuck in the mud, 
bo;;s and (piicksind. The wa;;ons ha«l to be often un- 
luadcd atid lifted out of tlie ho;x^v pla.'es. We ha<l been 
onlered on a bi^ raid bydeneial (iraut,to ile>tr<»y the two 
ruilroadn that remained within the Ciudederate lino. 
(Jenenil Sheridan had disapproved of this ujovc, and had 
Hjiid to (ieneral (Jnint, "L't'* jfo in and fiiii->li the j(d) 
rii:h! h. n ." (iettin;; stuck in the mu«l and smkI <lurin^; 
til' days, at). I the fearful rainstorm of the .'tOth 

brought on th" battle o| I'ive i"'orks ( Jenend Slu riilan 
wa« at Uinwldtiie C. I!., and Im- - ■^ • "Piuwiihlie C. II.. 



OFF FOR PETERSBURG. 200 



tliDUgh u most iiiipurtnnt point in the cainpai^^Mi, was far 
from attractive in feature, bcinii; made up of a liaif dozen 
unsii,rlitly houses, a ranishaekle tavern i)ropj)e(l up on two 
sides with pine poles, and tlie ^veath"^-hpaten huihlin<r 
that ji^ave ollieial name to the cross-roads. 

We had no tents — there wore none in the command — 
so I took possession of the tavern for shelter for mvself 
and staif, and just as we liad finished hjokin;^ over its primi- 
tive interior, a rain storm set in. The waj^on containing mv 
mess equipments was back somewhere on the road, ho]);'l('sslv 
stuck in the mud, and licnee we had nothina; to eat except 
some codec which two vouul;; women, livinir in the tavern, 
kindly made for us, a small quantilv of the berry i)ein"- 
furnished from tlie iiaversack of one of mv escorts. I5v 
the time we got the colfee the rain was falling in sheets, 
and the evening ba<le fair to be a most dismal one; but 
songs and choruses set u]) by some of mv staff — the? two 
young women ])lav;ng the aceomj)animonts on a battered 
piano — relieved the situation and enlivened us a little. 
However, the dreary night brought mo ono great comfort, 
for General Grant, who that day had moved out to Gravel- 
ly Run, sent me instructions to abandon all idea of thccon- 
temj)lated raid, and directed me to act in concert with the 
infantry under his immediate command, to turn if possible 
the right flank of Lee's army. The dispatch made mv 
mind easy, so- notwithstanding the sus])ici()ns ex(nti'd by 
some of my staff concerning the Virginia feather-bed that 
had been assigned m(>, I turned in at a late hour and slept 
soundly." 

At dark, of the 'iOth, we had only gotten seven mi U's 
ivith the train, worked all night, and daylight found us 
but ten miles from the starting ])lace. Atiother day and 
night was spent in getting the train about the same dis- 
tance, and to add to the discomfiture it rained all day of 
the 30th, an<l just after dark it poured down. On the 31st 
there were rumors of fighting in front. We had been with 
the train for two days and nights, slee|)ing only in the sad- 
dle, or by lying on the v/et ground, using a log for a ])illow, 



21t> <>ri' r<>i: petersbubo. 



And tlii'* l>iit u few itiuiiu-iils at a tiiiu'. Shortly after noon 
ol llio JlUl Wf wiTi' ri'lii'vecl from oarin;;!; for tlio 
tniin, aiul tiril.TtuI to th.* frtuit. Wt- iia>si'il «lo\\ii 
the iiiirmw roa«l ni|»itlly, the <itlu'r cavalry ^Mvinj; 
>vav l»v rrowiliiij; t«i fitlu'r s'u\v of the roal 
ill llif hu?<ln•^. Tin* firinjj to t»ur front ami ri^lit ^ot 
|»liiiiuT, indiaitiii^ tliut the enemy wen* j;i*ttiiijj noarcr. 
Urtiil mthiisinsin prrvaih-tl ainoii;^ the troops \v»' wcri' 
|inv.in;r at !»ij;ht of tlu- Virjjiiiia lirijjatK' (as tlu-y term us) 
^oiii^ to thf (rout. Soon we liallid in coliinni and dis- 
moiintOil, forn»inj»on the li-ft of the lead h«»rseK. We tln'n 
diuilde <|tiieked and went into position near a hattery in an 
oltl fu'hi. The hoys (piiekly e«tneln<leil that if they ha<l to 
ti;»hl as infantry tiuy ninst dt» as the latter, s(» a lot of 
roiiveiiient fenee rails were soon tnmsfornu-d into tein- 
|Mir:irv works. .In»t as these were finished, (leiiend Sluri- 
dan rode alon^ oiir Jinr, telling us to h«dd our po>ition. 
Jn-t then the ent'niy i-atne in >iirht in the woods. Winn 
• Mir earhines turned loo-ie (ui the jjray-haeks thev suddenly 
haltetl. Harrett, the historian, says of this aflair: "On 
the .'Ust (leneral Ayers <livi.sion (of infantry) was sent hy 
Warren to <li>lod<;e the enemy «)n tin- White Oak road. 
Avers was rrpnlx-d and driven l»a<'k ujiou ( 'rawford, whost* 
divi>ion in turn hroke, and hoth retreatetl in some confus- 
ion n|H)n the position oeeupicd l>y (JrilVin, The enemy 
then eeased pur.-uit and rapidly turned upon Sheridan at 
I)inwiddie Court IIoUm-. A liMtth- followed in which tin- 
eiH-niv's entire eavalrv foi-cc and two divisions of infantry 
wen- kept in ehe<'k l>v Sheridan's cavalry." (leneral Sler- 
idnii in his oflicial report >ay>: "1 deti-rmined to defc ml 
I>iiiwi«idic ( '. II. an«l selected a ])lace aliout three-fourths 
of a mile north- w»>t «)f the •M-o.-.s-roads, ami, ( "u-ter coni- 
iii;; lip with ('a|K'hart'rt hri;;ade, took positi(»n on ihe left of 
flu* nwid lo Kive Forks in som«' open j^rouml alon^ the 
rfi'st of a gentle ri«l;;c. Custer got Capchart int(» place 
just in time to lend a helping; hand to Smith, who, t>everely 
pr line lra«'k on us here from hi- ntreat ahm;; 

Ch:iin' ■'■••d,' tlie verna<'ular for a woody -wamp 



OFF FOR PETERSBURG. 211 



such as tliat tlu-ouo-h which Smith retired. A little 
later the brigades of (Jrigg and (iibbs falling to 
the rear slowly and steadily, took np a line some 
distance to tiie right of Capehart, (he intervening 
gap to be filled by Pjanington's b.igade. It was nu\v 
near sunset, and the enemy's cavalry thinking the day was 
theirs, made a dash at Smith, but just as the assailants ap- 
peared in the ()i)en fields, Capehart's men opened so sud- 
denly on their left flank as to cause it to recoil in astonish- 
ment, which permitted Smith to connect his brigade with 
Custer's unmolested." Tiiis ended the lighting for the 
day, but we remained in this i)osition all night, (iencral 
Sheridan's headipiarters were in a tent just in the rear of 
the i)i)sition of the Secontl Virginia. A war hist(.rian 
says: "Early in the week, when the Coufedi-rates became 
aware of the extension of Grant's lines, they added a divis- 
ion of infantry to the force enc.imj),Hl on our ll.ink lin^. 
These were directed to avoid an infantry fight, but to seek 
out the cavalry, and, by getting it at a disadvantage, rid 
the region both of the harmfulncss of Sheridan and that 
prestige of his name so terrifying to the Virginia house- 
wife. vSo long as Sheridan remained upon the far left, the 
Southside road was unsafe, and the rapidity with whicii 
his command could be transferred from point to point ren- 
dered it a formidable balance of power. The C'onfederates 
knew the country well, and the peculiar course of the high- 
ways gave them every advantage. 

r 1 1 1-: P> A I^T L K < ) F F I y E FORKS. 

Five I^\3rks is a j)oint whore five good roads meet in 
the edge of a dry, high, well watered forest, three of them 
radiating to the railway, and their tributiiries unlocking all 
the country. The Confederates fortified this place as it it 
had been their capital. Upon the j)rinci[)al road — the 
NVhite Oak road — they had breastworks of logs and earth 
reaching east and west three miles. All the roads wore 
well picketed and a desperate intention to hold it averred. 
Five Forks is eight miles from Dinwiddle (\ If., four 
miles from the Southside railroad, and eighteen miles from 



i: IKTKRSBURG. 



Hiim|ilin'y Station, the u ntrt'^t of our militarv railway 
htutiiM)-. A litiK- -tream calli'd (iravi'lly Kim jrivt's naiuo 
to a liilU" M.lluKli-t r!iiirc!i a?) fit otic mile fncu tlu- cross- 
road •*. 

TIk- iiiornini: oi ."^atmtiay, April l-i, «»;K'iU'tl 
l>ri(;lit ami rlt*ar, wlu-n wi- left «uir position and 
dinniunnti'd, a<lvaiu-fd iiiio tin- iK-op pine foreHt. Soon 
arter «.tartin«^ tin* «'lrar n>oj»ant notes «tf a relu-l huirle, far 
to our front, \va«* liornt* upon the air, and we nadily 
rtH*o;jnir.e<l tlic sound "to liorse." Cautiously oiir >kinii- 
i^liers advaneeil feeling; for the enemy. Nearly a mile was 
i-ovennl in this way when the first shots were lired. This 
\va- an-wennl liy hearty cheers from our side. The enemy 
fell hack slowly, each side increa.sin;; the luimher of 
skirnrr-hers until there was alm(»st a line of hatile. Kive 
tliou>;ind «lisn>oimt«'d eavalrv were in thi> n\ove and were 
to inz"i>i'»*i"*ly driv,^ the Confederati's into th'-ir w »rk-. 
The ohject of the wily Slieridan was to capture as well as 
to rout. ()ur led horses were followifi<; at a reasonable 
di-tam-i'. A writer in .-peakinjr <d this alVair says : "With 
tln-ir In»rs4's witliin call, the cavalryman in line of hattle, 
>tood to;;,'tlu'r like walls (»f sttme, swelliniz onward like 
those jxralual elevatini; ridj^es of which Lyeil speaks. 
All the afternoon the cavalry pushed them hard; and the 
strife went on uninterruptedly and t«'rrifi<ally. Tie- hattle 
wa> fou;;ht at so cIo>e (piarters that the rninn earhiiu's 
were never out of ran;;e ; had this l)^»en otlierwi<e, the 
Ion-; rifles of the enemy would have j^iven them every ad- 
vantage." 1 will now follow the fortunes of ciur own 
hri^de and regiment. 

It was after five u'rlork ill the evening when our 
liorM-H were l)rou;;ht to u*. and moiiiitiiiLr, we prepare«l to 
• har'^e the enemy'H left and rear. .\way oil" to otir rii;ht 
tin- hattle ni};ed ll»'rcely. With the pdlant ('u-^ler in the 
h^ad we started on a wild ride for the enemy. It was «;et- 
liiii: late and, though there was no v>>:u\, mily limlter, 
l»nis|i and lo;j<, we ki*pt up a trot until consid<ralde chared 
lind ' ' r ' • f *: ' ■ r- ' iicir :\ hou>e a rehel 




CAPT. WILL. S. MERRELL. 



«»r «f Urm I t tvlrr « suit «fllrrr». 



OTF FOR rKTERSBURG. 213 



battery was located, aiul b-ing unable to dei)re.s.s their 
guns, their shot passed over our heads causing a good 
many of the boys to unonseiously "(hiek" their 
heads. Captain Ankroin with a scjuadron captured the 
battery, or rather took the gunners prisoners. Just beyond 
the battery, a drove of beef cattle being hurriedly driven 
to the rear by a squad of soldiers, all fell into our hands. 
The rebel cavalry skirmishers were met by our brig- 
ade and soon j)ut to ilight. About thi.> time we gained 
the top of a low ridge, a stubble iield in front. Across 
this field, stretched away to the right and left, was the 
nicest line of rebel cavalry we ever beheld. Our cheers 
were answered by the famous "rebel yell." Our carbines 
were brought into play as we steadily advanced, init the 
enemy did the same. The bugles were sounding "trot," 
the band playing "Hail Columbia," the roar of battle on 
the right almost drowning the sountl of our carbines. The 
gun was sinking l)chind the western hills as the two lines 
of opposing horsenun aj)proaclu'd each other. The order 
to cease firing was passed along the line, when, instinc- 
tively it seemed, a thousand sabres were Hashing in the air, 
recalling the words of Tennyson who says : 

"Flashed all their sabres bare, 
Flashed as they turned in air, 
Sab'ring the gunners there." 

The opposing lines met near the center of the field, 
where a ditch or drain ran parallel with the line of battle. 
The Confederates halted about ten paces from the edge of 
the ditch, our line going to the drain and also halting. Dur- 
ing the brief time this halt was made, the o])posing forces 
eyed each other as if jireparing for the deadly hand to 
hand encounter. Lieutenant Kmerson iMcMillin said : 
"l)oys, this won't do, let's go over." when, putting spurs to 
his horse, the ditch was cleared, and at the same time the 
rest of the regiment boldly went over and fell out) the 
rebel horsemen with sabre. Owing to the position of the 
lines, nearly all the casualties full on the Secitiid Vir- 
ginia, most of the loss bv'ing in wuu ided. In this 



•214 OFF FOR l»ETEm»HUK(J. 



Ikiii.i i" iiaii.l fighting, many of the enemy were killed he- 
fort- ilirv rcirwitcil. Tlie ri'giiiunl 1o1I«>\M'i1 the enemy un- 
til the fUgt» of the fieltl wim reachinl, when we were met by 
a larm- f.»rfe «»f rehel eavalry, whieh so (»virlap|>etl our left 
that \vi* in turn were forml bark a hhort tli>tanci;, wlu-n 
the left of our line was re-enfomnl by the rest of thu liri;;- 
mlr; then onr bi»y.s turni-«l, and in a spiriletl «hariji' tln»ve 
the fniiny fri»m the fuhl, ca|)turing a nunibtr of pri'-oners 
MUtl twi'lvf (\mfe»KnUe fhij^s. The regiment followcil the 
rn«Mnv «mi ih»' jump fi»r three miles, thni n (iiiim«I to mar 
ulure the main fij^ht had l>e«n. 

To Hiiiii dp the important battle of I'jvi l\iik-, (Jcn- 
I'nd Sheridan's historian says: "It was seven o'l loek before 
the Conlfdrnitts came to the eon<'lusion that they wen- 
iiutllaiiked and whipjK'd. Thev had been so busily en- 
j»aj;etl that they were a huijjj tiiiir in findini; out liow des- 
iM'nitf wiTe their eireumstanre>; but now, wearied with 
p 'r.-i!«tent a'»'<inlls in front, they fell back t«t the left, only 
to Ml* four liueii of battle waiting to drivr' tlicm across the 
field, ili'«-iinate<l. At the ri;;ht the hor>emen cliar^ed them 
in their vain attempt to fi;;ht "out," and in the rear, >tra^'- 
j»lini; f«»ot anil eavalry bejpin also to assemble; sjaiit Wvr, 
CMM* fire, and direct fire, by lile and volley, ndled in per- 
iM'tnallv, cutting d«twn their bravot ollicer-, and >trewinj; 
the lii'hl> with blec«lin;; men; ^roan-^ resoundi'd in the in- 
tervals of exploding; powcler, and to add to their termr 
»nd d.*>-pair, their itwn artillery captiir»'d from tin in, threw 
into their own ninks from its old jtosition, un^rat4-ful 
j;ni|K' ami canistt-r, eiifiladin;; their breastworks, whizzin"; 
and pbin^iii;; by air line and riclioehet : and at l:i>i 
biKlie.H ot eavalrv fairly mounted their eiitrenelnnents 
and ehar^t'd down the |iaia|M*t, >la>hin(<; and trainp- 
tlit'in, and produeiiii; in«'\plicable confusion. 
1 ... . had no cMininamlers — at h-a-^t no orders — ami lookt'tl 
in vain for xonie ^uidin^ hand to lead them out of a toil, 
into whieh ihey had fallen so bravely and so blindly. A 
Irw more vollcyn — a new and irresistible ehar;je, — a shrill 
and warn'.n;; c uii'nand to die or surrcmh-r, and with a sul- 



OFF FOR PETERSBURG. 215 



Ion and tearful ini|)nl,sc, five tlutusand nmski'ts were filing 
upon the ground, and live thousand exhausted and iuiix;- 
tent men were Sherhhin's prisoners of war. Those who 
escaped he ordered the fiery Custer to pursue with brand 
and vengeance, and they were pursued far into the deso- 
late iorest, spent and hungry, many tailing hy the wav of 
wounds or exhaustion, many pressed down l)v hoof or 
sahrc-stroke, and many picked up in mercy and sent l)ack 
to rejoin their brethren in bonds. Thus ended the s|)len- 
did victory of Five Forks, the least bloody to the union 
troops, but the most successful, proportionate to nund)ers 
engaged, that was fought during the war. One man out 
of every three took a i)risouer. Sheridan captured four 
cannon, an andjulance train and baggage teams, eiglit 
thousand muskets, and twenty-eight l)attle flags. Sheri- 
dan's loss only readied eight hundred. The enemy lost 
three thousand in killed and wounded. The scene at 
Gravelly Run meeting house at ten o'clock on Saturday 
night was one of the nu>st solemn contrasts of the war. A 
little frame church planted among the i)iues, and j)aiiited 
white, with cool green window-shutters, held at its foot a 
gallery for the negnjcs, and at its head a varnished jmlpit. 
Blood ran in little rills across the flooi-, and human 
feet treading in them, made indcdible prints in 
every direction. The pul|)it lamps were doing 
duty, not to shed holy light upon holy pages, 
but to show the pale and dusty faces of the 
beseeching; and as they moved in and out, the 
groans and cursing ot the suffering rcj)laccd the gush of 
the peaceful hymns and the deep responses to the preacher's 
prayers. Federal and Confederate lay togethei-, the bitter- 
ness of noon assuaged by the common triliuhitioii of the 
night, and all the while came in the drij)ning strctchei-s, 
to place in this Golgotha new recruits for death and sor- 
row outside the portals. The scenes within were reiteratcil, 
except that the greatness of a starry night replaced the 
close and terrible arena of the church. IJencalh the trees 
where the Methodist circuit- rider had tied his horse, and 



•2n; 1 hrrKKsnriui. 



III.- nr.iiin-, iliiiiii^ . i:i-« iin liiij,', had wantlereil away to 
f*j»l j.iunr«. tit the .Miuirri'l-. ami iiuii-siirr htiviij:th at vault- 
iiii; Miiil running, the ^hIichI ami fevercil hiy irrfgularly. 
iMiuu* H.uil t;oiii^ out at ra<'h whilV of thf luti'/e in thi- 
liif loll-; ami tht* t«'aiii> aiul .-iirgeous, uiitl .•.trag«;lin^ bol- 
tlirtrt, aii«l pillo|>in^ orth-rlifs, pasticd all night lieneath tlu- 
uKi and ^ililu-o(iH muoii ami huslu-d >>tarM, ami hy trirkh- 
of (iravi-liy Itiiii. -ttaliiig oH", afraiii. lint the \voniuii«l 
ii.iJ n.i ih.Kiglit that night, the vift«)ry obsorlK-ii all luarts." 

W hih- liie im-n were* a>K*i'i» tlu- night <»f tin* 1st, Cap- 
laiii U il.Min awokv tliriT nu-n t>f hi- coniiMiny ami asktii 
ihtiii to git np, takr >oine pim- torcln's ami go hack over 
thw fu-hl whiTi- the sahre fight oeeiirred ami nee if they 
oMihl fiii«i anv of the woiimled of his company. After the 
l«ir<*h«-< ha<l heeii seeureii and tlireclions had Keen given, 
the little Itaiid started forth on their mission of love and 
nien-v. The light from the torehes looked weird and 
hp.t-ind in the <larkness. Arriving at the stnhhK- field 
llie t«in*hinen took di>«tanei' of ahoiit twenty paces so as to 
rovcr a> much ground as po.-siMe. I)ead and wonmled 
liorM's were seen hy the s«'ore, and if there is anything 
that appeals strongly to human sympathy, it i> the diinil), 
pleading look of a wounded horse. 

L».»kin4 for the dead and wonndeJ hy torcliliglii i-. a 
!*;id and *epii|ehral calling. The pale stars glint and glimmer 
in the awtiil distaiic.-. The hour is pregntint with silence, 
nitvv when it is lirok«n l»y the wail or sigh ol" the dving. 
When the hiVed and lost lie at home on lied> made soft liv 
loving hand-, with lu-ads reposing on jiillows moist with 
till* lear-> of allei-tion. it i> sad enough ; hut. when far fmni 
h Mile, will) no camtpy Itiit tin- heavens, one searelM s in the 
long ^niHH aad unyielding stiil)l)|r for the dead and the 
«lyiiig. it chills the Mood and nrikes the liravest sick at 
li<arl. Welcome the Kihre charge, the musketry and the 
c.iiimHi. Men look to that, kno\\iii;r there is a certain 
chivalry in death, when sought in the smoke ami coiiHi<t 
' ' ivic, where hnive nun meet to Mihmit their tliller- 
r the dineren<"es «d their leaders t<» the stern arlii- 



217 OFF FOR PETFRSIiritO. 



trament of deadly strife ; but after the battle, when the 
sun has gone down upon the battlefield, when the unlv 
sound to break the solemn stillness is the moan (»f tho 
wounded and dying, it appeals to the higher and holier 
impulses of manhood; and, as the fliekering torch flashes 
on the face of the dead, if it be an enemy, there is n silent 
monitor in the heart that is quick to stiHc resentment ; if it 
be a friend, an impulse to mourn thedejiarted, and, reincin- 
bering the comrade of the tent and field, to turn away 
with a heart too full for utterance. 

Whether friend or enemy, the cause? that led to tlieir 
death were not unlike. Each believed himself right. 
Men do not throw away their lives in such gallant ai'tion 
uidess they believe they are in the right. Mothers kissed 
the sons who wore the gray with as deej) afl'eetion as the 
matrons whose sons put on the blue in their country's de- 
fense ; and as they j)assed over tho stubbornly contested 
ground, with no eye but the All-seeing-cyc and the stars, 
and looked upon the blue and the gray lying rigid in death, 
side by side, they felt that desolate homes in the north 
will be no more desolate than the stricken homes in the 
south. Men from the north have met foemen worthy of 
their steel from the south, and the deadly carbine and the 
terrible sabre have caused us to grope by the fitfid light of 
the torch to find the upturned faces of the northern and 
southern dead, ghastly and frightful in the gloom of night , 
and the startled cry of the night bird or the hoot of the 
owl is their only requiem as they are hurried into the 
trenches. The searching ])arty' returned without having 
found those sought for, but they learned that the hospital 
corps had cared for all the wounded. General Porter says : 
"Five Forks was one of the most interesting techinal bat- 
tles of the war; almost perfect in conception, brilliant in 
execution, strikingly dramatic in its incidents, and pro- 
ductive of immensely important results. General (Jrant's 
headquarters had been moved out to Dabney's mills, where 
the news of the victory reached him at nine o'clock p. m. 
The General listened to the account of Sheridan's davs 



'2\S OFF FOR PETERSBURG. 



work, ami, luitwitlistaiuliii^ nil his stall ami escort wire 
iiitlul^in^ ill wild (K'tnon^tnitioiis of j«»y,tlie «rruat eom- 
mamli-r «|iiii"tly walkctl iiit«i hii» tfiit, wrote a ilisjmteh, sent 
it to the wirf*, ami eooly mnarkt'tl : "1 have ortlered an 
a^isuult all nlon^ the lines." It is a well known fact that 
tlu' lialtle ot Fivr Forks iaiiM«l th»- evacuation of Itieh- 
nionil antl IV-ttr^hnr^, an«l the .•.urriiuhr of lA-e. On the 
morning <»f the 'Jn«l the Cavalry swunjj to the left, toward 
.Irt«Tsvilh', (u-nt'nil Shrridan antici|»atin;: that ficneral Lee 
Would rvacnatf lN-t»Tsl>ur^ and Kicliiimnd. Thr rnfiny 
wa-* not overtak«'n until near <lark, wImii tlicy were foiiml 
stnin^ly intrcnrhctl. We w.-nt into cainii dircctiv in front 
of the C*onfi'<li-rati' work>. While jjoin^ into earnj) the 
enemy threw a few shells anion;; the tn»o|H'rs, killing one 
man and two horses. Just as the men were unsa<ldlin^ 
tin- horses, tin- hripidc mail wa** l>rou;>;ht into camp and 
s<ion ilistrihuti'«l. The numfrttus letters re<'eived hy nenrlv 
every one eaiis<'<l n(» little «xcitenu'nt, and soon the grim 
Veterans w»>r«' .-ittin^ on the LMoimd — tailor iashion — 
drinkinj; in the delicious news from home au<l friends. 
NN Idle eii^apd in tliix |ilea«-anl nccii}»ati«ui, and almost oh- 
livioiis to all >urroiindin;;«:. a heavv volley from the Con- 
f«*<lcr:ite Works made the old pine woods rini;. Hefore the 
first e<'hoe had die<l away, saddles were on the li(»r>es, and 
when the shrill notes of the Im^ler "to hor.-e" ha<l sounded, 
every one wa»i in ranks ready for the fo4'. However, it 
' was a fal>e alarm, as the volley \va< cause. I hy the posting 
of our vid«'tte line. Soon all was (piiet again. The artil- 
lery of the hrigade ke|>t up a crtntintious tiring the entire 
night. Although the hattery was ne:ir the regiment, yet I 
would he s;ife in asserting that our lioys slept more soundly 
than the ".Fohnnie-." Karly on the morning <d the .'M, a 
llanking iKirty was put in motion, hut it wa< soon learne«l 
that tlieenemv had left. Skirnii-hiuir wn> kept up (piife 
Itrixkly until I-'itdicom:ick ( "re<'k was r« ached, where the 
eiiemv was found jto^ted on the oppoxiie -ide, and as the 
^iren^l wai« ipiite d«'ep, two pieces of artillery were hmught 
forwonl, and while this wiix going on. a portion of the sec- 



OFF FOR PETERSBURG. 219 

ond brigade secured a crossing above, and In a spirited 
charge, routed tlie enemy, caj)turing many prisoners, (^)ur 
own brigade now took the advance and engaged in a wild 
and exciting race until Deej) Creek was reached, where 
the advance ran into an ambuscade, in which Co. W h)st 
one man killed, several wounded, and twelve horses 
killed. The ford had l)een blocked with iclled 
trees, while on a low ridge, teniimrary works had been has- 
tily thrown uj). The troopers commenced a rapid iire on 
the works which prevented the enemy from doing anv 
further damage. ]>y this time the 1st New York — which 
had been attached to our brigade — succeeded in crossing 
above the ford, when they charged down on the enemy, 
capturing sixty prisoners. The New Yorkers did n.)t kcrjt 
the front long, but gave the road. The second \'irginia 
were exceedingly gratified to once more be permitted to 
take the front, and enjoy some of the fun the others seemed 
to be having. Shortlv after taking; the front tlicv en- 
countered a body of rebel cavalry drawn up in line in a 
wheat-field, and such a race as the regiment took to get there 
at that line. They (the enemy) had no time to break into 
fours, and leave the field with some semblance of oi'der, 
nor did they ever again form a line, and attem])t to stop 
the union horsemen. Turning the prisoners over to a 
guard, the regiment kept the front, and at nightfall the en- 
tire brigade encountered a considerable body of infantry, 
posted in a wood and along fences. A portion of the brig- 
ade dismounted, and fought as infantry. The regiment 
advanced mounted, and as usual, the band playing "Hail 
Columbia." Under the severe fire of the long range guns 
of the enemy, it was hard to tell what they were playing. 
The enemy evacuated theii position during the night, the 
brigade camping near where the bands so distin- 
guished themselves by drawing most of the rebel fire. 
Marched all day of the 4th and went into camp in the 
evening. After all had retired to rest, orders came from 
General Sheridan to march with all possible dispatch back to 
Jetersville, as he had intercepted Lee. Marched all night, 



220 OFF FOR ptrrKHsnuRo. 

r«ic!iing JfttTHville curly im tho inorning of the 5th. 
Wtiit into |K»«iitioii on the Ut\ of tbt- Tjth corps. The Army 
of ihe lVt(«iiiiar \va> concent rating here, and as fast as they 
arriviil, wen' |ihic(*«i in |M»(.itiun hy CJcn. Shi-riUan, (Jen. 
Meatle being quite r>iek. (Jen. ( 'rook who was on the K-ft with 
hi^ i-jivftlry was (|uite hc'avily iMJpij;e«l. This led Shi-ridan to 
In-lievf that Ixt* wa?* rnvh-avurinj; to ('"caiie hy his k'ft 
think. He theref<»re was anxious to altaiU with what forc^ 
he hail, the M'eon«l and fjfih eor|»> an«l the <avalry. .Ius( 
then Me:uh' «*aine out and a>-Mini(d coininand, and, ntiuh to 
Sherithm'h mortification, dcci<h'»l not to attack until tlif 
"ixth i'orp- arrivi'd. A cnjitured nhcl letter was now 
liroui;ht to .Sheritian, dexTJItin^ the condition of the C'on- 
fech-nite force?*. Sheridan sent it t«t ( Jraiil, with the follow- 
ing dispateh : 

.Ieter>-\ ilic. A J nil ."), ."> p. ni. 
I -end yoti the en<lo-etl lettiT, which will give you an 
idea of tin' eondition <»f the enemy and their whereabouts. 
I M*nt (Jetieral Havies' bri;rad<' this morning around on 
my lelt tlauk. He eaplured at raines Cross Koads five 
piee« s (,f artillery, alniut 'JdO wagons, eight or nine batfle 
llag-, and a nund»er of prisoners. The Second Army 
(orp-^ i- now ciuning up. I wi.-h you were here yourself. 
I feel eonti(h>nt of capturing the army of Northern Vir- 
ginia if we exert onrsj'lves. I sec no cseape for Lee. I 
Nvill put all n>y eavalry out on my left tlanl^. except Mc- 
Ken-i«', uho i.. on the ri^ht." 

.\fttr receiving this messape (Miieral (irant started 
f«»r Shcriihin's headtpiarters arriving tlnre at midnight. 
He immediately reversed Meade's plans atxl otdi-reil an 
advance at «lavlight ni the«Jlh. Sheridan with the cavalry 
was M'Ht west towards iNaton-ville. About ten <»'clock of 
the •Ith, the first division stiuek th«' conft'dcrate column at 
.Siilor*- ("reek, capturing sixteen pieces of artillery, fcuir 
hundred wagons, and many prisom-rs. This rebel forei* 
proved to Im' Knx ell's corps, and the «avaliy at once threw 

theinsi Ive- M|i;:i!c :iir..v« il.,- i.nU ilni^ f-Tcing them to 

enirent'h. 

C'uHter'n ilixision wuii into jio-iiiiin across Sailor's 



OFF FOR i'ETER,si:i:nr.. 221 



Creek, executing the movement of, "on right into line," 
then moved forward until within ;i sliort distance of tho 
confederate line. After other forces of the sixth corps had 
been placed in position, and of which we were ignorant at 
the time, the fiery Custer charged the confederate works. 
The Second Virginia oecuj)icd a position in a field, the 
rebel works being on the opposite si(h' in the edge of a 
wood. He was somewhat protected frDUi the direct fire of 
the enemy, by rising ground in front, although we were 
within easy carbine range. Our batteries were j)lanted on 
a ridge across the creek to our rear, and they kept uj) a 
heavy fire over our heads, while we were sitting there 
on our horses, waiting for something, we knew not what. 
While going into position considerable cheering had 
been done, which was always answered l)v the ix'culiar 
"rebel yell." The brigade band was doing good duty now, 
playing all the national airs. Aliout noon Lieutenant 
George Freeman caught a rebel ball in his mouth, which 
knocked out six of that officer's teeth. He secured the 
ball and ivory, then sought the hospital. Two or three 
charges were made on the enemy's works on our left bv 
two hundred mounted men, for no other pur])ose I suj)pose 
than to hold them in their works. About three o'clock in 
the afternoon the enemy had nearly ceased firing. At this 
juncture General Custer and staff rode through our lines, 
seemingly for the purpose of viewing the rebel works. 
As everything was then so silent, such expressions, as 
"they have evacuated," "skecdaddled," and soon, was heard. 
Just then a volley from the rebels caused Custer's staff to 
hastily seek the rear, but not so with the golden-haired 
trooper ; waving his sword, he shouted so all could hear, 
"the whole line charge, fouwakd, trot, march I" One 
of the artillerymen afterwards said, "that the grandest 
sight he ever witnessed was when that long line of cavalrv 
moved forward. The carbines were all loaded with seven 
shots and when these had been exhausted, half the dis- 
taiu!e to the works had been covered. Every bugle 
was sounding forward, officers were shouting, the 



222 OFF FOR rCTEU-SULKG. 



men eheorinjj, ami all wen- ii<»\v fa;;i*r to jjo on. W'luii 
thi" «»nlrr tMi'cax' firiujj aiul cln»\v sabor, had hetn giviii 
anddljtyeti, llu* lino wa?* tli»>c tn tlje \vork<. In front of 
tlu- Sn-omiI Virjjinia, llu* works were «:irrittl dinotly 
ill front, the liorsfn leaping ovor thi'm, tlius |ila(*in^ 
tlMiUM-lvcK an«l ri«lcTs in tin* r**ar of tlifrnpniv. who w« re 
alnaily MirrfmU-rin;;. WIuto the wtirks wi-rc loo liij;li, 
the tnH>|KT!» l>n)ki' tliroii^rh tlir low places and swept down 
tin- rear, t-iiptiirin^; — >o (icntnil Sheridan siiys — between 
nin>* and t«ii thotisind jtrisoners, in<lti<li:;^ (iiiiend I'well 
and -tafl", and five other central odicers. I In- |iri-on<r«- 
wen- |«irk»'d on the i;ronn«l ov.t wliich the <har;:e liad Itten 
made. The ^i.\th eorjts assiNti'd in ht-iuinin;: in the eon- 
fe<lt'nites, l>nt tliey Wi-rr oil to oi:r ri^ht, and at the time 
we did not know tliey were then-. All camped at Saihtr's 
(*re«"k,an<l early the next niorniii"; a division of infantry 
took eharp' of the prisoners, an«l Sheriilan was oiicc more 
ofl with the mvalry after Lee. The pri.soners were very 
xhort of r:itions, and many of them were snpplied froni oui 
havrrs:ieks. Indeed, thi> was done to sneji an extent, as 
to esmsc ourselves to )»<• on -.hort rations for several davs. 
( )n the mornin;; of the 7th while the eavalry was filinj^ 
ont of ramp, the route lay near the prisomrs. As eaeh 
l»an«l jiassed they were playiii;; the national airs. Tin- 
( *onfe«lenit<'s looke(l on and nutsf of them seenn-d to enjoy 
the si^ht. Near the line of march a lon^, lank, mountain 
C'unfedenite was standin<; lookin;; on with a sidlen apjxar- 
auee. Our brigade hand, ahout this time, struck up the 
inspiritin^rair <tf "Dixie." Instantly tlu' mountaineer jjave 
the "reliel yell" and <(unmen<*cd tlancin^ with all his 
niitrht. Hi- actions were so ludicrous that all who saw it, 
lioth I'nion and ConO'deratc, enjoyed a hearty lau'^di, lt<»th 
nitlc*. ••heerin;,' him. 

A .HoutlH-rn writ<r s;iys : "Antl -o the retre.-it rolls on. 
We are pa— 'in;;; abandoned cannon, overturned and 
wn-<"k<H| wa;;onH, and I heir now useless contents lielonj^inp 
to file (piarternuisters; horses and mules dead or dvinj; in 
the roatl. At nijrht our march is lighted l»y the fires of 



OFF FOR rETERSBURO. 2*23 

l)urninfi: Avagons, and the lioarsc roar of cannon and the 
rattle of small arms, before, behind and on our Hanks are 
ever in our ears. The constant marching and fighting, 
without food or sleep, is rapidly thinning the ranks of this 
grand old army. Men who have stood by their flag since 
the beginning af the war now fall out of the ranks and are 
ca|)tured, simply because it is beyond their power of physi- 
cal endurance to go any further." 

General Sheridan, in his memoirs, says, that on the 
7th he determined to block IjCc's path with the cavalrv 
and also endeavor to capture the rebel supi»]y trains tliat 
he (iSheridan) had dispatched for by two of his scouts. 
The cavalry had swung to the left, leaving the rebel col- 
umn to pursue their way. It was near midnight when the 
troopers went into eamj). Early on the morning of the Sth 
Custer's division took the advance, with orders to capture 
the rebel supply trains before mentioned. It was well un- 
derstood that the command was now in Lee's front, and in 
consequence, the men were in fine spirits. General Sheri- 
dan rode along the column toward the front, offering 
words of encouragement, and as stray shots were heard, 
and the gait increased to a trot, every man was in a high 
state of ex])ectancy. It was near fiveo' clock in the even- 
ing when one of Sheridan's scouts Avas seen, waving his 
hat and shouting: "If there is an engineer in the ranks, 
come to the front." Two men of the I'^irst Virginia re- 
spond, and soon the shrill locomotive whistles were heard, 
which created the wildest enthusiasm in the ranks. 
It was nearly dark when our brigade crossed the rail- 
road near Appomattox Station. In this dash over the 
railroad the division captured •"><)() wagons, forty ])ieces 
of artillery and 1000 prisoners. 

A. battery of confederate artillery hurled grape and 
canister down the road in such a manner that a little col- 
umn of the regiment, who, under the direction of General 
Custer, starte<l in a charge, was nearly half unhorsed. 

The flashes of the (Miemy's guns, as reflected against 
the sky, resembled a furious storm of lightning. But the 



• rF FOR PETKRSIH l:< 



battonr wa« cantiirtMl hy the bri»pul»', iifti-r which eainp was 
r»tahlif*hiHl U'lwifii Ia'i'*« nriny ami the «»pturtil proj>orty. 
ThiH (H'c*urriHl tit Ap|><ttiiatto\ Station, about four iniK^? 
!M»uth of A|t|Hiiiinttox vilhi;;*', when* tho army ot" (u-iieral 
Iah* had i^inc into fnnip. I>iiriii^ tin- fore part of the 
iii;;ht wr wrn- Miinrwhat aniiovrilhv n pioff of coiiftHK'nitc 
artilUry, that kept throwing; shells into ramp. At carli 
«Ii"«chargf of tho plow theohl familiar ory of "j:ral> n root" 
f.uihl ho hoanl all ovir <'amp. 

AI'KII. Htii, \Si]'}. 

Ahotit siiuri.-o this morning; the Jiicmy attackid our 
^ki^mi^hors. Tlu* ti rst division wont to the front, whilo 
<*ii't4'r's division All haok a short di>tan(r, and cjiokoil and 
atr tho la^i hroakfa-t, that wasi-vor laton within hoarinj^ of 
rolnd jjnn". Tho sharp and ra|»itl firinir of tho union oar- 
honior-, mu-iocl the humldo meal to he hurrieilly eaten, and 
amid mneh exeitetneut. 

Hut what lon^ hhie column wa> that seen ap|)roach- 
in^ in the pniy of that heautilnl S:il>l»:itli mornini:. It was 
(ii-neral < )rd'> 'Jlth corp'^ of infantry, and they were 
rapidly |>la<*e«l in line hehiml the cavalry screen. ()iir 
hurries Hound "to horse," and as the division mount and 
fall into line, the wildest nthu^iasm prevails. As they 
attempt to cross the road tlic wav was Mocked hy tho 
marching; column of infantry, hut sofui there was a ^ap 
suflicient to ht all the troopers through, hy keopinj:^ well 
cloM'd up. althoiij^h some of the toot olVieers tried tft stop 
tho c-avalry. Kvery one sotm d to feil that the end was 
near, au<l we wc-rc in hijjh spirts nt the proxju'ct of heinij; 
in at the «leath of the rehellimi. ( )iir dire<tion wa> 
towanl the h-ft flank of nil tjiat n-maimd of tjic army of 
northern Virj;inia. 

(••Mier.d l^'cV- army wa> not all ili>po>ed in hattle ai"- 
riy. Inf«»rnie<l of tin situation of aflairs, (loneral Cii-ter 
Kii<l to the oflicer who hrou^^ht the information, I will 
charjfc; mIiow me the way." The entire ilivision had heiii 
fornied in c«dumn i»f sipiadron. .\ writer in tho "Life and 
Dcwiu of (.ienend (inint" huv» of thi> oc«a-ion: "Custer's 



OFF voii rKTKi;si;rii(;. 



comniaiul presented a most striking and bcautiliil effect Ih 
color, as also in concentrated power for action. Followinpr 
tiie g:eneral and his staff, and thrown to tlie lunrning hreezes, 
floated not less than forty rebel battle flajjjs ca])tured from 
the enemy within t(;n days. These with division, brigade, 
and regimental colors of the command, made a picture as 
with flashing .sabres they moved into view, at once thrill- 
ing and beautiful." As we moved rapidly forwanl towanl 
the i)hux' from where we were to charge the cauip, a l)at- 
tery of rebel artillery, paid us compHnionts with a few 
shells, but they passed harmlessly over our heads. These 
were the last rebel cannon we ever heard. Just as a double 
line had been formed, and the charge had sounded from 
headquarters, and the long line had started down the slo])e, 
three or four horsemen were seen emerging from the woods 
toward the camp, the leader waving something white over 
his head. Colonel Briggs, of the seventh Michigan met 
the party, when they asked for the "general commanding." 
Custer was jwintcd out, and (he Confederates rode rapidly 
toward him. General Custer said, "I am not in sole com- 
mand u])on this field, but I will rej)ort the request to Gen- 
Sheridan, and I can only stop the charge upon the an- 
nouncement of an unconditional surrender." Custer then 
sent his chief of staff back with the flag of truce i)arty to see 
if the surrender was all right. Gen. Lee could not be 
found just then, and the party was directed to General 
Longstreet and Gordon, who assured the "chief of stafi" 
that an unconditional surrender of the army of Northern 
Virginia was intended. When the staff officer returned, 
General Custer at once started for the rebel camp, using 
the Hag of truce the staff officer returned with, and which 
is now in Mrs. Custer's possession. Custer soon found 
Longstreet and Gordon, and received from them the assur- 
ance that they had surrendered to General (Jrant. During 
this exciting pci'iod, which occupied at least two hours 
time, the entire force of Union horsemen were silently 
awaiting orders. Word had been ])assed along the line 
that a surrender was one of the j)Ossibilitics, but the report 



22() OFF FOK l'ETER.SHrRG. 



tllil n«»t olitaiii iniK'li fri'iK-iiff in ilie ninks. Tlie silence 
wa> rf|jpirili-«l a^ iMnin<Mi<<°. fur wc witi* niunimtarily fXpei't- 
\t\^ to iiiuve furwartl. Hut hark I iistin at tlii* cIkhts to 
our IfH, ami now lookln;: tliat way we see the (iery Custer 
ridin;; ittiwn the lint* a^ it' mail, his h*n^ vt-ll iw hair and 
ntl neek-tie ?tn'amin^ in the win»l. IK- .va> wihlly wav- 
inij his hat, and shunting at the top of his voiee : "Cieneral 
Iav has .-^nrremUTt'd his whole uriny." Tiie ehanj^e from 
unxifty and dtuilit to a eertainty of tiie result was now 
a-snrrtl. How ean I de^X'ribe the scenes that followed I 
Mt-n leap from their horsi's, toss caps and hats high in air, 
.-hiiut and chiM-r until exhausted. Across hi;ld and wood 
to the right and lell resound the mighty joy nf the I'nion 
army. IJrave men elasp eaeh «>tln'r, and weep, and sing, 
and ilanee and pray. It was worth our entire term of ser- 
vice to have hi'en therr at the ileath ol'the reliv'Ilion. The 
army that was the pride and hope (d' the (-'.tnfe«leraey now 
lay helples", at our feet. Victory after victory lunl fol- 
loweil Us in sueli nipi<l succession, that to he h'd ag-ainst 
the enemv was sure tt) a<hl aiiotlu'r laurel to our hanners; 
hut now the gallant armv of Northern Virginia was no 
nmre, the rehellion hopeles>ly crippled, an<l we knew 
that the war was virtually «tv>'r. As all tlii> conies to the 
mind.o of the men, thev again and again hreaU out in cheer- 
ing, and tin- grind chorus rolls along the lines. It was 
glorimi.s to have heen there. Tht- lile of the ( "unlc<lerate 
army were gla<l that the war was over, glad tluy had fired 
tlu-ir last slmt, ami rejoiced to think they could >o()n re- 
turn t<» their homes. Hut how dillerent was the return <d 
the hoy.-^ in gray and that (d"the hoys in hlue. The for- 
mer were half->larvetl, poctrly <'latl, no money, homes 
mined, land almost a waste, whipp.'d and eoinpiercd on 
every nide. V«rily, llu-y snlVered fi»r the sins of their 
h-.-ider**. IIow diflercnt was the n'ccption of tin l»<iys in 
Idne. TInir return was eharacteri/ed hy the firing o| 
gnnn, the ringing of hells. Ueverheratioiis ofe:iiiiioii \\er<- 

I in every city, town ami village throughout (he land. 

• Ml- of (la::- dam-ed to the movement^ of the wind. 



OFF FOR PETERSliURO. 227 



But in all our joy there at the time, it was not the 
mere exultation over a fallen foe. In those ever memor- 
able hours, there was a gentle spirit of clemency dilTused 
amou*; all, that just now became conseiouslv present. The 
particulars of the formalities of the surrender were about 
as follows: Grant did not reach Appomattox villa<fe until 
about 1 o'clock p. m. The famous village consisted of less 
than a dozen dwellings, standing on some rising ground. 
As the hero of the Union armies came up to the village 
with his staff, they were met by Sheridan, (ieneral (Irani 
said: "How are you, Sheridan?" "First rate, thank you. 
How are you?" (Grant's tone and mainu'r plainly indicat- 
ed that he was perfectly satisfied with the position of 
affairs. "Is Lee over thcJe?" asked Grant. "Yes, he is in 
that brick house," said Sheridan. "Let's go over," 
and then all started. They went to the house of Wilbur 
McLean ; the only pjrsou entering there was (Jeneral 
(itrant. The others remained in the front yard for awhile, 
out of consideration for General Lee. Shortly after all 
were invited in, when the terms of surrender were signed. 
There were fifteen persons in the room at the time the 
papors were signed. Frances A. Burr, the historian, savs 
of the occasion : "Sheridan was as marked a figure in face, 
pose, expression, dress, as was Lee himself. The con- 
federate commander was in full uniform, with sword and- 
equipment, all of whicli were nearly or (piite new. The 
condition of General Lee's and Colonel Marshall's clothintr 
was explained by the faet that the activity of Sheridan's 
cavalry in attacking their baggage train had compelled 
officers to select the most needed articles and leave the rest 
to be destroyed, rather than have them fall into our hand.>^. 
Sheridan had fallen unconsciously, as the generals con- 
versed, into a strikingly dramatic attitude. The others sat 
or lounged with the quiet of intense interest. SluM-idau'-i 
attitude was that of the soldier who expected to be called 
suddenly to action. It w'as that of his mood, for during 
the whole marvelous j)ursuit in which he had led the attack 
and the advance, he had Ijeeu wrought up to the loftiest 



228 OFF FuH ptrrERSBrRo. 

pitch uf cntluranp.', euura^^e, furesiglit, and vitnl muve- 
luont. Indeed, ho could almost huve stood as a model of 
Falf, H\t altTt and iinyi«ldiii;; was his atlittidi'. Cav.iliv 
b«MitH, ru«ty and suiUcl. roviTi'd half hi-» >ht»rt, stuuly 
limb>. Ill* wore the full uniform of his rank, with sash, 
bidl ami svvonl. His -.hort, broad, sturdy foruj stood |>osi'd 
in stri*n;^lh. The head antl (arc were remarkable. H.'ard- 
K'jis, exeept u close, «lark mustaehe, its striking lines and 
foruiM were «*ccn niost clearly. The ex|»ressi«in was that of 
*et, fixed ftirce and determination. There was a trenicn- 
«Imus degree of vitality in the notable figure — a great 
amount of intellectual reserve in tin- lined countenance. 

*• With elMsr-ero|>|M'<l heatl an»l beardlr.«.^ face the height, 
ih-|»th ami breadth of the gtiieral's cranium were feh by 
all. The jaw, strong and well ilefiiutl, was not heavy. 
There was not a gross line to be seen. The Iri"«h gray eye^ 
fidlowetl !»earchinglv every fa<ial ntovenu-nt of tlu- Conlcd- 
cnitc Icailer. That the brain behin«l that fixed, imjiassive 
sternness was at work c(»uld be undcrstotnl by one glance. 
Standing *at attentittn,' with heavy sheathed cavalry .-abre 
renting on his left arm, Slu-ridan was indeed the embodied 
vigilance of the I'nion army. That morning found ample 
cause for vigilanei-. Tlu- bold, ardent, ceaM-h-ss |MM>nit 
which had lollowed I'ive Forks, ami especially niarked the 
advam-e from .Ietter>ville, iiad been rewarded by the M-eur- 
ing <d the we>t ritlge i)eyond Lee's pu.««iti(»n and l»y the 
rapid alignment uf inrmliv :ici<»-- the onlv road Iiv uhieli 
IjVV could nn»v. 

"The Confederate weie «Mimi>hed and knew it. The 
work i»f disabling guns and destroying military property 
was going on. Custer in the a<lvanee was as u>nal aching 
to attack anti ••apture mon* gun>. His <livision >renre(l 
the hi"! taken by actual c(»mbat in N'irginia. It \\a> a 
wondi-rlully pitturcMpu' sight, for the topogniphical fea- 
luri'K p!*rmilt4'd a full display of our strengthening and en- 
cinding linen, a^ WidI a> the hurried nioveujents uf the gal- 
lant cneniy Milhin the fateful cireles forming about tliem. 
J^ifMiteiiiiiit Cieneral Cf>»rdon, with hi< cup^, faej-d Sheridan 




NATHANIEL SISSON. 



A IJiiijIcr « ho MMiiiilcil tlii> l;isl i:iai';rc at \|(|ioiii:itti>\ 



OFF FOR I'FTERSHURG. 220 



and Ord, fretting with the inipatience of vah)r. It was his 
desire to eut his way througli, and the veterans heliind him 
wonhl at his word have tried it. Lee knew, however, that 
such sacrifice was useless, and took pains to forward to 
General Sheridan a copy of his letter to Grant, calling for 
a conference to arrange the terms of surrender. Sher- 
idan received this at least an liour before Grant did 
M'ith infornialion, also, of the short truce allowed hv 
Meade, whose army was steadily pressed to its position. 
Sheridan at once road down to meet Gordon, accompanied 
by Merritt, Custer, Irvin and others." ilow the news 
was received by the 2ith corps can be faintlv seen by IJie 
following incident. Captain liicks, a staff olficer, wa.«! 
})resent when the first news of the surrender came to them. 
The cheering frightened his horse, which dashed off at full 
speed, heading toward a column of marching infantrv. A 
thought Hashed tiirougli the riders mind that this would 
be a good opportunity to carry the news to the rest of 
the corps; so giving free rein to the excited horse, he rode 
on. The column o])ened out for the horse and rider, and 
he shouted out the news as he sped on. Ca})tain flicks 
says: "As I was speeding through one of the regiments I 
caught the l)right face of a soldier leaning out as far as 
j)i)ssible into the road to catch the message that fell from 
my lips, "What is it? What is it?" he auxiouslv 
shouted. "Lee has surrendered his whole army to Grant" 
Avas the re[)ly. Clear and loud, above all the voices, and 
<|uick as the message fell upon his ear, was his answer: 
"Great God! you're the man I've l)ee:i looking for the last 
four years." 

The following little incident is given in tlu' laniruafc 
of General Horace l*orter. After the terms of suirender 
had been signed, and the officers present had been intro- 
duced. General Lee said: "I have a thousand or more of 
your men as prisoners, General Grant, a numlxr of them 
officers, whom we have required to march along with us 
for several days. 1 shall be glad to send them into vour 
lines as soon as it can be arranged, for J have no jirovisions 



2.')0 OFF FOR ri-rrKHsiii'Rf!. 



fur them. I liavc, iiuUftI, nothing (or my own men. Thfv have 
hitn living: for the lu>t few »hiy, prineipally upon parehed 
••.irii, unti we an* Imtlly in lu-e*! <»f liuth rations ami foraire, 
1 tt linni|ihe»l to iAnehhnr^, <lire(ting several train l«»ails 
of rtitions tu be sent on hy mil from thfre, and when they 
arrive 1 >hi>nl(l he };hul to have the preMiit wants of my 
)!>••! sn|t|ilie(l frt»m them." 

All i'\v> were now tnrmil upon Sluriilan, for he had 
ejipinrtHJ ih«?»e trains with his mvalry the ni^ht hefore, 
n«ar .\pponiatto.\ Station. The eavalry was always there — 
wInrrviT that mij^ht he. Alter Lee had riildi-n away from 
t!if MeLi'an honse, there heeame a <lesire aincm;; the I'nion 
oIlitHT.". to ".fcnre .some relir of the mem«»ral)le oeeasi«tn. 
.'^heii<lan >l.are<l this feeling with the re>t, hut his (h,-ire 
t«»ok a i;enerons turn, lur he ^ave McLiau twenty tlollar.s 
in uold "or the little tahle on which the aj^reenunt was 
written, and at onee ijave it to ("u^tt r. wlm -lardd tn eanip 
hearing it upon hi* shouhh r. 

The eavalry remaiiu'd in line all day, and late in the 
«\<ninsx went into camp. On tlu- lOth tin- return niareji 
wa> enmnieneetl, ami, >trauL:e to relate, llu- men >eemed 
nnn.sually dt .-pomleut. Utit little eonvi-rsition was jn- 
dul;:ed in, ev«-ry one .-eemed to he husv with his own 
tli<iu;;hi>. Was it heeause tluir ^rim oeeupatioii was <;one '.' 
Certainly n"t. A- the ><«inl»re niar<li (d' that Lrlnmnv. darU 
and rainy day oecur> tn inv mind, it iTcall> the wui'd< of 
.'^hak<-pi a;e : 

Oh. larew.ll ! 
I"'arr\\. II the uei;.'liin;.' >tet d and the >lirill trump, 
The spin I -stirring; drum, the ear-pierein<; tile, 
The royal haniier ; and all ipiality, 
I'ride, pomp, and «-ireumstanee (d' ^huiou^ war. 
.\nd < ), ynn mortal en^jines, whose ru<le throats 
The immortal .JoveV- dnacl (danmrs emiuterfeit, 
l''are\\» II." 

(ieneral (irant and stall' marehe I with us that day, 

hot o\\in;r prohahlv lo the low spirits <d' the Irooprrs, 

• I -tlti iiioii \\i\H ^ivrn the ".-dml man" :dlhou^li 

'n' first tinu- the \"irt;inia hrij:a«le at 



OFF FOR PETEKSHUHG. 2'M 



least had even seen him. In the eveninp; we eatnpcd 
at Prospect Station, on tlie Southside railroad. On the 
IKhthe march wa.-- continued very sh>\v, and on <'-()in<r 
into camp the mail was distributed to us, the second re- 
ceived in six weeks. This had the eflrct of somewhat re- 
storing the '^riders" to their normal (■()n(li(i(tn. Soldiers 
are like children. They can n(»t remain in sullen spirits 
very long. It was only nine miles to Ihirkesville Junction 
which ended our march of the 12th. The roads were a^a in 
in a miserable condition for marching, and our horses were 
almost worn out from ovei exertion. To the noble en- 
durance of these animals may largely be attributed the fact 
that Lee surrendered when he did, for the wiley Confeder- 
ate was making des})erate efforts to reach Lynchburg. A 
large ambulance train of wounded, mostly cavalry, came 
in from the front this evening and were properly cared for. 
Also a train of supplies and forage came into camp from 
I'etersburg; these were badly needed, for we had been on 
starvation rations since the fight at Sailor's Creek, and 
where the Second Virginia, to the writer's knowledge, so 
generously divided their small stock of rations with the 
prisoners they guarded that night. 

The 13th was another dark and rainy day, and at Not- 
toway C. IL, after a march of only twelve miles, the divis- 
ion again camped for the night. The annctuncement that 
we will rest here a few days, was received with general satis- 
faction. Clothing also reached us at this time, which en- 
abled many of the boys to lay aside their butternut clothes, 
which, of necessity, they had been compelled to wear. 
Squads of returning Confederates were jiassing camp all 
eveninsr, apj)arently well satisfied at the turn affairs had 
taken. 

(Jeneral Custer started for ^\'ash!ngton with thirty- 
seven rebel flags captured by the division within the last 
eight days. The 14tli was to witness the raising of the old 
flag over Fort Sumpter, and our hattery fired two hundred 
fruns in honor of the occasion. 

Earlv on the morning of the fifteenth we were 



232 OFF Koi: I'KTEKSBl'm!. 

anMi««iHl liy the |iatU>r uf niin on our little tents and as the 
«luy of llie 14tli had been ho pleasant, a great luaiiy lind 
nejrleeleii In ent the esst-ntial dit<*li antuiul the tents, and 
in li.stening to the {tatter <d rain U|>on the roof, the water 
had lufn silently and /"nrely working its way nnder the 
Ih-iU, wliieh were nmde on the gronnd. However, the 
Imyu eon»oled thenjselvts with the reasonahle eonelnsiou 
that it nti^iht have been wor>e. During the day the news 
.•f I he a^Mi>sination of President J^ineoln reaebed 
«-aiii|i, and soon the eonijiany street> were thr«»nged bv 
«a;:«r erowtl.H disens>ing the awliil tragedy, and all were 
eugeK to learn tin- particulars. So niueh h:nl <'«iurred 
within ihf last two weeks that the mind eonid seared v <'oni- 
prehend it all. To again put the boy> nut uf hunmr, 
ration> hud become exceedingly «:h«»rt. 

Plenty were within reach, but tlirre >eenu'd ttt be an 
<»ver ^npp!v of re«l tape. Seini-.-tarvation does n<»t pio- 
•ince ^oo 1 humor, and the humblest j)rivate in the ranks 
knows that when the rations were in sight, as it were, 
there wa> ■.nmething wrong if they were not issued. Ow- 
ing to this fart the r(uuinan<l remained in camp, with 
^igns of a >ittnu brewing among the troops. ( )ii tlic ITtli 
the nilions w<re i>-iied. On the iSth the e(dumn reached 
Pet«'rsburg and camped mn- mile west of the city, on the 
ground fitught over l»y the Sixth e<tij» on the m cniid. 
S'Veral fine rc>.idenci'>arMnud this>pt)t had bei-u destroyi-il, 
lint the be:iutiful lawus and other outward ap]>earanccs gave 
silent «-vi«lenee of that outward adornment chara<,'tiristie 
<■! \'ir;:inia re^idenevs. 

Thi* day there was given to I'Very utlieer and eulisti-d 
man o( (niieral Custer's tlivision, the following order 
printed in beatitifiil eulurs and which to-day adurn the 
lionu (• oi many of the bidd rider^ and their families: 
Ibadfpiarlcr- Third ("avalry Division, I 
Appomattox ("ourt House, \'a., .\pril !•, isd.".. | 

S«ddier* of the Third Cavalry Division: — With jutt- 
f«.uiid unililmh' toward the (iod oi*l»attIes, by wh(»s<' bless- 

'<nr cneniic" ha\c In-en hundtled and our arms ren<lered 
phant, your commanding' general avails himself of 



OFF FOR ]'ETERSBURG. 'I'-Vl 



this, his first opportiinity,to express to you his admiration 
of the heroic manner in which you have passed through 
the series of battles which to-day resulted in the surrender 
of the enemys entire army. The record established by 
your indomitable courage, is unparalleled In the annals of 
war. Your })rowess has even won for you the respect and 
admiration of your enemies. During the last six months, 
although in most instances confronted by superior num- 
bers, you have captured from the enemy in open battel, 
one hundred and eleven pieces of field artillery, sixty-five 
battle Hags, and upwards often thousand prisoners of war, 
including seven general officers. Within the past ten days 
and included in the above, you have captured forly-six 
pieces of artillery and thirty battle Hags. You have never 
lost a gun — never lost a color — and have never been de- 
feated. And notwithstanding the numerous engagements 
in which you have born a ])rominent ])art, including those 
memorable battles of the Shenandoah, you have captured 
every ])iece of artillery the enemy has dared to open upon 
you. The near approach of ])eace renders it imi)rol)ai)le 
that you will again be called upon to undergo the 
fatigues of the toilsome march, or the exposure 
of the battlefield ; but, should the assistance of keen 
blades, yielded by your sturdy arms, be required to hasten 
the coming of that glorious peace for which we have been 
so long contending, the general commanding is proudly 
confident that in the future, as in the past, every demand 
will meet with a willing and hearty response. 

Let us hope that our w'ork is done, and that, blessed 
with the comfort of ])eace, we may soon be permitted to 
enjoy the pleasure of home and friends. For our comrades 
who have fallen let us ever cherish a grateful remembrance. 
To the wounded, and those who languish in southern 
prisons, let our heartfelt sympathies be tendered. And 
now speaking for myself alone, Avhen the war is ended", 
and the task of the historian begins; when those deeds of 
daring, which have rendered the name and fanu' of the 
Third Cavalry Division imperishable, are inscribed on the 
bright pages of our country's history, I only ask that my 
name may be written as that of the commander of the 
Third Cavalry Division, 

G. A. Custer, Brevet Major (Jcneral. 

A. Ad.iittant General Barxhardt. 

The few days passed in camp here were ])leasant. All 
the works in and around the eitv were viewed with luuch 



234 OFF FOlt I'ETKnsBUBG. 



iytfri'rit. The ConliHlt*rato \vt»rks Inoknl <juito fonnlilahlo, 
biit wtTf luufli tli'lacftl l)v t«l»ot aiul shell. Nearly all the 
vjhlitT nuartiTs wert' iiiuKrjrriniixl, aiul from all appoar- 
alU'C^ tin* Juhiiiiit'> |uiss4'il an micoinrctrtable winttr. Sev- 
eral liulleni arrivetl about this time, ami exposed their 
^ouils for sale at siieh exh«»rl)itaiit priee.-, that the lon-r 
|K'iit up wnith of the soldiers toward this enter- 
prising class of inerehaiils wa-^ somewhat appi-ased 
by the destnieti«»n of their tents ami the eo'jxijnent 
h»f».s «»f .Minie «if their gooils. The largo majority of 
the men were opjK»sed to these aets of vandalism, 
and had nothing to do with them, yet w hen the raid was 
made «»n onr (»wn brigaile sutler, (ieiu-ral Tibbetts then in 
temponirv «Miinniand. promiscuously arrest<'d every man 
f<iund iiu the streets at that liniir, 1(1 p. m. Three such 
arrests were made fnun the writer's company, luither of 
whoni ha«l anything to <lo with the raid. With others, 
they Were hurriedly taken luarly three niile> I'nun the 
camp, au<l snbjeeted to most inhun.an tnatnunt, such as 
«Iepriving them of food and even water, and being foretd 
to walk until exhaust«'d. 1 am iii<h bled in l-'elix .1. Bax- 
ter, n meudier of (Vunpany 11, an (tbiratcd ami refined 
gentlctuan, n<iw a resident of Sutton, West Virginia, lor 
the partienlars (»f these unwarranted pruceedings of this 
inhuman ollieer. The men were kcjit away thirty-six 
hours, without the ku<»wle«lge of (iilier the c(.uupany 
ollicers, or the file. Imnu-diately alter this the geiu-ral 
had business in Washington. 

On the il.'Id, much to the surpri-e ol the trtmpers, an 
ord.T was i--ued for the arming of all the unarmed men. 
The general su|>position was that we were to man-h to the 
rear of (leneral .lohuson, wlm had not yet surrendered. 
l'I:irly on tin- morning of the 'JIth the bugles in all di- 
ri'ctions were Kounding "boot and sa«hlh'," and the "general 
cjdl." Thi>« meant marching. When a camji mar a town 
is to be broken, huudred> of persons white and black 
gather there to secure what the soldiers inaN leave in tin- 
way of cluthing, i-te. ( )n thi-* occasion ilu- <amp was 



OFi-^ Foil rF,TKi;si;ru(i 



thronged, and as tlic weather had become quite warm tliey 
were well repaid. At eight o'cloek General Sheridan and 
staff pass eamp, and soon the entire cavalry are in eoiiimn 
tiling out the lioydton plank road. A halt was made at 
Dinwiddle C. H., and some of us had the jdeasurc ..{ vis- 
iting the place wIhm-c we were engaged disiiioimted on 
ISIarch 31st. 

The march was continued, and on the 2oth the Notto- 
way river was crossed on an old and very rickety bridge, 
and in the evening went into camp near the north fork of 
the ^Nleherrin river. The next morning that stream was 
safely forded. The weather was delightful, the road nnA 
and shady, all nature was becomingly dressed in the garb 
of early spring. Even the grim warriors appreciated the 
beautiful surroundings, and gatiiered boquets of rare wild 
{lowers. It is with light hearts and buoyant spirits, at live 
o'clock in the evening, that the column enters the pretty 
little village of Boydton. All the bands were plaving 
'TTail Columbia!" The entire population of the villag(MT- 
paired to the main street to view the cavalcade. Went 
into camp near the college grounds. On tlie 27th the 
march was resumed. Great crowds of people, white and 
black, thronged the road and camp. The joy of the negroes 
was great, and they afforded considerable amusement fbr 
the troopers, who now, more than at any other period nf 
the war, could see fun in almost anything. 

At noon the column reached the Staunton river and a 
temporary bridge was made from boats which had been 
secured bv Tvlajor Young and General Sh.eridan's scouts. 
On the '28th, marched to near South Boston, on Dan 
River, not far from the North Carolina line, where intelli- 
gence of Johnston's surrender was received. On the 29th 
the command started on the return march, taking another 
route, arriving in Petersburg, May oth. All tlu- houses 
passed on this return march displayed a white Ihig in 
token of surrender. The natives also intended the Hag to 
represent that the davs of foraging were over, and that lu. 
more chickens were for sale, llemained in camp near 



230 OFF Kol: I'FrrKRsBL'RO. 

iVtiTijburg until the 10th, when the tlivislon started to 
inan*h to Wa>hingtoii. While in i-amji liere, Gen. Custer's 
i\iti* vi^iti-d liiin. She was a bcautilul and ac*(*oin|)li>)i(.>il 
hidv atitl a lint' i-i|iU'strian, an«l M'rninl to In* a titling eoin- 
fwinion ft»r Nncii a hravi' otliccr as uur ithijized eununaniiiT. 
Mrs, Cn-trr rtinainul wiihlhc ilivi^inn until it was dis- 
Imnilcd. Cu-nrral ('u>ti'r always Wiin- a ciiiuson netktie, 
whi(*li etinsistfil of a >-trip ot' red merino ^i»ods about six 
ini'lu'ti widf ami onr yard l<»nj;. This was w(»rn around 
tilt' Uft-k, loojH'il <»nfe, and tin- «'nds tucked beneath the 
Vest. Whih' at IVtersburj; Mrs. Custer su^;;ested the itU-a 
of the entire division wearing; this jaunty ailair, an«l the 
su^^estion was at onee »'on«iirred in, but the ^o<><l> .ould 
not !«• secured in IN-tersburf; or lvi«'liniond. 

Pnrinj; llie inaicli to \\ :i>hin;:t(»n we were niueii grat- 
ified in In-ill'; |M'niiitt«tl to niareh throiif^h the city <tl Uic-h- 
niond, and nian\ other places made (anions bv the war, 
anion;; whieh iiii^ht l>e iiieiitioncd Slaughter Mountain, 
C<'«h»r (Jrove, Ihill Kiin, and <»tlier noted jilaccs. 

Ontlu' HItli the <-avalry arrived at Alexaiulria ami 
camped on Fedenil Hill in lull view of the ea|)ital city of 
the Tnile*! States. The scene of Colonel Kllsworth's 
•lealh wa> visited by about cvj-ry soldier of the command. 
The stairs \\liere the Colonel met his (itatli had been 
nearly <'iit to pi«-ce> by i-elic liiiiitcr>. \\ hile in camp 
here, the opihr a|tpointin<; the *J.'{rd and 'J 1th davs of May 
f«»r tin- errand revi«-w of all the armies a>s( inblin^r ;iroiind 
Washington was i»Mied. A few days alter arriving; at 
.\le\:indria the eamji wa* movtd tii mar the >oiith em! (»f 
the Ion;; bri«l^'e, one mile from \\ asliin;;fon. While ijoinp; 
int«» <*anjp here, <|uite an amiisiii;; iiiei«lent oeenrre«l whieh 
denionslnitcd the fact that the boy< did not know much 
about the ebb an<l Ihtw of the tide. Some of them 
pitched their eam|> on a beaiilifnl beach mar the l'ot<;niac 
Uivi-r. Tin* tide «-:ime up and < iit ilieiii oil troin the main 
«anip. WhtnilMy r«aii/td their ^ittlalion, tiny hastily 
•>hoiilder< d their traps and wadtd out. This alloithd rich 
UinUM-inelll (of tll*<>M- v\ ho w iliM >M «l the I eeiirrelK ('. < >iie 



OFF FOR PETERSBURG. '1:^7 

of them remarked that wa.s the first time he ever saw a 
river run up stream. On Sunday, ]\Iay 21st, the entire 
division niarehed through Wasliino;ton to a eanip near the 
historic village of Jihidensburg, six miles from the capital. 
While passing through the city General Sheridan was ob- 
served standing on the verandah of a liouse, and was warmiv 
greeted by the troopers, but while passing down Pennsvl- 
vania avenue Gen. Custer viewed the column from Willard's 
Hotel, and at sight of him, such cheers were given by each 
passing squadron, as fully demonstrated the love and admira- 
tion with which the Third Gavalry Division regarded their 
commander. INIrs. Custer stood nearthe general and no doiiltt 
very properly thought that some of the ciieers were in- 
tended for her. J^efore the review the division was twice 
more marc^hed through the city and back again; of course 
this was done for display, but by whose orders it does not 
appear. In eanip great prej)arations were being made for 
the grand review. The red ncek-ties had been secured, 
clothing was carefully cleaned for the oeeasicui, arms and 
equiimients brightened, and above all, the horses had been 
given the best of care. The event, it was believed, would 
be the crowning affair in our soldier lives, for after that 
we expected to be mustered out. The only thing needed 
to give the troopers the freedom of the city was a pair of 
shoulder straps. And as these were quite cheap, the like 
of the number of second lieutenants of cavalry was never seen 
on the streets of Washington. No more nobler or k inder man 
than Lt. Col. Allen ever lived, and, as it was said of Caesar, 
"He knew all his ^len." AVhtn the Colonel would meet 
dozens of lieutenants of his own regiment whom he knew 
had not been j^romoted, he could do nothing less than 
smile and pass on. 

Preparations for the review were going loi'ward on a 
grand scale within the city. The most beautiful arrange- 
ments were the stands arranged for the states. Seats were 
erected wherever space would admit. Pennsylvania av- 
enue was one mass of bunting. At length the eventful 
dav (the 2-3(1) arrivinl and our division was honored by 



23S lEitsnuiM 

btMiig pliu'ftl at till' lu'jul of tin- culiiinii. It \vii«< not later 
than ntni> oVK»c-k. when, with haiuls playing and colore 
flying, wi* niarchfd cKtwn ('apital Hill in rhisc cttliinin, hv 
platoons, and filing up I'mnoylvania aviiiiic, thr Ixaiity 
and gnindenr of the sf»MH' wa^^ ri'vealtil in all its .splendor. 
Kvery ineh «»f .-tanding room on the si»le\valks and ero.vs 
."treetH Were paeked with pcopK-. Wrandas and honst- 
to|)j* wen* at a prejuimn. Two miles of police antl patnds 
were neersyaiy to kei-p the irowd hack. Flags and hantl- 
kt'rehiefs Were wavr«l, clapping of hands, eherring and 
«»ther demonstnitions of the e.\<'ited throng greeted tis on 
every >ide. C'li^iter's division »»f three thous:ind men, with 
their erinisnii tie>, re«'eived «piite an ovation all along the 
line, and more |>artienlarly at the ritasnrv iMiilding and at 
tlie Ohio stand, where heaiitifnl thtwers were showered 
into the ranks hy fair m:ii«lens and children. The review- 
ing stan«l wa- located in front of the president's mansion, 
and ln-re the cn»wd was the greatest and the mn«.t denmn- 
«tn»tive. After pa>>ing in review, the cavalry galloped 
hack ( r fitroet, went to camp, diveste*! themselves of arm» 
and nceontrement.s. walked haik to the city and 
helpi'd swell the <'rowd. In the afternoon the 
army of the Potomac pa*^sed iti review and the solitl tramp 
of infantry and the rnmhie <tf artillery occupied the entire 
afternoon. This army .-.howcd their splendid disciplin«', 
l»v their r'gnlar and steady marching, and their straight 
and compact linos elicite«l the admiration of all. 

< )n th • '_4th (lenrial Sherman's army of \tteran-< 
passe«l in review, and as this was their tir>t aj»|»carance in 
tin- eity, tlu-ir coming was looked to with much intere>t. 
This armv more fully exemplified to the pt ople, an army 
on a march in an enemy's eonntry, as thiy wcri' accom- 
|tanicd by the iisnal accessories, viz: le«l hor.-cs with c.imp 
eipiijKige, negroes leading <lilapitlat( d miihs with their 
eanip goods on tlu-ir hai-ks, all of which afl'orde«l great 
ainnseinent for the people. A lew davs aft<r the review — 
which IniH gone «lo\vn in history as om- of the gran<le>t 
ut!airt» ol the kind the coiintrv ever witnc>M(l — the thinl 



OFF FOR PETERSIJURG. 200 



cavalry division was called in line to bid farewell to Gen- 
eral Custer, who had been ordered to Texas, Tlie general 
and his wife rode alonj^ the front of tiie line at a ,<:;anoi», 
the general waving his hat in token of farewell. 

That was the last we ever saw of General Custer, the 
golden-haired trooper, and one of the most dashing, dar- 
ing and gallant cavalry leaders, whose genius had been de- 
veloped by the war. After the great review, and after our 
leader had left us, we looked anxiously forward to the time 
when we would be mustered out of service. The enter- 
prising news boys on (doming into camj) would crv out, 
"here's your daily, all about mustering out the tro(tj)s. " 
This anuouncjmeut would gonL'rally sell the [)ap3rs, — ami 
"sell" the troopers also. But all things finally come to an 
end; and when the first few days of balmy June had been 
added to our term of service, an orde.i was issued for the first 
Second and Third West Virginia Cavalry, to proceed bv 
the B. & O. R. R. to Wheeling, West Virginia, for tha 
l)urpose of being mustered out. It was with joyful hearts 
that the third brigade nuirehed into the capital city and 
formed on Maryland Avenue, squadron front. 

It was late in the evening of the 17th when our horses 
were all on boyrd, after which another section of train, with 
a mixture of passengers and box cars, held the men. In 
due time all arrived safely in Wheeling, horses were sad- 
dled, and all marched over the bridge and went into camp 
on Wheeling Island. Hardly had the command pitched 
camp when squads were seen going over to ]5ridgeport, 
and experienced the proud satisfaction of standing on the 
soil of our own beloved state of Ohio, or God's country as 
the boys commonly termed it. While in camp here the 
writer received from a lady the following i)oem, which had 
been cli])ped from the Pittsburgh Dispatch : 



2-10 "11 FOR PETKIU5I1UR0. 



"THK IIKKOKS ol IHK CUSTKK TIE." 



[lUiliiiiti'tl to till- IMiinl Cavalry l>i\i>iMii,] 



Tlu' luTOfN nf tlu' "CtisttT Tie/* 

Tlic laiU wild Invf tin- <-riiMsui) Ayv, 
111 all ('oltiiiiltia's glorious land, 
Wlurt" all are Imivc, tlin-r's nut niu* liainl 

Like tlu)se who wear the "Custer Tie." 

When the fleie ' ehar^e the trmii|tets tell. 
Their «*yt's Hash fire, their Imisoius swell — 
With rilles eneked aiui j:leaiiiin^ sw(ir<l, 
Lik«' rivers tlinMif^h its outliaiiks |>niiin|, 
llii>h Custer's la»U with tlealeiiin;; ytil. 

N'o |tan»e for them when hiillets My, 
Ami liattle's clouds ohselires the sky ; 

Soiiu' slain, some wounded, till the dust ; 

The rest are maddened — onward lMii>t — 
And -tartlfd focinen fall or flv. 

TIm' ridcr'.x valor jrives new forei- 

In Itattle's sho<-k to his swift horst — 

Like i-a^les sweopin^ on their l»rey, 

( M' like tlif vivid lijihtniiij^'s ray ; 
The sijuadroii da>lies <in its course. " 

The hanners were hy proiid foes hornr. 
The ;;un- from fnld and fortress torn, 

W here are tlntsc llaj^s which once waved lii«/h'. 

\N here is that dread artillery? 
They now those heroes cain|)> adnni. 

Well may they shout — well may they hra^', 

\\ ho never lost one ^un, or flaj;. 
Who never heard a hostile _i;un, 
Hut ijuick surrounded, sei/ed and won. 

The piece within their lino they dia^. 

l*'or ^alhnt Cu>t» r'> liov> a chet-r, 

For honor, will and daring fear, 

They iir-hi<l the hravesl, ami the first, 
When at the foeinen'H raiikx thev hurst, 

And s]»read Im fore tin in llight and ft ar. 



(JFK FOR PETERSnURG. 241 



Famed warriors of the Custer tie, 

The titne of peace and home is iiifjh, 
Wont the dear ones yon h'ft at home 
With jov and priih- around VdU eome 

And chisp those with the ciimson lie/ 

(Jive those for rank and wealtli who wear 
The pile of gohl, the o;litterin<; star, 

We'll wear our hadge of hravery, 

Our brave divisions crimson tie, 
In peace, in war, at home, afar. 

And shouhl our country e'er demand 
For other wars your veteran hand, 

The heroes of' the "Custer Tie" 

Trepared to conquer, or to die, 
Around the stars and stripes tliey'll stand 

I had tiiree hundred copies of this poem printed, and 
sohl them over cam]). \ wouhl usually get a squad around 
me, read the i)oem aloud, then offer them for ^sale. On 
one occasion when reading it to a squad of V.-.e First Vir- 
ginia, I nuticiMlone man near m' who listened to the rea<l- 
ing, with interest until 1 came to the line, 

"And should our country e'er demand 
For other wars our veteran hand" — 
when with a disgusted look he turned to leave, at the same 
time remarkiug,-"ril he d-d if they get this veteran?" The 
Jew clothiers of Wheeling reap'd.iuite a harvest m sell 
ing clothing to the men. The hoys would buy entire suits 
pack them in a valise, put their names on the valise, and 
leave them with the merchants until pay day. 

These enterprising and grasping people kept (qn-n 
stores all day on one Sahhath, which was contrary to law. 
For this they gladly paid fifty dollars line each. They 
could well afford to do so. 

At last, on the fourth day of July, L^'i^^ :»t 1<^ ^ ^'l^^ck 
n m in one of the streets of Wheeling, our freedom papers 
were placed in our hand, together with what Uncle Sam 
owed us, in the way of crisp, new and bright greenbacks. 
It was verv amusing to see the l)oys walk up to the win- 
dow as their names were called and receive the.r final d.s- 



242 OFF FOR I'ETKRSRrRC. 

charges. Several hnntlre<l eititeiis and soldiers were s|kh'- 
tatiirs, uiitl us the veti'niti>, who had fiit-ed death hiindred.s 
of times, reulixetl that thi-y were oiiee im»re free men, they 
wrre wi t»vere«»nu' with emntion that many of them, by 
thrir hidirroiiH a«-tio!is, kr|it thf aMt!i«ii«'»' in mars ol" laii;;li- 
ttr. 

Ilrre Irt ii> |aii>i'. .Ntar i\\<iity-i i;;hl viai-" liavf 
|ia.-sMil, with their sdiihUTs and wintiT». l>i'ar natiirr ha^ 
kisM'tl alike the ijrave.s of I'liion and ( 'miffderate, and h( r 
rolM-> of verdure or of sn«»w, are the proidV cd* ioviii<; im- 
partiality. Hut me'.Jiories live. The hoys eanie home 
a^ain — hut ahl'^ ! not all oftlu-m. A-« Franeis A. l)iiiivay;e 
^u simply and pathefieally sinjjs: 

"'lliere han^s a >ahr«-, an*l then* a rein, 
W ith rusty huekle and ;;reen eiiri* chain; 
.\ pair of spurs on tin- old j;ray wall. 
And a moldy snhlh — well, that is all. 

Conn- out to the stable, it i> not far. 
The moss-j^rown door is han^inj; ajar; 
Look within I there's an empty stall, 
Where once stood aehar;:er — ami that i>all. 

The iroo.l hiaek steed <-ame riderless home, 
l''leeke«l with Itlood-dropH, .is well as foam, 
ho you .-ee that mound where the tiead leave> fall'.' 
The i;ood Mack Imrse pined to thath — lliat'^ all. 

WV! (). (iod :it is all I ean speak : 

(Jiu>^ti(.n me n<»t — I an> old and weak. 

His saddle and sahre han^ on the wall, 

And his hor>^e jtinrd to d<:itli — 1 have told \(iu all. 



OFF F(Ji: PETERSBURG. 24.j 



A PARTIAL LIST OF ENGAGEMENTS PAllTKT. 
PATED IN BY THE RECJLMENT. 



Operated agaiu.^t ;^ucni!lra,s in tlic GuyaiKlotk- and 
Mud River vallcy.s, Dc'cember IGtli, ! 80 1 to Ajjril 2.Stli, 
18G2; Hiintersville, January 4t!i ; Paintsvillc, Kentucky, 
January 7tli; Dry Fork, January Stli, \HCr2; Lcwishur'r, 
May loth; near White Sulphur, May Fith ; (alhdian's 
Station, May lOth; destruction of hrid^^e over Cow I'as- 
ture Kiver, May 17th; 15attle Lewisburg, May li-'Jrd. 
Many minor cngagement.s in the counties of Greenhriar. 
Fayette, Mercer, Raleigh and Wyoming, during the nioiilhs 
of June, July and August, 1802 ; Rarboursville, M'est 
Virginia, September 8th; ex|)cdition to Greenbriar countv, 
Ncjvember Dth to Fith ; Sinking Greek, November 2Gth. 

1803. 

Third action at Jjcwisburg, ]\Iay "ind ; Sumnicrville, 
May F2th ; Loup Greek, June 27th; Pvaleigh G. H., July 
4th ; Goal River Glades, July oth ; Shady Springs, Juls' 
14th; Al>bs Valley, July 17th; Wytheville, July l8th ; 
Fayetteville, Jidy 28th ; Jiocky Gap, August 2")th ; Mill- 
point, Noveud)er otii ; RigSewell Mountain,! )eceiuber 1 2th. 

18G4. 

Grassy Jiick, May 7th; Abbs Valley, May 8th; Gove 
Mountain Gaj), May 10th; Dublin, I\Iay EF2th ; Jenkins 
River, May 14th ; Salt Pond Mountain Gap, May FSth ; 
Muddy Greek, ]\ray 29th ; Buflalo (Jaj), June 9th"; New- 
])ort, June 10th; near Lexington, June 11th, IJuchanan, 
June 13th; Otter (Jap, June 15th; New London, June 
l()th ; Diamond Hill, June 17th a. m. ; Lynchburg, .lunc 
17th and 18th; Gampbell G. IL, June 19th; Liberty, 
June 20th; Bonsack, June 21st; Salem, June 22nd; 
Mountain Gove on Gatawba Greek, June 22nd (evening) ; 
near A\'hite Sulphur Springs June 23d. Transferred to 
Shenandoah Valley — Stej)heuson's Depot, July 20th; New- 
town, July 22nd; Kearnstown, July 23rd: Winchester. 



244 



«»FF Fi>U I'ETKKSIU'UO. 



July 24th; Bunker Hill, July '25tli; Murtinsbur<^, Jiilv 
25111; Clian»!»cr!<l>urj;, July .'JOtli; Muon-fidil, Auj:u>t Ttli; 
\Villiuin>|»'irt, Aujjjust l!7tli: Mart'm-lmr;;, Aii<:iist .nst; 
Huckl(*>io\vu, S.*|»tiMul)rr *J:ul: Hiiukir Hill, Srptfmlxr -Ul 
aud Itli; Cartrr's Farm, Sf|»triulHT otii; on N'alify I'iko 
rarli ilay of ScptcuiliiT l.'l, 1 I, )•'», H>, 17, iStl;; 0{R'(|uau 
«>r Winclu>trr, Stpt* nil)«'r lIMli; hetwi-rn Wiiiciicstcr 
autl ri>liir'> Hill. Sipti'iulu-r 'll>l; Fi.slur'> Hill, 
S«'|iti'nilnT *J'Jii«l; Mitiiiit .lackxiii, Si'ptciubiT '_'.">r<l; 
TimlM rvillr nr l>i(i:»«lway. Si ptmilKT 'Jltli; l'\trrr^t Hill, 
S-ptriiilirr Llltli p. m.; \N'iV(r'> Cavr, Si'pt*'iiil»ir L'fith ami 
liTtli; (Vtlar Cn-fk, (K-tohiT ]!Mli; Milfuril, Liiray N'all.y, 
OrtolnT 'irith; Niiu'vali, Fr«»nt Knyal I*ik«', ( Ktnlx-r IJlli; 
KikU-'s Hill, N«>vt' ulnT 2.'iril; Libiity Mill-. 1)< <<ii)Im r 
'2'2; nrar (Jonlonsvillo, December ;i.*Jr<l. 

isr,.'). 

Mount ( 'raw I'ltnl, Manh Isl; Waynesboro, Manli 'Jiul, 
Dinwi.l.lie ('. H.. March .-Jlst: Five Forks, Ai)ril 1st; 
Deep ("reek, April JinI; Sailor's ('ie«k, April <>tli; Appo- 
mattox Station, Ajuil stli: A iM'nM.\TKtx. Ai-ini. 1»tii. 




DEATH ROLL. 



List of deaths of enlisted iDen of the Second West 
Virginia Cavalry Volunteers from the date of organization 
to the date of muster out, June oOth, 18(>o : 

Edward A. Thomas, Sergeant Major, killed in action 
at Winchester, Virginia, July 2Gth, 1SG4. John R. James, 
Hospital Stewatt, died September 4th, 1862, at Gauley 
Bridge, Virginia. 

COMI'AXV A. 

Theodore Dunbar. Corporal, killed in action at Deep 
Creek, Virginia, Aj)ril ord, 1805. Thomas A. Singer, 
Bugler, killed at Bunker Hill, September, 1804. David 
C. Bailey, Private, died October, 1803, while undergoing 
sentence of G. C. M. at Camp Chase, Ohio. Summer V. 
Chase, Private, killed at Cove Mountain, May 10th, 1804. 
Thomas B. King, Private, died July, 1804, at Gallipolis, 
Ohio. J. W. McCormick, Private, killed at Cove Moun- 
tain, May 10, 1804. Thomas McMasters, Private, died 
April 28th, 1805, at Ft. Monroe, Virginia, of wounds re- 
ceived at Five Forks. Charles 11. llussell, Private, killed 
at Deep Creek, April 3rd, 1805. John W. Robertson, 
Private, killed Front Royal, Nov. 20, '64; Wm. M. Rey- 
nolds, Private, killed Shenandoah, Aug. 1804; Joseph 
Radford, Private, killed by pistol shot at hands of AV. H. 
Grouser, Dec. 28, 1802; Thomas C. Skiles, Private, died 
Sept. 28, 1802, consumption. 

COMPANY B. 

John N. Stewart, Commissary Sergeant, diccl while 
prisoner of war at Belle Isle, date unknown; Martin 
Van Every, Sergeant, died April 20, 1802, Charleston, 
W. Va.; Braxton P. Reeves, Sergeant, killed at 
Barboursville, W. Va., September 8, 1803; Irwin 
R. Hailev, Corporal, kiUcd September 5. 1S(;4; 



246 DEATH ROLL. 



Rlwanl Mitchell, blacksmith, ilitHl April 30, 1863, Hos- 
pital, Favfttt'vllK', Va.; Thus. H. Tiuulinsoii, Mll^i^•i:m, 
fuinul ileatt Sept. 18t)3, Camp I'iatt; .laiius II. Butlir, 
Private, tiro \v net!, Oct. 11, IHGS.Ohio rivrr; E. Hlanken- 
^hip, Private, (Hctl Ort. 7, lHi;2, at (Jallipolis, ( ); Ix-wis 
(.'unway, Private, tlied Jan. 16, 1.SG4, home of pneunionia; 
Rtlmtind I>avi!», Private, tlieil, June IG, 1863, Ironton, O.; 
Ht-nry II. Ilenshaw, Private, ilie«l from wouiuls received 
at Wytheville, Va., July 18, 1863; (leor^e Iloflmau, Priv- 
ate, ilietl froui wounds rei'cived at Lewisluir^, Va., Mav 
18, 1863; Henry Jonen, Private, died Imiii wounds, Sept. 
10, 1S6I: Amos McKee, Private, killed in action at Hat- 
er's Hill, Ky., Jan. 7, 1H6-J; Klias Spencer, Private, killed 
at Deep Creek, V;i., April :\, 186"). 

(uMI'ANY < . 

Knoch L. I\vc, Sergeant, killed near Kaleigli (', II., 
July 14, 1863; John W. Swallow, CorjK)nd, died, Jan. I, 
1H64, Charle>«tnn, \V. Va., of typhoid fever; Baldwin ('o.\. 
Private, died 5larch 27, ISfj'J at home of consumption; 15. 
8. Hamilton, Private, die«l Jidy 15, 1863 of wounds re- 
ceived at Raleigh ( ". 11, Jiilv 14, 1863; Ilud.son Iloskins, 
Private, kille.l, Newport, \'a. June 20, 1864; Albert W. 
Ix*onanl, Private, kille<l cm Jennies Creek, Ky, Jan. 7, 
1862; Marion Me.Millin, Private, killed Mdiintain ( 'eve \'a., 
June 22, 1864; Levi J. Mercer, Private, died April II, 
1865, Frederick, Md.; Saml. M. Slypes, Private, died 
Dee. 2, 1864, Annap«)lis, Mil.; Janus II. Shreves, Private, 
dicdSipt. 20, 1H<)2, Callipc.lis, ().; William Smith, Private, 
died Jan. 27, 1H«;3, (Juyandottc, \'a.; Stephen L'llum, Pri- 
vate, died Nov. 14, 1H»)2, Point Plea.sjmt, Va.; Jeremiah 
M. H«»yd, 1 »t Lit nttiiaiit, killed near('arter> l'*arin, Sept. 
1M64. 

(OMI'ANV I>. 

.lohn Nnnnemaker, Sergeant, killed at Peters- 
burg, \'a., March 2S, 18(55; David C. Lowry, Cor- 
|Miral, died Man-h 2S, 18(53, Camp Piatt. \'a.; (Jeorge 
F. Black, Private, died .hily 28, 1862. \int..n <'(.iiii- 
tv, <).: Cininville C. Bolxi. Private, ditd M:in h ~'\ 



DEATH ROLL. 247 



1863, Charleston, W. Va.; ^Vm. F. Burgess, Private, died 
Feb. 15, 1864, Charleston. W. * Ya.; John Hanning, Pri- 
vate, died of wounds received at Cove Gap, Va., May 10, 
1864; Chas. P. Herald, died of wounds received at Cove 
Gap, Va., May 10, 1864; Granville Jones, Private, died at 
Andersonville, Ga.; John J. Jackson, killed in action at 
Branson's Farm, Va., Sept. 5, 1.S64; Courtney Lowry, Pri- 
vate, died August 12, 1863, Vinton Co. O., of typhoid 
fever: William Remy, Private, died June 28, 1864 at 
Loup Creek, Va., of typhoid fever; Benjamin Stephens, Pri- 
vate, died Dec. 9, 1864, at Pleasant Valley, Md., of inter- 
mittent fever; Daniel T. Wills, Private, died of wounds re- 
ceived at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 

COMPANY E. 

John D. Barber, 1st Lieutenant, killed at Winchester 
July 27, 1864; Thomas liunsford. Sergeant, died January 
18, 1865, in hospital at Winchester, Va., from wounds re- 
ceived at the hands of (Quince Christian; Alexander Kin- 
neer. Corporal, died January 23, 1865, while prisoner of 
war at Salsbury, N. C; AVilliam Smith, Corporal, died 
July 16, 1864, in hospital at Gallipolis, O.; Edward Hemp- 
field, Bugler, died Sept. 9, 1864, from wounds received in 
action; Silas A. Burdett, Private, died Oct. 15, 1863, at 
Charleston, W. Va.; John L. Chaplin, Private, died Feb. 
1862, Guyandotte, W. Va.; James Cochran, Private, died 
April 25, 1865, of wounds received in action; Samuel A. 
Durbin, Private, died July 17, 1862, in hospital 
at Gauley Bridge, West Virginia; Jackson Elder- 
kin, died November 9, 1864, Washington, D. C- 
Wm. H. Filkill, Private, died Sept. 15, 1862, Gallipolis' 
O.; John Goodfcllow, Private, died April 11, 1865 
Harper's Ferry; William M. Hartford, I'rivate 
killed by bushwhackers on Coal river, July 5, lrS63; 
Justice Irwin, Private, died Belle Isle (prisoner) date un- 
known; John W. ]\[ullen. Private, died March 20, 1865, 
White House, Va.; William W. Orr, Private, died of 
wounds received at Lewisburg, Xix., May 2, 1863; George 
Phillips, Private, killed near Winchester, Va., Jiilv 27, 



i>eatii ikh.i.. 



18G4; IXnnis SuUivan, Private, <lled April 27, 18(j:i iium 
xrouiuU rt-ceivetl in iirti.m. Wa-liin^ton, D. C; Franklin 
Worniun, Privato, iliinl Marrh ISiJ'J, (JuynmU.tt* . Va. 

(nMl'AXV I". 

.IoM>i)h N. HoK-n, I'rivatf, n-portod kilK'«l mar (JiK'K 
(". 11., Mav 2, 1X«»-J: .I«»l>n Fit/.patri«-k, Private, <1it(l fnun 
wotitids rrofivfil at SuninurvilU-, ilato nnknown; Isaac 
Ut»\VfII, I'rivatr, «lat«', ranso ami place nnkmnvn; AI|»Ik'U.s 
T. Martin, Private, ilieil .lannary '*'liu\, 18G."), Pine (Jrove, 
().; (iiMirp' I>. l*.vl«', Private, killed at Appomattox, April 
8, IS'Jo; .James W. P«rry, Prival*-, date, (uui-^e and plaee 
unknt»\vn; Cluirles .1. Path. r-. Private, date, eaiisr and 
plaee nnkno.vn; Krennan Sectt, Private, «l:it«', eaiisi- ami 
plaee nnknown; .In-rpli P. Taylor, Private, died May !»tli. 
18«>2. Inng fever, at ( liarleston. W . \a. 
ioMl'ANV <;. 
IVes-lv Lm»-«l<ird. Serixeant, kilKd in a<ti<»n al \\ in- 
rlu'Ster, Va., diilv 'J I. ISC.j; .iolni Diindan, Ser^jeant, 
dr.»\\n.d in Kanawha river. Fehrnary 'H\, 1S(>1; James 
M.C.iinell, ("orjjoral, ilied An^rnst 2'>, 1H()4, Ciimlxrland, 
Md.; .laeolt Cla\ haujih, Pn^ler, kille«| at Camp Piatt, .hine 
5 18<;4; .lohn C'ollanl, Private, died April 1<», ISC", in 
ho>pital at <'itv Point, \'a., <d" wuii.kIn received in a<'tion; 
(M-or;;«- Pnntitld, Private, <lie«l Decciulirr 11, IHC.}, in 
I/il»l)V Prison. \'n.; IMuaid h.iraii. Piivatc. died March 
•Jl, iSCi'J, hospital, (iiiyandottc, \'a.; William I)a\v- 
Mit) Private, tli<'d April 'J<i, 1H(;."». at I'nrt Monroe 
of wounds n-ccivid in a.iinii; W . !">. Iliitchison, 
Private, killed at Sail<»r'> Creek, April C. 1S(;;»; 
All»erto Ilarviy, Private, killed at I.cwishurj:, Vir- 
uinia, Mav J, l.Sd.'i; Matthew Milh-r, Privat.-, died 
.Inn«' 1, 1 •*<'■»•■•, at Camp Piatt, Virjjinia; K. N. .1. More- 
land, Private, dird May ii<!, ISt;.'), at Nashville, rciimssct'; 
(JrilV /inn, Privatt-, killed at Fiv«' Forks, Vir;:inia, 
April I, 18(;:). 

( UMI'A NV II. 

(ieorj;e NN . SImm maker. Second 1 jnitciiani, kilhd 
Mav 2, 180:J. at l^wislmrp, Viifjinia: Win. II. Purn- 



DEATH j;(>i,].. 249 



side, Sergeant, died September 4, I'Sd'l, at Gallipoli.'^, 
Ohio; Seott Gard, Corporal, killed June 22, 18G4, near 
Salem, Virginia; Jo.scpli M. ]5axter. Private, died of 
Avounds received in action July 24, l.S(j4; William lirooks, 
Private, died October ;], l.S()2, at (Jallipolis, Ohio; Samuel 
Clare, Private, died April 10, 18G;3, at Charleston, of 
typhoid fevei; Cyrenus B. Faires, Private, died April 0, 
18G3, at Camp Piatt, Virginia; William (jarvin. Private, 
killed June 22, 1864, near Salem, Virginia; Peter (Jod- 
dard. Private, died October 1, 18(i2, at (Jallipolis, Ohio; 
George W. Hale, Private, killed at I^ewisburg, Virginia, 
May 2, 1863; Joseph J. Harding, Private, killed at lirush 
Mountain, Virginia, June 26, 1864; John H. James, Pri- 
vate, died September 10, 1862; Jacob J\ Milhoif, Private, 
died February 2, 1862, at Guyandotte, Virginia; Thomas 
T. Morton, Private, died of wounds received July 24, 1864; 
Isaac ]Moore, Private, killed near Salem, Virginia, June 
22, 1864; ]3enjamin Prim, Private, killed near Salem, 
Virginia, June 22, 1864; George W. Simpson, Private, 
killed at Fisher's Hill, September 21, 1864; James H. 
Smith, Private, killed at Lewisburg, Virginia, May 2, 1863; 
Andrew J. A\'eed, Private, died from wounds received in 
action July 22, 1864; Cornelius Worman, Private, died 
September 30, 1863, at Gallipolis, Oliio; James Woodram, 
Private, killed at Lynchburg, Virginia, June 17, 1864; 

COMPANY I. 

George K. Weir, First Lieutenant, killed at Fayetts- 
ville, September 12, 1862; John W^. Hoover, Corporal, 
died May 1, 1862, at Charleston, AV. Va.; Thomas O'Brien, 
Corporal, drowned in Xew river, Va. May 11, 1864: My- 
ron Packard, Corporal, died ]March 12, 1864, in rebel 
prison; Michael Crantz, Private, died March 12, 1862, 
at Camp Piatt, Va; David Dill, Private, died May 1, 1863, 
Camp Piatt, Va; Isaac Kggers, Private, died December 4, 
1863, in Libby Prison; Cyrus Harris, Private, died Feb- 
ruary, 1862, Guyandotte, Va.; Casper Hewitt, Private, 
died from wounds accidentally received at Meadow Bluif, 
Julv 1862; W. E. M. Robert?, Private, died Fel)ruary, 



•250 1>EATH ROLL. 



1864, Tenn; Brvon Roberts. Private, killed at Win- 
chester, September II*, 1SG4; William Ivubinsim, Private, 
killed at Wytheville, July IH, 1863; David Sluder, 
I'rivati-. ditd iKeember 1*J, 1863, Lil.l.y PriM.n. 

CUMI'ANY K. 

Jacob A. Myers, Serjjeaiit, killed at FayettcvilK-, A'a., 
July 4. 1863; Kufu?> Cliamlnrlain, Private, diid, dati- un- 
known; John Irwin, Private, diid, date ui>kn<»\vn; .lulin 
Javens, Private, dii-d, date unknown; Kdwaid Martin, 
Private, died, date unknctwn; Daniel O'Donald, Private, 
killed «.n n. 6: ( ). K. P., July lit. l.siM; Jamen Sweeny, 
i'rivate, killed at Payetteville. Va., July 4, 1864. 
roMl'ANY L. (attached) 

Jame> \\ . Nicholson. (Quartermaster Sergeant, 
died Summerville. N'irginia, November 7, 1H63; Alex. 
11. Hixler. Sergeant, killed near Kalei^h ( '. II. \'a., 
July 14. 18<;3; Thomas V. Ku>li. Cnrporal, killed at 
Wytheville, Va., July IS, 1S(;;5: John II. Deb.. it. Private, 
killed near Hullt<.\vn. Va., Aug. 'Jl, iSdl; John Klliott, 
Private, killed at Frederick. Md., Sept. 12, IS 62; Daniel 
(i. Iligby, Private, died Feb. 11», 1S(;2, at Fayettcville, 
Va; Jacob McCanim, Private, «lied of wounds received in 
action at Raleigh, Va.. March 19, 1862; James Noble, 
I'rivate, killed near lialeigh. \'a., March 14, 1862; John 
Shafer, Private, killed at WythesviUe, Va., July 18, 1863; 
John H. Sumiiiei-, Private, died ( )et. 2S, 1S61, Summers- 
ville, Va.; N. K. Walker. Private, died July 21. 1863, 
(iallip(»li>, ( ). 

Total— Deaths, 146;disc barges for di.>-ability. 109; 
total deaths and dixharges, 2')."). 

The lirst man killed in the regiment was Amo>. McKee, 
of Company H. at .lennies Creek, Kentucky, ilan. 7th, 
1M«;2. The last man killed in the regiment was(ieorge 1). 
Pyle, of ( 'ompauv !•'. at .Appomattox Station, .\pril Sth, 
1 ^6.'). 

It hah been found impossible to obtain a full and eor- 

ree'. list of tin- wounded. 



A PARTIAL LIST OF THE REGIMENT WHO 1)1 ED 
IN ANDERSONVILLE PRISON. 



No. of grave Co 

2712 John Golden, G 
4738 Sam' 1 Gardner, G 
2969 S. C. Jackson, E 
2734 Wm. Leyshon, I 
4463 Adam Steele, C 
6098 Granville Jones D 
39 Myron Packard, I 
2226 Chris. Stewart, I 
In Danville, Va. prison, C 

died Dec. 1864, diarrhoea. 

At Camp Lawton, Millen 

John Hooley, Co. G, no date. 



Date Disease 

July 1,1864, diarrho'a 
Aug. 4, 1864, scorbutus 
July 25, 1864, scorbutus 
July 1, 1864, anasarca 
Aug. 1, 1864, scorbutus 
Aug. 18, 1864, diarrhoea 
Mar. 13, 1864, pleuritis 
June 20, 1864, diarrhoea 
asey L. Kirker, Co. B, 

, Ga., No. of grave, 255, 




-S2 <ii:vivuiis. 

W i: OLD HOYS. 



:i(.-c, 




NA.Mi.s ANi> ri;i:si:.\ r rosr-oii-K k ai)1)1m:ss 
<)|- ^ii;\i\-()i:s OK III K sKcoM) w i>r 

\ IIICIM \ CW ALin . 



Hripulicr ficm-nil W. II. I'..u.ll. I'm!!, villr. III. 
I.itiitciiaiit CuloiH I ,1. .1. llutlmaii, (ianiclt, Kan. 
Major ( '. K. Ilaiiiitlrton, Cliicapt, III. 
Major K. L. (iirii-., Marii'tta, Oliio. 
Major K. S. Mui-^'Mii, /alc-ki, ()|iiu. 



SURVIVOKS. 253 



COMPANY A. 

Robert Merrell, Fayettcvillc, Arkansas. 

R. R. Lyman, Salem Center, Meigs County, Ohio. 

G. T. Cartwright, Schuyler, Nebraska. 

Joseph W. Grimes, ]Jeatrioe, Neb. 

John Alkire, Harrisville, Ohio. 

Andrew Dye, Harrisville, Ohio. 

Henry Davis, Harrisville, Ohio. 

Thad. S. Homines, Rutland, (Jhio. 

Sheffield Russell, Rutland, Ohio. 

G. W. Woodard, Rutland, Ohio. 

J. C. Rupe, Rutland, Ohio. 

Perry Hysell, Pomoroy, Ohio. 

Seldon PTumphrey, I'omeroy, Oiiio. 

J. INI. Humphrey, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Alex. R. Quickie, Pomeroy, Ohio 

Lieutenant E. D. Robinson, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Clark B. Smith, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

David C. Smith, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Geo. P. Stout, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

James Garner, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Christopher Ihle, Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Geo. W. Fultz, ]\Iiddleport, Ohio. 

T. J. Sprague, Middlejiort, Ohio. 

Joseph H. Gilmore, Bradbury, Ohio. 

Nathaniel, Sisson, Marysvilie, Nottoway Co., Missouri. 

Florentine Forrest, Osceola, Iowa. 

J. B. Newman, Osceola, Iowa. 

B. F. Price, Osceola, Iowa. 

W. H. Stevens, Osceola, Iowa. 

Freeman Forrest, Burlingliam, Ohio. 

Ira H. Gilkey, Hemlock Grove, Ohio. 

AV. G. Saunders, Hemlock Grove, Ohio. 

Austin Scott, Hemlock Grove, Ohio. 

David AVelker, Hemlock Grove, Ohio. 

Truman Frost, Hemlock Grove, Ohio. 

Alonzo Hunt, Dexter, Ohio. 

M. W. Rutherford, Union Ridge, Cabell Co., W. Va. 



•_'.j4 siRvivons. 



rhuiaa.x I'. 11u^Ik>, l'ni>jKrt, Marion C'(»., ()liio. 

Isaac SauMbury, Harri^vilU', Ohio. 

Suuiuel Wflker, Kio (Jrundf, Ohio. 

lVu*r Parr, TupiK-r's IMains, Ohio. 

Klliuore PitTiT, l^nf;»villi', Ohio. 

HarvfV Mtl'liin*, I^iu^MvilK', Ohio. 

A. J. i\ik. Hartforil City, W. N'a. 

J. \V. Olhim, Prootorsviih', Olii... 

\V. A. Wiiitir-. Cutkr, Ohi.;. 

,1. L. WalK-r, (Vntralia, 111. 

A. li. -Mrlntnsli, Ilaii^in^ liock, OJiin. 

T. .1. ('alh<iun, ("oal (Jrovi', Ohio, 

\\ . \\ . Calhoun, Au>tin, Tex. 

l/t\vis S. NeUM', Aiitit)iii(y, Ohio. 

A. .1. (Jret'nt», (Jallipolis, Ohio. 

Stfphfn Sohillinp, 4.'J.'i Homer A v., liuliauai)oli.<, linl 

(i. W. Morgan, F^ist Unity, N. 11. 

I>. M. ('hapj)t'll, Clenujit."*, Kausis, 

Ivhvanl Nt'w.xonu', AVilkt'sviJlc, Ohio. 

A. T. Hi{;:{^, Lincoln Centre, Kan.s:i.s, 

(apt. A.CanipI.ell, !K)S e. Capitol St., AVa>liin^^l..ii. D.C 

Charle.>< ( 'atuplM-U, \\'a-hitii,Moii, D, C. 

.1. A. ("roii-cr, KaciiU", Ohio, 

Chailc- .Mi('lain, Ka<ine, Ohio. 

(Jco. M. Krofoot, Synicu.se, N. Y. 

Peter (Jerolnian, Chester, Ohio. 

Arthur C, Love, Dana, Lul. 

S. C, .M<-Klhany, Kerr, (lallia r'uuDty. ()liio. 

L. K, Barker, Sioux Falls, S, 1 ). 

COMI'.V.NV i:. 

K, .M, Monroe, LexiuLrlon. Ky, 
K. T. \'an«lervort, Haverhill, ()hio, 
I >. \\ . IIo|ikins, Ininton, ( )liio. 
JcfvM- Ahle, I ronton, Ohio. 
.L M. CoruK, 1 ronton, Ohio. 
H. (i. Hopkinti, Ironton, Ohio. 
W. (J. Hopkins, Ironton, ()hio. 
S. 1'. (J:i«' - l'-'iiioij, Ohi»». 



SURVIVORS. 200 



Thomas James, Ironton, Ohio. 
Frank Hafflick, Ironton, Ohio. 
Stephen Gates, Ironton, Ohio. 
Capt. W. S. Merrill, Ironton, Ohio. 
Samuel Clark, Ironton, Ohio. 
Robert Mitchell, Ironton, Ohio. 
John Carmichacl, Portsmouth, Ohio. 
John liidout, Wheelcrsburtr, Ohio. 

F. Ginheimer, Whcclersburg, Ohio. 
Jacob Messer, Mincrsville, Ohio. 
John Sannders, Pedro, Ohio. 

A. W. Starling, Ashland, Ky. 

Mills C. Hurn, Ashland, Ky. 

J. S. Duke, Plattsmouth, Neb. 

Chas. B. Morris, Winfield, W. Va. 

Chas. L. Morris, Winfield, AV. Va. 

John H. Dempsey, Hanging Rock, Ohio. 

Mordecia Morgan, National Home, Dayton, Ohio. 

Thomas Williams, National Home, Dayton, Ohio. 

Jefferson Morris, Campbell, Ohio. 

W. L. Caruthers, Pocataligo, W. Va. 

Cornelius Carr, Gallipolis, Ohio. 

Sydney Brammer, Gallipolis, Ohio. 

David Lloyd, Birmingham, Ala. 

John Blankenshij), Rock Camp, Ohio. 

C. P. Bertram, Ohio Center, Kan. 

W. W, Furguson, Proctorsville, Ohio. 

Evan P. Evans, Holcomb, Ohio. 

Alfred McCoy, Columbus, Ohio, 

George Kiscadden, Hanging Rock, Ohio. 

Eugene Syfield, Farraty, W. Va. 

COMPANY c. 
Columbus Penn, Browning, Mo. 
W. Christopher, 2028 Pine street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Joseph Dodds, Brownsville, Ohio. 
John McKaig, Beaver Falls, Pa. 

G. C. Barnes, 46 Scott street, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Capt. E. E. Wilson, Independence, Kan. 



•Jo6 Sl'RVlVORS. 



John ('. Fii ill-, Aiwtt.nl, Kail. 

•laiiu .» IJ. Mitflu'II, .Iftimn'i-. Kan. 

Samuel Sinitlt, Timyer, Kan 

Lioiiti'imiil William ('liiirc-h, \\ iliiallt^l)U^|r, Kan. 

A. J. llaiuiiton, Williani.-bnrj;. Kan. 

Cujit. Tluiiuas Ntal, l*nitt, Kan. 

S. K. Yuiinj;, I'ralt, Kan. 

Lieut, (no. S. Smith, J U IVihral St.. .Mh^'hany, I'a. 

J. M. Wilson, 117'J, Santa l*\' avmno, Urnvir, Col. 

Alviii l\>rtt'r, N'alparaisn, Nfl». 

.Sanuu'l Ki(l;»«\vay, Iir«»\vn.>vilh-, < Mii'>. 

( 'harh> Swit/rr, lirownsvilh', ()hin. 

Klia.s Sti'wart, l{ro\vn.>»viIIe, Ohio. 

.I«thn Hrown, Antinch, Ohio. 

.lainr* W. Brown, .Vntio<'li, ( )iiio. 

K. M. linllnian, .\ntioth. Oiiio. 

.1. M. llofinian, Antioch. Ohio. 

.lohn M. IJnin.-, down Hill, W . \a. 

John ('(»hlliang!i, \:V2 lioyd >l\\'c\, l'itt>l.Mi<:, I'a. 

roMl-A.W i>. 
.\. J. lloho, (loli^litly, Alabama. 
Mor«rjin Morgan. Zaloki, Ohio. 
(Jeorf^c Tinkham, Atlu-ns, ( )hio. 
J. S. Shn>ttr, /ah-ki. Ohio. 
K. A. Johnson, Zah-ki, Ohio. 
John Kale, Zah->ki, ( )hio. 
.lames Steele, W'ellston, <)hio. 
.1. I"\ Tomlin-son, MeArthur, Ohi(». 
IVarl Dnnkle, MeArthur, Ohi<.. 
Frank .MeI)o\\<l, Me.Vrlhur, ()hio. 
John IIarhar;;er, 't')\ Henry .-treet, ('olumluis, Ohio. 
J/ieut. (J. \V. Sny«ler, 'JL'fi 17th St., Colnmhns, (). 
Lieutenant \\ . S. Met lannahan, ( 'reola. ( )hio. 
Lieutenant .1. .\. Hoover, I'ontiae, Hliiiois. 
H. V. C'oiilttr, /ij", Wayne, County, HIinois. 
I. N. Co.i|Hr, Cahlwell, Kansa-. 
<;. W. loiii>, .\shlan<l. Kentueky. 
• I. I.. HauK>. Loiij»('it\. Ntlira-ka. 



SURVIVORS. 257 



Z. Chidestcr, Rock Elm, Wisconsin. 

G. F. lilack, Rom])le, Jackson County, Ohio. 

Wni. Ervinc, Dnndas, Oliio. 

Joseph AV. Andrews, rrot-torsvillc, Ohio. 

Dominick O'Donnell, Midland, Missouri. 

Capt. John McXally, Pittsburo;, Kansas. 

J. W. Tatinan, Kindcrhook, Ohio. 

Isaiali Nixon, St. Charles, Iowa. 

L. M. :^rcQuaid, Adeli)lii, Ohio. 

Samuel Watkins, Adelphi, Oliio. 

John McElhaney, Tennessee City, Tmn. 

Emanuel Jones, Walton, Roane County, \V. Va. 

Robert Workman, Orange, Boone County, AN'. Va. 

Anderson Miller, Oranj^ie, Boone County, W. Va. 

Edward Soulsby, Hartford City, \V. Xa. 

Sylvester Shry, Columbus, Ohio. 

COMPANY E. 

Captain Jeremiah Davidson, ] ronton, Ohio. 

Benjamin Addis, Aid, Lawrence County, Ohio. 

I. W. Bunch, AVellston, Ohio. 

N. P. Wickersham, Wood Rivei, Xeb. 

B. F. Fonts, AVashington Center, Mo. 

Thomas Crisman, Golden, Col. 

John L. McMasters, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Alex Oliver, Trenton, Mo. 

R. L. Coburn, Beverly, Ohio. 

R. H. Gilbert, Brooks, Adams County, Ohio. 

Archibald Grubb, AVaterford, Ohio. 

James Burrows, Beverly, Ohio. 

Jacob Smith, Rockbridge, Ohio. 

Azel S. A^ickrey, Sweet Springs, Mo. 

A. H. Perry, Fishtown, Ohio. 

Elbridge ]\Iiller, AVatertown, Ohio. 

J. M. King, Virginia City, Montana. 

G. P. Sanford, Marietta, Ohio. 

Martin Ecklebcrry, Dresden, Ohio. 

Solomon Love, 205 Xorth Fourth street, Columbus, O. 

W. C. Weir, Columbus, Ohio. 



268 SURVIVORS. 



l-OMPAXV F. 

ThomaM Sharp, llaiulin, W. \'a. 

Tl)uiim.s Gniy, London, Tt'iiii. 

SoiuH-a A. C'owcf, MilwaukiH', Wis. 

Harvov I^nj;Ii-y, Milwaiikof, Wis. 

J«tlin I>v»r, (io>lnn, Kan. 

John .1. .MfDeiil, Zancsvilk', Ohio. 

John -\. (iuodwin, Zancsville, Ohio. 

David Stonts, ZuncsviUc, Ohio. 

Iln^h S. Hankinson, ZaiU'sviMc, Ohio. 

W. K. (Vvsrll, Zancsvilh-, Ohio. 

Panl F. Oonley, National Honir, Dayton, Ohio. 

Charles V. Dyer, Couroe, Trx. 

Williatn McAtee. DiulK-y. Ohio. 

1). .1. Mor^anulge, New Haven, W. \':i. 

W. T. Wilson, Keysjiort, I'liin. 

John Stycrs, Ik'Verly, Ohio. 

James B. Nichols, Beverly, Ohio. 

(icor^e W. Rodfjers, Parkorshur^, W . \'a. 

John F. Dearncr, I'arker.shur^', W. \'a. 

Klijah Mains, New Straitsville, W. \ a. 

Simeon Mains, Patton's Mills, \\ . \'a. 

W. H. Harden, Harthtt, W. Vn. 

Daniel Ross, Heath, W. \'a. 

(i«Mi. K. D.nny, War Deiiartnient, A\'a.-hington, D. C. 

• OMI'ANV (i. 
•lojin Daley, Ironton, Ohio. 
James Daley, Iront(Mi, Ohio. 
•Major John Me^^ahon, Ironton, Ohio. 
(Ieor;;e Briner, Ironton, Ohio. 
Mark Kin};, Ironton, Ohio. 
Thomas Barron, Ironton, Ohio. 
Riiliard I'. Barron, Ironton, Ohio. 
William Doran, Iront<»n, ( )hio. 
Ii<'vi Lun^furd, Ironton, Ohi<». 
.lohn Harvey, Ironton, ()hio. 
Jame^ B. Butler, Ironton, Ohio. 
Jo; hua A^heraft, Ironton. Ohio. 



SURVIVORS. 259 



William Woods, Ironton, Oliio. 

J. R. Morfi)rd, 704 Del avenue, Colmiihiis, ()lii<i. 

Julicn R. ^Slorford, Crone, Ohio, 

James Barnhart, Coalton, Ohio. 

Joseph Jones, Heela I'^iniaee, Jjawrcnce County, O. 

PhilH]) Riter, Hecla Fnrnaee, Lawrenee County, O. 

Michael Barrett, Vesuvius F'ce, Lawrence County, O. 

C. Waits, Catlettsburg, Ky. 

F. J. Zehring, National Home, Dayton, Ohio. 

Elani Willey, llinton, W. Va 

John K. Diotz, Charleston, W. Va. 

David Totld, Charleston, W. Va. 

Granville Sloan, Waverly, Ohio. 

George Coates, Wilmington, Del. 

COMPANY II. 

Emerson McMillin, 40 Wall street. New York. 

Martin Cramer, Chillicothe, Ohio. 

John Gardner, Hamden Junction, Ohio. 

John Radcliff, Buchtel, Ohio. 

James l^lowers, Portsmouth, Ohio. 

Lieutenant Jas. W. Ricker, Portsmouth, Ohio. 

Jos. J. Sutton, Portsmouth, Ohio. 

Andrew McMillin, Jackson, Ohio. 

JeiFerson Howe, Jackson, Ohio. 

C. H. Willis, Jackson, Ohio. 

Nathaniel Hoover, Jackson, Ohio. 

Columbus Weed, Jackson, Ohio. 

H. H. Marshman, Jackson, Ohio. 

John Patton, Jackson, Ohio. 

Joseph Meyers, Jackson, Ohio. 

Murray McMillin, Marietta, Ohio. 

W. E." Tucker, Dundas, Ohio. 

James Hutchinson, Wellston, Ohio. 

David Bartoe, Wellston, Ohio 

E. G. Kinnison, Oregon avenue, Columl)U>', Ohio. 

S. S. Hawk, Columbus, Ohio. 

J. F. Helphenstein, Columbus, Ohio. 

R. E. Hull, Cutler, Ohio. 



260 suRVivons. 



\ I. Liuulrrlmck, Schcll, Oliio. 
tl. A. riupU'lty, IK'unixm, Oliio. 
1>. \V. ("iH-rriiiirton, Irwiu, ( Hiiu. 
W. 1!. I^inr. Iltiiitin*;t()n, W. Va. 
AlKn I^uultT-. Iliiiitin^tiin, \V. Va. 
(i. \V. Fiillrrion, NfW ( "mulKrlaiKl, W . \'a. 
Frlix Rixur, Sultun, \V. Va. 
.1. W . I". l*t>or, Nortli Vfrnon, Itul. 
(i. A. Stiwart. St<Kkt«in. Kan. 
Aloiiro Tarr, Tliayrr, Kan. 
M. O. Sutlu-rlaiu), (Vmway Sprinij^, Kan. 
A. A. (iru-.^inan, Iio>\vt»rili, Mo. 
Will.. I. MrArron, Loii^ I^uu', Mo. 
A. T. IMiilli-y. liUHl S. IVnth >triHt, St. Loni-, Mo. 
('. \V. Branson, (^Wiitnian, M«». 
< liarlr- WitMl, KiMinaril, Nt'l». 
I*. V. Kills, Sijjournry, Iowa. 
Wni. Hrnnton, Coalton, Ohio. 

COMrANY I. 

V. S. Hawk, NtlsonvilK'. Ohio. 
(i. \V. I^tudon, NolsonvilK', Oliio, 
Ihuiirl Varran, Ntlsonville. Ohio. 
L. .1. Klino, Nflsonvillo, Ohio. 
.]. A. Lowo, Jackson, Ohio. 
A. Howon, Miihlhport, Ohio, 
h^lwanl 'rhi»m|)s«)n, Miil»lUport, ()hi*». 
William l)a\vson, Mi«lilU|>ort, Ohio. 
Ix»\vis Prico, Mitl*lK'|H»rt, Ohio. 
.I«»hn II. Lowi's, ('arhi>n Hill, Ohio, 
•lohn Ti mil, INimcroy, ( )hio. 
(Jeorp' \N . Wi^i^ins, Pomoroy, Ohio. 
.John ( '. ('arr, Il«ar Crrtk, Ohio. 
v. M. H..Im>, ValU-y Kor.l, Ohio. 
(i. W. FriloNvs. I/<»np Hottoni, Ohi«». 
Jam... \V. llirks Ilazil. Ohio. 
(iiorj;f Ilumphriy. llarrisvillr. ()lil(. 
K. K. Curtis, (inrdcn, Ohio. 
J. .\. (oMiIry, I.yon..., Kaii.-a?«. 



SURVIVORS. 



261 



Thomas T.ax, liongstreth, Ohio. 

G. W. Montgoiiu'ry, 57 Hunt avomie, Cohitiibus, Ohio. 

Todd Gilliam, 50 North 4th screet, Columbus, Ohi<.. 

Daniel Dudley, Wnverly, Ohio. 

Gaston llysell, lleuUiug, Ohio 

Wm. Murrah, Ruthland, Ohio. 

Henry (Vumhle, Ikidg,. port, Ohio. 

Wm. Miller, Cheshire, ( )\\'\o. 

Dorscy Vancleif, Tuppers Tlains, Ohio. 

Allen Stiir, Wellston, Ohio. 

B. F. Miller, White Eye Plains, Ohio. 

Wm. Murray, Racine, Ohio. 

S. F. Hawk, Ravenwood, W. Va. 

Joseph Robson, Maiden, Ohio. 

Charles Glover, Charleston, W. Va. 

Robert House, Fayettte Station, W. Va. 

E. E. Gilliam, T.eetart, W. Va. 

William M. Hone, Logan C. H., W. Va. 

David Price, Logan C. H., W. Va. 

I). H.Bone, Logan, C. H., W. Va. 

H.T. Spieer, (uiyandotte, W. Va. 

John Warner, Martinsi)urg, W. Va. 

Spencer Saulcer, Point Pleasant, W. Va. 

Macon R. Willis, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Moses Price, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Jesse Mahaley, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Wm. Mahalev, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Tiuiothv Roarak, Showners Cross Roads, 'l^''""- 

Jesse Roarak, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Rueben Cornett, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Wm. Price, Showners Cross Roads, Tenn. 

Capt. W. S. Fortescue, Leavenworth, Kan. 

Lieut. E. A. Rosser, Cofifeeville, Kan. 

W. H. Fountain, El Dorado, Kan. 

Lieut. J. B. Carlisle, El Dorado, Kan. 

A. C. Torrence, Eflinwood, Kan. 

J. A. Cowdry, Lyndon, Kan. 

H. P. Lee, Ligalls, Kan. 



2B*2 8UKVlVOKi». 



\V. H. Biickner, D«<?eta, Minn. 
.)uiiu*.» Stanli'V, llaMrid^t*. Neh. 
<J. W. (*alv.-rf. I^-atlvillc. Cul. 
•loliii I^uiiib, Danville, III. 

to.MPANV K. 

I^eiuiifl harr, ('ullu-rtxtn, Ohio, 
•laiiu'?. .Mi-(i«»viTii, W'l'llston, Oliit). 
."Ninrunl Stewart, NVi'll.stnn. ()liiti. 
.*<. II, Kiiiiii«»i).>i, Passaic, .N. .1. 
I*lia>;iiit NVfl)b, Kofk Camp, Ohio. 
.1. K. IIa>tiii^s, S<*iotovilh', Ohio. 
.1. II. Kiiiiiioii.x, Iroiitoii, Ohio. 
Ahnihaiii ('ollu-nin, I ronton, Ohio, 
.lohn NN'anI, Ironton, Ohio. 
\\ altt-r ( "olford. I ronton, Ohio. 
Kvan ( iiNMlnian, Ironton, ()hio. 
('harh'> Shrltoii, Ironton, Ohio. 
Major K. S. Morgan, Zalcski, Ohio. 

COMP.VNY M. 

A. S. I ).rii|i-.v. Hcrlin X lvo:i(l>, ()hio. 
.Imiiii-« M. ('arrick. Hi-rlin X Koa<l>. ()hio. 
lirnjaniin Ki>-<"r, Hrrlin X Koads, Ohio. 
I/u-nt. \V. .1. Kirkendall, Dawkins Mill.s, Oliio. 
{"luu- Palmer, Dawkins Mills, ()hio. 
William ('all, Jackson, Ohio. 
.1. W. B«'yron, .Ia«-ksoii, Ohio. 
William MontLroinciv, WclUton, ()hio. 
.Milioii .McKinnis^, Wel|>ton, ()hio. 
.1. MrLaii;:hlin, Wellston, Ohio. 
Wt'sley Harmon. Well>toii, ( )liio. 
Nathan I.ott, W.lUtoii, ( )|iio. 
I >. Ilahh-rman, I ronton, Ohio. 
John S«Mnlers, (iallia Fnrnnce. ()hio. 

Uohert Steele. .Vthens, Ohio. 

(ieiirj^e Zinn, Kiv<'rton, Ohio. 
JiiMe|ili I'rovunce, Wal.MMilnirj;, ('ol. 

'•• M <2"'"'l*y> '^"^ I'-I'-' I. 'Ml^' Street, ('ollinilui-, < >. 



8M 



